1

TEPCO’s ALARA Program(Basic Policy of Mid- and Long-

Term Exposure Reduction)

Toshiyuki HAYASHIDATokyo Electric Power Company

Radiation Protection Group

ISOE Asian ALARA Symposium

September 12-13, 2007, Seoul, KOREA

2

Contents• TEPCO situations

– Exposure trends– ALARA activities

• Improvement of Process– Objectives and Approach– Identifying gaps– Scope of Activities

• Improved Process– Mid-/long-term dose target process

• Basic policy for mid- and long-term

– Outage dose target process

3

Profile - Location

4

TEPCO’s Nuclear Power Plants

17 BWRs including 2 ABWRs (total capacity 17,308MWe) - 28% of generation capacity - 41% of generated electricity (FY 2006)

5

TEPCO’s Nuclear Power PlantsUnit Type Capacity

(MW)

CommercialOperation　 Start

No.1 BWR-3 460 Mar.1971No.2 BWR-4 784 Jul.1974No.3 BWR-4 784 Mar.1976No.4 BWR-4 784 Oct.1978No.5 BWR-4 784 Apr.1978No.6 BWR-5 1100 Oct.1979No.1 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1982No.2 BWR-5 1100 Feb.1984No.3 BWR-5 1100 Jun.1985No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1987No.1 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1985No.2 BWR-5 1100 Sep.1990No.3 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1993No.4 BWR-5 1100 Aug.1994No.5 BWR-5 1100 Apr.1990No.6 ABWR 1356 Nov.1996No.7 ABWR 1356 Jun.1997

FukushimaDaiichi(1F)

FukushimaDaini(2F)

KashiwazakiKariwa(KK)

6

Exposure Trends in TEPCOPerson-Sv No. of Workers

Fukushima Daiichi NPS

Fukushima Daini NPS

Kashiwazaki Kariwa NPS

0

20

40

60

80

100

70 75 80 85 90 95 00 05Fical Year

Occ

upational D

ose

(Pe

rson-S

v)

0

3,000

6,000

9,000

12,000

15,000

Num

ber

of

work

ers

7

TEPCO’S ALARA Activities• Radiation Field Control

– Source term removal • Reduced corrosion products from feed water piping by

injecting oxygen

• Use of low-cobalt material

• Use of weatherproof steel in component materials for feed water and condensate system

• Dual condensate purification system

• Flushing and Chemical Decon.

– Shielding • Permanent shielding in PCV• Temporary shielding for high-radiation work

• ALARA Management

8

Annual Collective Dose

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

'80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04

Year

Per

son

-Sv

J apan USA Sweden Spain Finland France Korea

Collective Dose (Person-Sv/yr・ reactor)

FY2005 FY2006

Fukushima Daiichi （１Ｆ）

2.6 2.9

Fukushima Daini （２Ｆ）

1.1 0.9

Kashiwazaki Kariwa （ＫＫ）

1.3 0.9

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Benchmarking

Collective Dose in BWR 2003-2005 Average（ ）

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Tar

apur

Per

ry

Fuku

shim

a D

aiic

hi(6

)

Tok

ai-I

I

Qua

d C

ities

(2)

Cof

rent

es

Lagu

na V

erde

(2)

Nin

e M

ile P

oint

(2)

Rin

ghal

s

Bro

wns

Fer

ry(2

)

Col

umbi

a G

en S

ta

Ham

aoka

(4)

LaSal

le(2

)

Shi

man

e(2)

Tsu

ruga

Kuo

shen

g(2)

Fuku

shim

a D

aini

(4)

Dre

sden

(2)

Riv

er B

end(

1)

Pilg

rim(1

)

Shi

ka

Ver

mon

t Yan

kee

Pea

ch B

otto

m(2

)

Coo

per

(1)

Kas

hiw

azak

i Kar

iwa(

7)

Hop

e C

reek

Bru

nsw

ick

(2)

Gun

drem

min

gen

Npp

(2)

Chi

nsha

n(2)

Mon

ticel

lo

Clin

ton

Ferm

i

Gra

nd G

ulf

Mue

hleb

erg

Bru

nsbu

ette

l

Sus

queh

anna

(2)

Leib

stad

t

Fitz

Pat

rick

Kru

emm

el

Phi

lipps

burg

Oys

ter

Cre

ek

Dua

ne A

rnol

d

Hat

ch(2

)

San

ta M

aria

De

Gar

ona

Lim

eric

k (2

)

Isar

Osk

arsh

amn(

3)

Olk

iluot

o(2)

Fors

mar

k(3)

Ona

gaw

a(3)

Col

lect

ive

Dos

ePer

son-

(yr

reac

tor

)（

Ｓｖ／

・）

Top Quartile2nd Quartile3rd QuartileBottom Quartile

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Benchmarking

Fukushima Daiishi Fukushima Daini Kashiwazaki KariwaTomari Onagawa HigashidoriTokai- II Tsuruga1 Tsuruga2Hamaoka Shika MihamaTakahama Ooi ShimaneIkata Genkai Sendai

Ratio of Collective Dose in Japan (FY2006)

1F:26%2F:5%KK:10%TEPCO’s total:41%

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Objectives • Reshape ALARA Management by；

– Reviewing ALARA management “As-Is” process– Identifying a gap between “As-Is” and “To-Be”

process– Focusing on the interface between radiation

protection and maintenance staff at work planning and post-outage steps

Incorporating ALARA Considerations into Job

More Efficiently and Effectively!

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• The project team “Dose Target Control Peer Team” organized

• Team Members– Leader : Radiation Protection Manager(H/O)– Permanent Members : Radiation Protection,

Radiation Safety, Chemistry staff from H/O , 1F, 2F, KK

– Temporary Members: Maintenance staff from H/O,1F, 2F, KK

Approach

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Identifying Gaps

• Lack of mid- and long-term target

• Lack of inter-group communication between RP and maintenance group– Little RP staff involvement of work planning

and post-job performance review – Little chance to identify good practice and

to propose dose reduction measures for job

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Lack of Mid- / Long-term Target

Vision

Expectations from the management(Division Director,Site President)

Projection of :•Each work dose•Outage dose•Annual dose

Mid- and Long-term Dose Plan

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Lack of Interface

Annual dose plans

RWA Review / approval

Outage dose plan

Tracking dose

RWA report

Outage report

Long-term plan

Outage plan

Review detailed work schedule

Work management

Post-outage follow-up

Incorporation of lessons learned

Review main work schedule

Maintenance RP

Weak Relations

Weak Relations

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Team Vision

The Dose Target Control Peer Team facilitates

the Maintenance Department and Radiation

Control Department as they jointly define

provisions to be implemented in each step of

maintenance processes(planning, scheduling,

work and evaluation), and communicate with

each other to evaluate planned and actual

figures in dose targets, thereby achieving dose

reduction.

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Scope of Activities

Setting Outage Dose Target Process

Planning

Work

Check&Review

Follow-up Action

Setting Mid- and Long-term Dose Target Process Proposal for incorporating

dose reduction measures

Reviewing dose performance

Examining reflection items

for the next outage

Basic Policy for Mid- and Long-term Exposure

Reduction

Dose Target Plans for annual and Mid- /Long-term Exposure

Reduction

Maintenance

Process

Radiation Protection Management

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Setting Mid- / Long-term Plans

Expectedperformance

Projected performance

The world’s top XX%

The world’s top AA%

Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose

plans

Basic Policy

out

pu

t

input

Future schedule

Past performance

input

input

New processNew process

Expectations

Vision of site doseperformance

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Basic Policy

•Proposed by Radiation Protection & Management Group (head office)

•Approval of director of nuclear power plant management department(head office)

•Annually assess implementation results and determine the need for review

Setting basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction

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Basic Policy

Mid-term : collective dose three years’ average (2007-2009)

Long-term : collective dose three years’ average (2015-2017)

Mid-term : collective dose three years’ average (2007-2009)

Long-term : collective dose three years’ average (2015-2017)

Collective dose in BWR (2003-2005 Average)

Santa

Mari

a D

e G

aro

na(1

)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Tara

pur(

1)

Perr

y(1

)

Quad

Cit

ies(

2)

Tokai-

II(1

)

Fukush

ima D

aiic

hi(

6)

Lag

una V

erd

e(2

)

Cofr

ente

s(1

)

Rin

ghals

(1)

Bro

wns

Ferr

y(2

)

Clin

ton(1

)

Nin

e M

ile P

oin

t(2

)

Colu

mb

ia G

en S

ta(1

)

Shim

ane(2

)

Tsu

rug

a(1

)

Shik

a(1

)

Dre

sden(2

)

LaS

alle

(2)

Kuosh

eng

(2)

Pilg

rim

(1)

Verm

ont

Yankee(1

)

Peach

Bott

om

(2)

Fukush

ima D

ain

i(4

)

Ham

aoka(5

)

Hop

e C

reek(1

)

Kash

iwaza

ki K

ari

wa(7

)

Ferm

i(1

)

Riv

er

Bend

(1)

Coop

er(

1)

Gund

rem

min

gen N

pp

(2)

Bru

nsw

ick(2

)

Chin

shan(2

)

Monti

cello

(1)

Muehle

berg

(1)

Gra

nd

Gulf

(1)

Hatc

h(2

)

Susq

uehanna(2

)

Leib

stad

t(1

)

Fit

zPatr

ick(1

)

Kru

em

mel(

1)

Oyst

er

Cre

ek(1

)

Phili

pp

sburg

(1)

Isar(

1)

Lim

eri

ck(2

)

Duane A

rnold

(1)

Osk

ars

ham

n(3

)

Olk

iluoto

(2)

Fors

mark

(3)

Onag

aw

a(3

)

Bru

nsb

uett

el(

1)

Hig

ash

idori

(1

)

線量

　人

Ｓｖ

／年

・炉

Top Quartile2nd Quartile3rd QuartileBottom Quartile

Fukusima Daini(2F)

Kasiwazaki Kariwa(KK)

Fukusima Daiich(1F)

1F:Mid-term

1F:Long-term 2F,KK:Mid-term

2F,KK:Long-term

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Basic PolicyMid-Term Long-Term

Fukushima Daiichi (1F)

Approaches the 46th

World’s Third quartile

47th in the world

2.5 Sv/yr ・ reactor

38th in the world

1.8 Sv/yr・ reactor

Fukushima Daini (2F)

World’s Top quartile World’s Top Tenth

13th in the world

1.0 Sv/yr・ reactor0.9 Sv/yr・ reactor

Kashiwazaki Kariwa (KK)

World’s Top quartile World’s Top Tenth

13th in the world

1.0 Sv/yr・ reactor0.9 Sv/yr・ reactor

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Mid- / Long-term and Annual Dose Plans

• Aim at a basic policy of mid- and long-term (expected performance)

• Proposed by Radiation Safety Group (Site)

• Approval of Site President

• Annually review

• Site president assesses “projected performance” by comparing with “expected performance”, and decides “vision of site dose performance”.

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Interface between Maintenance and RP

Mid- /Long-term andMid- /Long-term and annual dose plansannual dose plans

RWA Review / approval

Outage dose plan

Tracking dose

RWA report

Outage reportOutage report

RP proposalRP proposal

Involved in work scheduleInvolved in work schedule

Long-term plan

Outage plan

Review detailed work schedule

Work management

Post-outage follow-up

Incorporation of lessons learned

Review main work schedule

Maintenance RP

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RP Proposal

• Proposed dose reduction measures to maintenance team before outage contract

• RP Proposal– Effecting long-term or short-term(outage)

maintenance plans– For selected job (High radiation work)– Based on lessons learned at former outage

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Involvement in Work Schedule• RP share information of detailed work

schedule with maintenance team and contractors.

• RP involvement– Suggestions for rearranging the work steps

which achieve significant dose reduction.– Providing dose information of the same

operation areas to maintenance team and contractors (Each job process optimally planned from the perspective of dose reduction).

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Outage Report• Prepared by RP at post-outage follow-

up step and report out to maintenance team

• Including what maintenance team expect to know about outage jobs

• Involving following information – Dose performance of selected jobs– Proposals for dose reduction measures

that should be reflected to the next outage or other plants

– Punch lists for the proposal.

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Implementation Program

• Outage dose target process– Trial implemented last year (FY2006)

• Selected a couple of high radiation jobs of each trial plants

• The trial result is being evaluating.

– Full implementation began in April (FY2007)• Coverage is high radiation jobs of each plants

• Mid- and long-term dose target process– Began in April (FY2007)

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Summary

• The basic policy for mid- and long-term exposure reduction was decided.

• Setting “targets” in the basic policy as well as mid/long-term and annual plans,there was clarified the expectation of the management and the vision of exposure reduction.

• “Mid- and long-term dose target process” and “Outage dose target process” began in April (FY2007)