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Technologies For Critical Incident Preparedness

Michael Matthews

Program Analyst/Meteorologist

Infrastructure & Geophysical Division

Science and Technology Directorate

Department of Homeland Security

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Customers

Infrastructure & Geophysical Division Basic Research Program

Critical Infrastructure ProtectionOffice of Infrastructure Protection

Incident Management and Geophysical (Natural Hazards)Federal Emergency Management Agency

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Kentucky Critical Infrastructure Protection Program (KCI)

2004-2008

Solutions to Protect the Nation

For Official Use Only

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KCI Mission

Develop and Deploy solutions that protect and preserve the critical infrastructures of the nation’s communities.

• Commercialize and deploy solutions to secure communities across the country

• Critical Infrastructures:

• Water – Agriculture & Food – banking & Finance – Chemical – Commercial facilities – Dams – Defense Industrial Base – Emergency Services – Energy – Government facilities – Information Technology – National Monuments & Icon – Nuclear Reactors, materials, waste – Postal & Shipping – Public Health & Healthcare – Telecommunications – Transportation -

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Kentucky CIP National Institute for Hometown Security

• 22 funded projects:

• TODAY: Focus on four: • Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center

• Real-Time, 3-D Finger and Palm-Print Scanner for Entry and Access Portal Security

• Reduction of the Explosion Potential of Ammonium Nitrate by Coating with Low-cost, Coal Combustion Byproducts

• Milk Transport Security System

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South East Region Research Initiative(SERRI)

Community-Based, Regionally-Deployed Solutions to Homeland Security Challenges

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Assist State, local, and tribal leaders within the Southeast Region in developing tools and methods required to anticipate and forestall terrorist events and to enhance disaster response.

SERRI Program Goal

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South East Region Research Initiative (SERRI)

• 40 projects funded in FY06-07:

• TODAY: Focus on four: • Community & Regional Resilience (CARRI)

• Real-time Identification and Monitoring of Barge-Carried Hazardous Commodities

• A Simulation Environment for Planning, Training, and Assessment of Emergency Response and Evacuation Capabilities at High Consequence Sports Events

• Resilient Homes Initiative

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What We’re Doing • Projects our customers have asked for that will make a

difference…

• Customer – Office of Infrastructure Protection

• Customer - FEMA

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Protection Against Blast & Impact

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Protection Against Blast & Impact

• Reducing the explosion potential of Ammonium Nitrate by Coating with low-cost, coal combustion by-products

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Uncoated Coated

Uncoated & Coated AN

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• 576 known dead

• Extensive damage throughout the city

Texas City Waterway Explosion 3,130 Tons of Ammonium Nitrate

The equivalent of two barges of

ammonium nitrate.

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Real-Time ID & Monitoring of Barges Across Inland Waterways

• The threat…• 800,000 daily shipments of hazardous materials equating to 3.9 billion tons

move across US inland waterways annually

• In 2005, over 40,000 barges carried hazardous materials – that’s over 100 shipments each day

• The problem…• There are various systems that track barges and they are not connected –

interoperable and tracking and reporting requirements are different.

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Why Track Barges?

Hazardous Chemical Shipments

U.S. Department of Transportation. October 1998. Hazardous Materials Shipments.

Trucks Rail Waterway

445,218 Daily Shipments 3,723 Daily Shipments 82 Daily Shipments

808,662 Daily Tons 335,070 Daily Tons 181,279 Daily Tons

1.8 Tons per shipment 90 Tons per shipment 2211 Tons per shipment

Protect the most attractive targets, and avoid the greatest consequences.

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Protection Against Blast & Impact• The solution

• Develop and field test a prototype system that provides more accurate, uniform, and timely data on hazardous movements by barges, especially Hazardous Cargo

• To enhance DHS capability of detecting potential threats related to dangerous cargo in the US inland river system, preventing and deterring terrorist attacks by early response, and making immediate and appropriate responses to disasters with accurate real-time information at the barge level.

Official Use Only

Official Use Only

Tanker Barges• 450,000+ gallon capacity• May be pushed with other

commodities• Each barge has a different

destination

Towboat

• Different boats will push the barges over different sections of the river.

Official Use Only

Official Use OnlyBrowns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant

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• A Simulation Environment for Planning, Training, and Assessment of Emergency Response and Evacuation Capabilities at High Consequence Sport Events

Protecting People A SERRI Research Initiative

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Protecting People A SERRI Research Initiative

University of Southern Mississippi Stadium

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Helping First Responders… … so they can help us

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Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center * Have developed and deployed this solution

Transport and Tactical Operations Environments

MITOCMITOCRadio Interoperability

Voice, Fax, Data, and Software applications

Sensors, Robots,, Cameras, UAV

Satellite, cellular, phone, and Ethernet connectivity

MESH WLAN

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Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center The benefit and value

MITOC Heavy truck, RV or bus chassis

Cost

Flexibility

Maneuverability

Complexity

$30-100K

Goes in anything - SUV, pick-up, trailerand is modularTurns on a dime!

Easy-to-use bynon-experts

$300K - $1.6 million (above ex.)

Fixed equipment - Truck breaks or wrecks - no communications!

Debris and high water an issue

CDL driver – need trained operators.

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Man-Portable Tactical Operations Center Official deployment

• Supported Joint ESU• Provided Internet backbone for sensor network• Tested MESH wireless net• Provided remote weather station for plume modeling• Provided radio interoperability• Provided field command post

Joint ESU Incident Command PostKentucky Derby and Oaks 2005/2006

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Prototype Palm Scanner Faster & more accurate fingerprinting method

Inside the Black Box

Outside the Black Box

Palm Scan

Bottom View

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Prototype Palm Scanner Faster fingerprinting method

• Traditional fingerprinting• Inked finger on a paper sheet

• Palm Scanner• Computer-controlled high performance cameras

• State-of-the-art structured light illumination methodology

• Acquire a 3-D handprint

• Recorded print is dependent on the finger print ridge depth

• A digital analogy to this traditional process

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Milk Transport Security System

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HAND HELD DEVICE

WIRELESS (Bluetooth) COMMUNICATION

BARCODE

FARM BULK MILK TANK

BARCODE

MILK HAULER/ SAMPLER

MANUAL ENTRY OF MILK DATA

PRINTERS FOR SAMPLE LABELS AND MILK TICKET

BARCODE READER

Milk Transport Security SystemCELL PHONE COMMUNICATION

DATA SERVER

WIRELESS (WiFi)

SECURITY MONITORING SYSTEMMILK TRANSPORT TANK

BARCODE

BARCODE

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Protecting CommunitiesSERRI - CARRI

• Report: National Science & Technology Subcommittee on Disaster reduction 2008

• 22 Federal Departments & Agencies Identified “6” Grand Challenges

1. Provide hazard and disaster information where and when it is needed 2. Understand the natural processes that produce hazards 3. Develop strategies and technologies to reduce the impact of extreme

events on the built environment and vulnerable ecosystems4. Reduce the vulnerability of infrastructure 5. Develop standardized methods for communities to measure and

assess disaster resilience across multiple hazards - A key step is developing and distributing assessment tools that can be used to set priorities.

6. Promote risk-wise behavior

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Resilient Communities…Resilient Regions…Resilient Nation.Resilient Communities…Resilient Regions…Resilient Nation.

CARRI is a national resource to assist communities to achieve disaster resilience through strong community networks, regional cooperation, private sector participation, neighborhood initiative, focused research and federal involvement.

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• Resilience: a community or region’s capability to prepare for, respond to, and recover from significant multi-hazard threats with minimum damage to public safety and health, the economy, and national security.• Prevents and mitigates cascading failures, often

characteristic of critical infrastructure impacts• Minimizes disruption to life and economies

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• Establishing a basis for a national program

• Goals

• Understand and Measure Community Resilience

• Develop Community Resilience Processes

• Build a Community Action Resilience Toolbox

• Research

• Recognized Experts

• Interdisciplinary

• Scientific Basis

• Community Partners

• Real-world experience

• Best Practices & Lessons Learned

• Public and Private Sectors

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• What the community receives

• Identification of critical community dependencies and interdependencies• Resilience tools, practices, networks and technologies• Community-developed resilience plan• Core group of resilience stakeholders, planners, educators to make the results

enduring

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Tennessee Valley Region

Southeast Seaboard

Gulf Coast

• Manageable mini-regions

• Economically connected

• Critical to the region• Vital to the Nation

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Community & Regional Resilience InitiativeResiliency – Protection Continuum

Ca

pa

city

(S

ect

or

N)

TimeDisruptiveEvent(s)

Capacity to meetNew DemandLevelRes

ilien

ce

Area = Lossesdue to downtimeC

ap

aci

ty (

Se

cto

r N

)

TimeDisruptiveEvent(s)

ResponseTime

Redundancy

Harden

Rate of Recovery

Capacity to meetNew DemandLevel

Area = Lossesdue to downtime

Monitor, Predict, Prevent, Prepare, Train & Exercise

Criteria for Success – Solutions are:• Practical• Effective• Affordable• Sustainable• Attractive in the marketplace

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Regional Resilience Impact…

Social andEconomic

Loss

Resilience Cost A

voidance

Community/RegionFunctionalCapacity

TimeCatastrophic

Event

Response Recovery

?

?

Resilient C

omm

unity/R

egion

Regional Resilience is an Economic DriverModel: Dr. Mary Ellen Hynes, DHS (2001); Blair Ross, ORNL

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• Defining “resilient communities”

• ANTICIPATE problems, opportunities, potentials for surprises• Integrate economic, social, ecological, and political community domains into planning, preparedness, and response• Establish critical mass of cooperative organizations to implement and evaluate local-based initiatives• Use strategic planning to maximize time and energy on maximum benefit areas• Merge social and economic goals

• REDUCE VULNERABILITIES related to development, socio-economic conditions, threats• Build local capacity (disaster response, economic, social)• Address interdependencies, preventing cascading failures characteristic of critical infrastructure impacts• Build redundancy where possible

• RESPOND effectively, fairly and legitimately• Employ strong and efficient systems to minimize loss of life and economic vitality• Mobilize key community sectors and internal assets around priorities• Leverage outset resources against goals

• RECOVER rapidly, safely, and fairly• Focus on areas that yield the greatest overall benefits• Adapt and evolve while maintaining integrity of community character and goals

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A Resilient Community

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Public Utilities:• Materiel Stockpiles

• Continuity of Operations Plans

Infrastructure:• Built to Code

• “Hardened” to recurringconcerns

Medical:• Materiel Stockpiles

• Integrated Plans for Mass Casualties

• Patient transport andEvacuation

First Responders(LE, Fire, EM, etc):

• Equipped and Trained• Interoperable Communications

• Information Sharing• Jointly Exercised

Local Authorities:• Emergency ManagementFacilities and Procedures

• Disaster ResponseTrained and Exercised

TRADITIONALPILLARS

Neighborhoods:• Organized for Evacuation

• Family DisasterPlans

Schools:• Evacuation Plans

• Facility Plans for use asShelter/Mass Care

NGOs/Volunteers:• Organized

• Trained• Integrated• Exercised

Academic Institutions:• Specialized programs for:

• Managers• Responders

• NGOs/Volunteers

GRASS ROOTSRESOURCES

Community ActionResilience Toolbox

• Technologies• Planning and Preparation

• Shared Knowledge• Tested Procedures

EmergencyResponse Augmentation:

• LE/Public Order• Search and Rescue• Mass Casualty Care

• Evacuee SupportInfrastructure Restoration:

• Debris Removal• Equipment/Materiel Stockpiles

• Trade/Technical Skilled Workers• Emergency Housing

Recovery Support:• Emergency Financing

• Reconstruction Asset Coordination•Public/Private Sector Integration

• Continuing Engagement

OVER THEHORIZONCoordinated,

Regionally Available Assets andResources

Financial Sector: Continuity of Service/

Access Recovery Financing

Manufacturers:• Continuity of

Operations Plans• Corporate support

coordination

Retailers:• Plans for Emergency

Provision of Necessities/Commodities

Chamberof Commerce:

Informed and organizedprivate sector

BUSINESSCOMMUNITY

Plans for Continuity/Recovery

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Source: www.mississippicasinos.com

Source: Josh Norman, Episcopal Relief and Development, www.er-d.org

“Normally it is left up to us first responders to put Humpty Dumpty back together again. We can only do so much; it has to be a community effort, both government and the private sector.

We didn't build our cities by government alone, and when something BIG happens, government will never be able to do it alone.”

Fire Chief Pat Sullivan Gulfport, MS

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Resilient Home ProgramResilient Home Program

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Devastating effects of natural disasters

HUGO: Destroyed 11% of homes in Charleston area,

severely damaged 32% more

ANDREW: Destroyed or severely damaged > 100,000 homes in FL

KATRINA: Destroyed 350,000 homes, damaged nearly 500,000 more; millions of pounds of contaminants (e.g., arsenic) released

CHARLESTON EARTHQUAKE (1886): Caused damage equivalent to 25% of value of all structures in city

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Goal

This home was completely under water due to Katrina. Two years later the homeowner was still living in the

FEMA trailer.

Rebuilding after a natural disaster takes ~ 8 years.

BUT, many homeowners don’t have resources to wait.

RESULT: the community is crippled.

SHORT-TERM: make existing home habitable; speed assessment to get resources to homeowner.

LONG-TERM: rebuild more robustly.

Speed community recovery by slashing the timeframe for rebuilding, and getting the homeowner back into

the home as soon as possible.

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Helping the homeowner – helps the community!

PreventionIdentify vulnerabilitiesImprove survivability

ResponseGet homeowner back

into the existing home

AssessmentAssess damage /

contaminationGet resources to

homeowner

RebuildingRebuild a more durable

and efficient home

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Resilient Home ProgramPath Forward

• Home construction certification• Already, over a dozen homebuilders have asked to

participate• Engaging insurers

• Mold prevention and detection• ORNL-developed instrument showing promise for

rapid assessment• Tuskegee, MSU, SRNL progress on prevention,

cleanup

• Homeowner educational materials• NCSU, SRNL working with FEMA