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1 Take out storyboard for a stamp What will we learn today? What will we learn today? 10.3.6 Communism as opposed to capitalism 10.5.3 How the Russian Revolution affected WWI 10.6.3 Disillusionment and the void filled by dictators 10.7.1 Causes and consequences of the Russian Revolution 10.7.2 Trace Stalins rise to power and analyze his regime 10.7.3 The rise, aggression, and human costs of totalitarian regimes. Pretend you are Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union. You are very paranoid and always worried about being overthrown. You want to keep yourself in power and limit opposition. What steps might you take?

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Define totalitarianism. Describe Stalins goal of transforming the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state. Summarize Stalins state-controlled economic program. Describe Soviet daily life.

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Why does control of education help totalitarian regimes become successful?Why does control of education help totalitarian regimes become successful?

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After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.After Lenin died, Stalin seized power and transformed the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state.

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Lenin died in 1924 3.5 million visited his body Lenins body was embalmed and tomb became a shrine. His brain was sliced into 30,000 segments and stored for future study! Statues erected everywhere, Petrograd was renamed Leningrad, streets and institutions named after him.

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Lenins body is preserved in Red Square- still there today and open to the public!

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Leon Trotsky Joseph Stalin After Lenin, there was intense competition for who would rule the Communist Party

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Young Stalin Borat

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Victor Ruelas & Joseph Stalin

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Changed his name to Stalin, meaning the man of steel in Russian Came from a poor working-class background. Initially trained to be a priest but was drawn into the world of revolutionaries. Read Lenins works. Joined the Bolshevik Party around 1902, raiding banks to raise money. Arrested and exiled to Siberia several times between 1902 and 1913, escaping 5 times.

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Forced Leon Trotsky into exile so he faced no threats Stalin, Lenins successor, dramatically transformed the government of the Soviet Union Used tactics to rid himself of any opposition Worked to establish total control over all aspects of life in the Soviet Union Controlled govt, economy, aspects of private life

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Stalin Speaking

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Trotskys grave in Coyoacn, DF, Mexico

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Ice Axe

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Totalitarianism is a form of government in which the national government takes control of all aspects of both public and private life

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Unites people Forces popular support Exercises absolute authority Dominates government Invokes fear to keep control

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Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth groups

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Where is Lenins body today? Under Red Square

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Who was most qualified to be the next leader of the USSR? Trotsky

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What did Stalin do to Trotsky? Exiled, then murder him

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Use one word to describe Totalitarianism: Mr. Robinsons word: controlling

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Use of intimidation Censorship Persecution Secret Police Brain wash

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Demand loyaltyDemand loyalty Denies basic libertiesDenies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the stateExpects personal sacrifice for the good of the state

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Forced into a specific job and expected to meet quotas Forced into a specific job and expected to meet quotas

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Food for the state before food for an individual and their family Food for the state before food for an individual and their family

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Encouraged to expose those who do not follow the rules Encouraged to expose those who do not follow the rules Secret Police Secret Police

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Brain wash Brain wash Government controlled all education from nursery schools through universities Government controlled all education from nursery schools through universities Trained youths to be future party members Trained youths to be future party members

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USSR Parade and the Secret Police

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GULAG-Could be sent to labor camps at any moment even if no crime was committed GULAG-Could be sent to labor camps at any moment even if no crime was committed

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Particular obstructive workers who refuse to submit to disciplinary measures will be subject, as non- workers, to discharge and confinement in concentration camps. Vladimir Lenin, Decree of November 14th, 1919

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Life in a gulag

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Prisoner labor at a gulag

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Religion is not allowed, Communism is your religion Religion is not allowed, Communism is your religion Ethnic and religious persecution Ethnic and religious persecution NO RELIGION NO RELIGION STALIN IS GOD STALIN IS GOD

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Strict censorship Strict censorship Personal messages are not private Personal messages are not private Government controlled all newspapers, radio broadcasts, cinema, literature and art Government controlled all newspapers, radio broadcasts, cinema, literature and art

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Stalin http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=09D3D QCz5g4&feature=related Friends Friends http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOzYT4lc XuM Animal Farm Comparison Animal Farm Comparison http://barney.gonzaga.edu/~sbennet3/mea d/lessonplans/animalfarm.htm

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Stalin imposed control over the economy. Goals of five-year plans Build heavy industry Improve transportation Increase farm output Command economy: government officials make all basic economic decisions Joseph Stalin

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Oil, coal, and steel production grew. Standard of living remained low as did wages. Workers not allowed to strike Central planning often inefficient consumer products scarce (clothing, cars, etc.)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_DaMKUP3Og capitalism

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"To whom goes all national profits? In the CCCP, to the workers."

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Government control of agriculture Collectives: large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group State set prices and access to supplies Peasants who did not want to give up their land resisted the collectives. Love Your Motherland

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Stalin blamed kulaks, wealthy farmers, for resistance killed or sent to labor camps Peasants rebelled by growing only enough food for themselves. In response, Stalin took their food to meet industrial goals = Terror Famine "We farmers, on the basis of complete collectivization, will liquidate the kulaks as a class."

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Confiscating hidden grain

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Corpses of starved peasants in the Soviet Ukraine

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Victim of famine

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Child victim of famine

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Some turned to cannibalism to survive http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=IfVq3ET- uDA

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Crimes against humanity Resisters to the regime sent to the Gulag, brutal labor camps Great Purge: Stalin cracked down on Old Bolsheviks and others who didnt support him, putting them on trial and sending them to the Gulag Millions died

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Annual average temperature about 0 C (32 F) and roughly 15 C With a lowest record temperature of 96.2 F has the distinction of being the coldest town on Earth.

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Have you ever been late to work? In the Stalin era, a person who arrived late to work three times could be sent to the Gulag for three years. Have you ever told a joke about a government official? In the Stalin era, many were sent to the Gulag for up to 25 years for telling an innocent joke about a Communist Party official. If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest? In the Stalin era, a person could be sent to the Gulag for up to ten years for such petty theft.

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Maria Tchebotareva Trying to feed her four hungry children during the massive 1932-1933 famine, the peasant mother allegedly stole three pounds of rye from her former fieldconfiscated by the state as part of collectivization. Soviet authorities sentenced her to ten years in the Gulag. When her sentence expired in 1943, it was arbitrarily extended until the end of the war in 1945. After her release, she was required to live in exile near her Gulag camp north of the Arctic Circle, and she was not able to return home until 1956, after the death of Stalin. Maria Tchebotareva never found her children after her release.

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Ivan Burylov Seeking the appearance of democracy, the Soviet Union held elections, but only one Communist Party candidate appeared on the ballot for each office. Fear of punishment ensured that nearly all Soviet citizens voted by taking their ballot and ceremoniously placing it into a ballot box. In 1949, Ivan Burylov, a beekeeper, protested this absurd ritual by writing the word Comedy on his secret ballot. Soviet authorities linked the ballot to Burylov and sentenced him to eight years in camps for this crime.

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Attempted to brainwash through the use of radio, movies, & schools Attempted to brainwash through the use of radio, movies, & schools Censorship controlled books, music, and art Censorship controlled books, music, and art Attempted to show Soviet life in a positive light to promote communism Attempted to show Soviet life in a positive light to promote communism

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Soviet Propaganda Poster Look Me in the Eyes and Tell Me Honestly: Who is your friend? Who is your enemy? You have no friends among capitalists. You have no enemies among the workers. Only in a union of the workers of all nations will you be victorious over capitalism and liberated from exploitation. Down with national antagonisms! Workers of the world unite!

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Strengthen hold on peoples minds by destroying their religious faith Atheism, the belief that there is no god, was the state policy. Replaced religion with Communist ideology (sacred text: Marx and Lenins writings, shrine: Lenins tomb, religious icons: portraits of Stalin)

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Stalin not only eliminated people who spoke out against the Communist Partys policies he also worked to erase any traces that they even existed in the first place.

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Is This Really Communism? Communism PeasantsCommunistsMilitary leadersBusiness managers Soviet Society Under Stalin Communists Military leaders Business managers Peasants

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Soviet Society BenefitsDrawbacks Free schooling Programs outside of school (sports) Free medical care Inexpensive housing Public recreation Taught communist values (atheism, glory of collective farming, love of Stalin) Housing scarce Most food in short supply

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What is the most effective way to brain wash society? In elementary school

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What do you think was the worst hardship that the people of the USSR faced? ???

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Why did Stalin tap phones and read mail? To make people afraid to protest

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Why did Stalin outlaw religion? He didnt want any competition.

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Were Stalins Five Year Plans successful? Yes, but at a great cost to human life.

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How did Stalin attempt to increase farming production? Collective farms: he moved Russians onto huge farms against their will.

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What impact did the Great Purge have on the Russian people? Millions of Russians were murdered or jailed.

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An allegory for the Russian Revolution and Soviet Communism.

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Czar Nicolas II Karl Marx/Lenin Communism Trotsky Joseph Stalin Propaganda Department Secret Police (Cheka) Selfish people of Russia Dedicated worker, but tricked by Communism Skeptical people in and out of Russia