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Solids, Liquids & Gases
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CAN YOU SEE?
macroscopic microscopic
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CAN YOU SEE?
macroscopic microscopic
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Scientific Model
= solid
to represent the real thing
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Scientific Model
to represent the real thing
= water molecule
=
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Scientific Model
to represent the real thing
= sodium atom
=
The Particulate Model of Matter
Liquid Solid Gas
These particles, they move!
Particulate Model of Matter
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Kinetic Particle Theory
ALL matter is made of
moving molecules
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Kinetic Particle Theory
Matter is made up of small particles which are in constant
and random motion.
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Diffusion
Diffusion is a process by which particles of matter move from
a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration.
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Diffusion
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Diffusion
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Factors affecting Diffusion#1: Temperature
The higher the temperature, the faster the particles move, the faster the rate of diffusion
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Factors affecting Diffusion#2: Mass of particles
The smaller the mass, the faster the particles diffuse
*How to calculate relative molecular mass?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Gas= flowing water molecule
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Liquid= flowing water molecule
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Solid= vibrating water molecule
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Hold on a second!
19YES !!!
Are you telling me that
ICE CUBES are actually vibrating ?
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macroscopic
Can you see ice cubes vibrate when they are becoming flowing water ?
NO
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macroscopic microscopic
vibrating
flowing
But are ice cubes actually vibrating when they are becoming flowing water ?
YES
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During melting,
ice cubes are vibrating
to break the attractive force
that holds water molecules together
to become flowing water.
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Whois
HOT???
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100 °C
0 °C
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Higher Temperature
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Kinetic Energy ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Motion ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
VibrateFlowat fixed position
Slow Fast
all over the place
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Attractive Force ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Shape ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
Fixed Changingwith the shape of container
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Distance between Molecules ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
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Kinetic Model of Matter
? Can be Compressed ?
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Kinetic Model of Matter
NO NOYES!
? Can be Compressed ?
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Pressure
Speed of molecular motion
Distance between molecules
Possible misconceptions
Substances are coloured.
BUT are particles of matter coloured
too?
Possible misconceptionsSubstances can feel hot or cold.
BUT are the particles hot or cold too?
Possible misconceptionsSubstances expand
when heated.
Do the particles grow in size?
A graph of temperature against time to represent the heating of ice
Initial Temp
100(b.p.)
Temperature (oC)
Time (min)
Heating curve of ICE
0(m.p.)
AA
BB CC
DD EE
FF
SOLIDSOLID
SOLID + LIQUIDSOLID + LIQUID
LIQUIDLIQUID
LIQUID + GASLIQUID + GAS
GASGAS
MELTING processMELTING processBOILING processBOILING process
