1 STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHYFARMING Lesley Monk Balfron High School Shelagh Hansom Dunblane High School Diane Smith Arbroath High School Session 2004/5/6

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STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHYFARMING

Lesley Monk

Balfron High School

Shelagh Hansom

Dunblane High School

Diane Smith

Arbroath High School

Session 2004/5/6

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This slide-show is on the Prepwork folder if you wish to copy any notes from it; we will not be stopping in

class for you to do this.

This topic is about farming and rural issues, mainly in the United Kingdom.

Some of the principles will apply to other countries, but all your examples will be from the UK.

Farming is an industry, but it is

a special type.Don’t use it in

an industry question!

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There are three main

types of farming in Britain. What are

they?

Turn to page 91 of the Human texbook. Read the three definitions in section 12A.

Try the exercise on the next slide.

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Match the farming type to the appropriate meaning and copy them all into your jotter.

Arable Farms - a combination of arable and livestock although one or the other may dominate

Livestock Farms - farms growing crops e.g. barley, wheat or potatoes

Mixed Farms - farms that rear animals e.g. sheep and cattle

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Draw out a table with three headings, shown below.

Using the choices box on the next slide, fit each item into its category.

MIXED FARMS

ARABLE FARMS

LIVESTOCK FARMS

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PIGS BARLEY AND SHEEP

OATS FOR PORRIDGE POULTRY

DAIRY AND WHEAT BEEF CATTLE

CARROTS AND TURNIPS APPLES

SHEEP RAPESEED HAY

OATS AND BEEF CATTLE LETTUCES

OSTRICH POTATOES

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Farming or agriculture is the growing of crops and rearing of animals. We study farming in Geography for two main reasons firstly- we need farms to provide us with most of the food which we eat, and secondly- farmland takes up a large amount of the land surface in Britain.

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Farmers need to make a decision about what type of farm is best suited to their land.

The decisions on ‘what to farm’ are

based on a combination of factors

which can be classified as either physical or human

factors.

Physical Factors

1

Read through your handout and then fill in the blanks using the words in the box on the next slide.

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Minimum arable temperatures pastoral thin 250mm machinery marshy 500mm rainfall fertile

sunshine cold

Human Factors

2

Read through your handout and then fill in the blanks using the words in the box on the next slide.

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Milking equipment encourage milk workforce profit combine harvesters

regular machines surpluses

Hint: This question is worth 6 marks so make sure you include 6 relevant, well developed points.

Beware: You will get a maximum of 4 marks if you fail to mention both physical and human factors, even if you make 6 correct points.

What are the physical and human factors that are important to arable farming?

(6 Marks KU)

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Farming in the UK

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We have looked at the physical and human factors that influence where each type of farming takes place. Now we will look at the geographical pattern of farming types in the UK

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Arable Farming

It is located in areas where there is deep, fertile soil and the land is quite flat. It needs a relatively dry climate, reliable rain in the growing season, warm summers and frost in the winter to break up the soil are also necessary. Locations: E & SE England, E Scotland

Copy these notes and

discuss

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Arable Farming

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Hill Sheep FarmingIt is located in areas where the land is unsuitable for growing crops due to the poor climate, the steepness of the slope or the poor soil quality.Sheep are hardier animals and can cope with colder, wetter and windier conditions.

Locations: Mountainous areas in the North and West of Scotland Copy these

notes and discuss

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Hill Sheep Farming

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Cattle FarmingDairy Farming It is located in areas with flat land, fertile well-drained soils, high-quality grass, mild winters and reliable rainfall. Dairy farms also need to be located close to urban markets.

Locations: Western parts of England, Scotland and Wales


discuss

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Dairy Cattle Farming

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Beef Cattle Farming

It is located in areas with fairly gentle slopes, medium fertile soils, fairly high rainfall and milder temperatures.

Locations: Lowland areas in England, Wales and Scotland


discuss

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Market Gardening

Read section 12F page 92 of The Human Environment.

Fill in the Market Gardening box on your handout in a similar way to the 3 we have just completed together.

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MarketGardening

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Two British Farms

Farm A Farm BHeight 350m 25m

Slope Mostly Steep Mostly Flat

Soil Shallow and infertile

Deep and fertile

Rainfall 1500mm per year 500mm per year

Jan Temperature 2°C 5°C

July Temperature 13°C 17°C

Which of the two farms is likely to be a sheep farm? Give reasons for your answer.

Try to use all the information you are given.

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The Farming System

Take a new page in your jotter. Put ‘A Farm System’ as your title and

copy the sentence below:

Farming works as a system with inputs, processes and outputs.

Look at the animation on the next slide. You will get to see it a few times if needed.

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Physical Inputs Human/Economic Inputs

Processes

Arable Farm

Pastoral Farm

Outputs Outputs


Copy thisdiagramTake a

full page

Make the boxes quite

big!

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Put the words in the box below into the correct part of the farming system flowchart you have just drawn.

milking wool planting soil relief dipping meat barley land machinery selling seeds fodder crops climate potatoes fruit

feedstuffs fertilisers animals milk spraying buildings planting beans shearing transport labour peas

harvesting calving chemicals ploughing medicines weeding

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Land-Use Patterns on a Farm

• Read section 12J page 93 of ‘The Human Environment’

• Task 1: Sketch in your jotter a diagram similar to Figure 12.5

• Task 2: Annotate your diagram using ideas found in 12J

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The Changing Face of Farming

Like all businesses, farming has changed greatly over the last 50 years. These changes have affected methods,

organisation, farm output, labour, farming landscapes and the overall

status of farming.

There are 3 factors that have been important in causing these changes. Try to guess what they are from the

following slides.

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Mechanisation

•More machines has meant that less labour is needed

•Field sizes have had to increase to allow the large machines room to operate

•This means that hedges have been removed

•Farms have amalgamated because more work can be done quickly by the machines

•Big buildings have been built to store the machinery


discuss

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•A lot of farmers now use computers

•There are now better medicines and vaccines for animals

•There are new and improved seeds available

•Chemical fertilisers and insecticides are used by many farmers

•These improvements in technology have all helped to improve output, reduce costs and increase profit

Improved Technology

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Corehouse Farm B&B

Accommodation near Lanark

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.theinvestor.tv/lifestyle/images/golf%2520course.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.theinvestor.tv/lifestyle/Miami.htm&h=480&w=573&sz=136&tbnid=UyafNdZt0R8J:&tbnh=109&tbnw=131&hl=en&start=1&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dgolf%2Bcourse%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D

http://images.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.elmcottagecp.co.uk/photographs/view-north-from-snug.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.elmcottagecp.co.uk/maps.htm&h=450&w=600&sz=47&tbnid=kFklBKgwIAQJ:&tbnh=99&tbnw=133&hl=en&start=10&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dcaravan%2Bsite%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG

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WILD FARM COTTAGE

A unique holiday experience

£95 per night for up to two people.

£15 extra per night per adult after

that, up to 8 people.


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To increase profits farmers have started adding non-farming land-uses to their farms – often

linked to the leisure and tourist industry. Fields transformed into golf courses or bike/rally tracks Farm cottages converted into holiday homes Areas used for campsites Farmhouses offering B&B accommodation

DiversificationCopy these notes and

discuss

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Study the picture in your handout, read the poem and then answer the questions.

Extension: Try to think of some ways that you would collect data to show what changes have occurred on a farm over the last 20 years.

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Agribusinesses These changes have all meant that farming is no longer run as a small-scale family business.

Many modern farms are very large and are owned by a commercial company or group of investors who invest money in the farm as a business in order to make profits.

These types of farms are called agribusinesses. They are run by a farm manager who does not own the farm.

What are the disadvantages of running a farm as an Agribusiness?


discuss

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Now watch the video called;-

New Countryside

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Work through the questions on the worksheet. They

cover everything you have learned so far in the farming

unit.

How much can you remember?

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Influence of the European Union on farming in the UK

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

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The 3 aims of the CAP

To protect farmers’ incomes

To maintain steady &

reasonable prices for customers

To increase production to

provide sufficient food supplies


discuss

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How Did the CAP achieve these aims?

Subsidies and Grants

Money to farmers for every sheep

and cow owned

The EU guaranteed to buy unlimited amounts of

crops at a minimum price from farmers


discuss

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Results…

Butter mountain

Milk lake

Grain over-production


discuss

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Problems with the CAP in the 1970’s and 1980’s

1. 70% of the EU budget was spent supporting farming when farming only provided 5% of the EC’s total income

2. Surpluses were created e.g:

The butter, beef and cereal ‘mountains’

The milk and wine ‘lakes’

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Set-Aside and Quotas

Set-aside is when farmers are paid to not grow crops on a certain acreage of

their farm

Read page 102, section

13F and make a note

of what a QUOTA is

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Farmers have been given grants to

improve the environment, for example they are

paid not to use chemicals on their

farms. This has encouraged a new

type of farming called organic farming.

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Play the game

‘Farming Dominoes’

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Further work- if time allows or for revision.

Do I have to do this work?

If you want to be one ofthese!

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Read the textbook pages 108-111.

Do task 1 .

Then try the core questions- you will get a bonus if you add reasons for the answers if not asked for.

Remember the difference between

DESCRIBE questions and EXPLAIN

questions?

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Read the textbook pages 112-114.

Do task 2 .

Try any or all of the extension questions on page 112 that you like.

The last section is about ENQUIRY SKILLS.

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Copy the table of skills called figure 11.1 on page

86

Note the proper names of the skills involved; they are in bold text.

Discuss the section about preparing

an interview

Answer the questions on the next slide about the interview recording sheet. You do not need to write the answers down!

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1.Why might the first two questions not be much use in some parts of Scotland?

2.What else could you add to make the answer to Q3 of more use?

3.Why are questions 4,5,6 and 9 not well worded? (Hint; what answer might the farmer give that is almost useless to you?)

4.What do the terms drainage and relief mean?

5.Try to think of another three good questions to put to this farmer.

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GRAPHSRemind yourself of where you use a line graph as opposed to a bar graph.

Why is a multiple kind of graph sometimes better than a single?

What are you trying to find out by drawing a pie graph?

What important words therefore should your justifications have in them? See the next slide!

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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN

COMPARISONOR

CONTRASTPATTERN OF CHANGES

JUSTIFICATION

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Use the questions in the book to test your understanding of this section.

Your teacher will decide which questions you are to try- F,G or C.

Answer in proper sentences in your jotter.

You might be asked to do this for homework.

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THE END

Documents

1 STANDARD GRADE GEOGRAPHYFARMING Lesley Monk Balfron High School Shelagh Hansom Dunblane High School Diane Smith Arbroath High School Session 2004/5/6