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The First World War:• Why? Long term -
1. Alliance system
2. Imperialist Competition
3. Stockpiling of Weapons
Short term - Assassination of Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his Wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg one hour before their deaths, June 28, 1914
U12LG1 – Cause ofWorld War I
Chapter 23.1
Causes of World War I -
M
A
N
I
A
ilitarism – policy of building up strong military forces to prepare for war
lliances - agreements between nations to aid and protect one another
ationalism – pride in or devotion to one’s country
mperialism – when one country takes over another country economically and politicallyssassination – murder of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand
MANIA
Imperialism: European
conquest of Africa
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10%
Britain 13%
Russia 39%
Germany 73%
Causes of WWI - MilitarismCauses of WWI - Militarism
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
Total Defense Expenditures for the Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,
Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s (British pounds).in millions of £s (British pounds).
Triple EntenteTriple Entente::Triple EntenteTriple Entente:: Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Triple AllianceTriple Alliance::Causes of WWI - AlliancesCauses of WWI - Alliances
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Italy
Great Britain
France
Russia
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Germanism - movement to unify the people of all German speaking countries
Austria *Belgium DenmarkIceland Germany *Liechtenstein *
Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland *United Kingdom
* = German speaking country
Germanic Countries
Causes of WWI - NationalismCauses of WWI - Nationalism
Pan-Slavism - movement to unify all of the Slavic people
Causes of WWI - ImperialismCauses of WWI - Imperialism
Causes of WWI - ImperialismCauses of WWI - Imperialism
The
“Spark”
The
“Spark”
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Duchess Sophie at Sarajevo, Bosnia, on June 28th, 1914.
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - AssassinationAustrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was
killed in Bosnia by a Serbian nationalist
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Causes of WWI - Assassination
Gavrilo Princip after his assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Austria blamed Serbia for Ferdinand’s death and declared war on Serbia.
Germany pledged their support for Austria -Hungary.· example of Pan-German nationalism
Russia pledged their support for Serbia.· example of Pan-Slavic nationalism
The Point of No Return:
The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Germany declares war on Russia.
France pledges their support for Russia.
Germany declares war on France.
Germany invades Belgium on the way to France.
Great Britain supports Belgium and declares war on Germany.
World War IWorld War IWorld War IWorld War I
Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central Central PowersPowers::Central Central PowersPowers::Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
A New Kind of War
Airplanes - Dogfights
Baron Manfred Von Richthoven, a.k.a.
“The Red Baron”
German Air Ace engaged in combat
Poison Gas
Mustard Gas was first used by the German Army in September 1917. The most lethal of all the poisonous chemicals used during the war, it was almost odorless and took twelve hours to take effect.
Effects of Mustard Gas• The skin of victims of
mustard gas blistered, the eyes became very sore and they began to vomit. Mustard gas caused internal and external bleeding and attacked the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. This was extremely painful and most soldiers had to be strapped to their beds. It usually took a person four or five weeks to die of mustard gas poisoning.
Tanks
Machine GunsMachine-guns were
positioned all along the Western Front. The machine-guns in use in 1914 required a crew of three to six men and were positioned on a flat trajectory tripod.
U-Boats (Submarines)
A German propaganda poster “U-Boat Heroes!”
While the German navy was almost non-existent during the war, their U-Boats wreaked havoc in the Atlantic Ocean, trying to destroy the British naval blockade. This was unrestricted submarine warfare!
Fighting Fronts
The First Battle of the Marne
The Battle of Verdun
The Battle of the Somme
Trench Warfare
A British soldier rests after a battle in the trenches
Trenchfoot – A horrible disease
