INDICES

The first rule: an x am = am+n

The second rule: (an)m = amn

The third rule: am an = am-n

The fourth rule: ao = 1

The fifth rule:

nmnm

1

m

n

m

m1

)a()a(a

a

1a

a

1a

• If am=an, then m = n

• If am = bm and m;

• Then a = b if m is odd

• Or a = b if m is Even

www.OliveBoard.in #1 Site for Bank PO Exams

AVERAGES

elementsofNumber

elementsofSumAverageSimple

n

nn

www

xwxwxwAverageWeighted

...

...

21

2211

naaaaMeanArithmetic n /)...( 321

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

FRACTIONS AND PERCENTAGES #1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

FRACTIONS %AGE FRACTION %AGE FRACTION %AGE

1/2 50 1/8 12.5 1/14 7.14

1/3 33.33 1/9 11.11 1/15 6.67

1/4 25 1/10 10 1/16 6.25

1/5 20 1/11 9.09 1/17 5.88

1/6 16.67 1/12 8.33 1/18 5.55

1/7 14.28 1/13 7.69 1/19 5.26

• r% change can be nullified by % change in

another direction.

E.g.: An increase of 25% in prices can be nullified by a

reduction of [100x25/(100+25)] = 20% reduction in

consumption.

• If a number ‘x’ is successively changed by a%, b%, c%...

• Final value =

The net change after two successive changes of a% and b% is

PERCENTAGES

r100

r100

...100

c1

100

b1

100

a1x

%100

abba

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PARTNERSHIP

• If two partners A and B are investing their money to run a

business then

(Simple Partnership)

• If two partners A and B are INVESTING their MONEY for

different period of time to run a business then

(Compound Partnership)

BofProfit

AofProfit

BofperiodTimexBofCapital

AofperiodTimexAofCapital

BofProfit

AofProfit

BofCapital

AofCapital

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

INTEREST

• Amount = Principal + Interest

• Simple Interest = PNR/100

• Compound Interest =

• Population formula P’ =

• SI and CI are same for a certain sum of money (P) at a certain rate (r)

per annum for the first year. The difference after a period of two years is

given by

• Depreciation formula = Initial Value x

• SI and CI are same for a certain sum of money (P) at a certain rate (r)

per annum for the first year. The difference after a period of two years is

given by,

P100

r1P

n

n

100

r1P

n

100

r1

2

2

100

PR

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PROFIT AND LOSS

• % Profit =

• Discount % =

Effective Discount after successive discount of a%

and b% is (a + b – ab/100). Effective Discount

when you buy x goods and get y goods free is

100x1WeightActual

WeightActualWeightClaimed

100xicePrMarked

icePrSellingicePrMarked

100xyx

y

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

ALLIGATION

n

a

ba

mixtureofQuantity

operationnafterentityoriginalofQuantity

1

2

xx

xx

itemondsecofQuantity

itemfirstofQuantity

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

SUCCESSIVE REPLACEMENT-

Where a is the original quantity, b is the quantity that is

replaced and n is the number of times the operation is

carried out,

ALLIGATION- The ratio of weights of the two

items mixed will be inversely proportional to the

deviation of attributes of these two items from the

average attribute of the resultant mixture.

ALLIGATION Alligation:

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

RATIO AND PROPOTION

n^krfqdpb

reqcpa

krfqdpb

reqcpa

kfdb

eca

kf/ed/cb/aIf

dc

dc

ba

bathenba&

d

c

b

aIf

nnn

nnn

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

TIME SPEED AND DISTANCE

• Speed = Distance/Time

• 1 kmph = 5/18 m/sec; 1 m/sec = 18/5 kmph

•

• If the distance covered is constant then the average speed is

Harmonic Mean of the values (s1,s2,s3….sn)

•

•

• If the time taken is constant then the average speed is Arithmetic

Mean of the values (s1,s2,s3….sn)

•

•

n321

n321Avg

t....ttt

d....ddd

TakenTimeTotal

CoveredDistanceTotalSpeed

n321Avg

s/1....s/1s/1s/1

nSpeed

)speedstwofor(ss

ss2Speed

21

21Avg

n

s....sssSpeed n321

Avg

)speedstwofor(2

ssSpeed 21

Avg

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

TIME SPEED AND DISTANCE

SpeedlativeRe

eredcovbetolengthTotaltakentime,TrainsFor

• Downstream/Upstream: In water, the direction along the stream is

called downstream. And, the direction against the stream is called

upstream

• If the speed of a boat in still water is u km/hr and the speed of the

stream is v km/hr, then:

Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr

Speed upstream = (u - v) km/hr

• If the speed downstream is a km/hr and the speed upstream is b

km/hr, then: hr/km)ba(

2

1 water still in Speed

hr/km)ba(2

1streamofRate

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

TIME AND WORK

• If a person can do a certain task in t hours, then in 1 hour he would

do 1/t portion of the task.

• A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours and B does the same job in ‘b’

hours, together they will take hours

• A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours more than A and B combined

whereas B does the same job in ‘b’ hours more than A and B

combined, then together they will take hours to finish the job.

• A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours, B does the same job in ‘b’ hours

and C does the same job in ‘c’ hours, then together they will take

hours.

• If A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours and A&B together do the job in ‘t’

hours, the B alone will take hours.

ba

ab

ab

cabcab

abc

ta

at

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

TIME AND WORK

• If A does a particular job in ‘a’ hours, B does the same job in ‘b’ hours

and ABC together do the job in ‘t’ hours, then

• C alone can do it in hours

• A and C together can do it in hours

• B and C together can do it in hours

If the objective is to fill the tank, then the Inlet pipes do positive work

whereas the Outlet pipes do negative work. If the objective is to empty

the tank, then the Outlet pipes do positive work whereas the Inlet

Pipes do negative work.

btatab

abt

tb

bt

ta

at

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PIPES AND CISTERN

A pipe connected with a tank or a cistern or a reservoir, that fits it is

known as a inlet.

Outlet- A pipe connected with a tank or cistern or reservoir, emptying it

is known as a outlet

If a pipe can fill a tank in y hours then part filled in 1 hour = 1/y

If a pipe can empty a tank in y hours, then part emptied in 1 hour = 1/y

If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full

tank in y hours where(x>y) then on opening both the pipes the net part

filled in one hour is = ( 1/x - 1/y)

if a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full

tank in y hours(y>x) then on opening both the pipes, the net part

emptied in 1 hour = (1/y – 1/x)

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

• When two tasks are performed in succession, i.e., they are

connected by an 'AND', to find the total number of ways of

performing the two tasks, you have to MULTIPLY the individual

number of ways. When only one of the two tasks is performed, i.e.

the tasks are connected by an 'OR', to find the total number of ways

of performing the two tasks you have to ADD the individual number

of ways.

• Linear arrangement of ‘r’ out of 'n' distinct items (nPr):

• The first item in the line can be selected in 'n' ways AND the second

in (n — 1) ways AND the third in (n — 2) ways AND so on. So, the

total number of ways of arranging 'r' items out of 'n' is

• (n)(n - 1)(n — 2)...(n - r + 1) =

)!rn(

!n

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

• Circular arrangement of 'n' distinct items: Fix the first item and

then arrange all the other items linearly with respect to the first item.

This can be done in (n — 1)! ways.

• In a necklace, it can be done in ways

• Selection of r items out of 'n' distinct items (nCr): Arrange of r

items out of n = Select r items out of n and then arrange

those r items on r linear positions.

• nPr =nCr x r!

• Number of ways of arranging 'n' items out of which `p' are alike, 'q'

are alike, 'r' are alike in a line is given by =

2

)1n(

)!rn(!r

!n

!r!q!p

!n

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

PROBABILITY

• If the probability of an event occurring is P, then

the probability of that event occurring ‘r’ times in

‘n’ trials is = nCr x Pr x (1-P)n-r

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY FORMULA

conditional probability that A occurs given that B

has occurred is written as P(A|B) and defined by

P(A|B) = P(A ∩ B) / P(B)

OUTCOMESTOTAL

OUTCOMESFAVOURABLEYPROBABILITLTHEORITICA

PROBABILITY Odds

outcomesfavorabletheofNumber

outcomefavourablenotagainstOdds

outcomesfavorablenotofnumber

outcomesfavorableofNumberfactorinOdds

• If A and B are two independent events, then,

P (A B) = P (A) P (B) or

P (AB) = P (A) P (B)

• If the probabilities of happening of n independent events be p1, p2

pn respectively, then

(i) Probability of happening none of them

= (1 – p1) (1 – p2) …. (1 - pn)

(ii) Probability of happening atleast one of them

= 1 - (1 – p1) (1 – p2) …. (1 - pn)

(iii) Probability of happening of first event and not happening of

the remaining

= p1 (1 – p2) (1 – p3) … (1 - pn)

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in

MENSURATION

NAME OF PLANE

FIGURE

AREA IN SQUARE

UNIT

PERIMETER IN UNITS

CIRCLE πr2 2πr

RECTANGLE LENGTH* WIDTH 2(LENGTH+WIDTH)

SQUARE SIDE*SIDE 4*SIDE

TRIANGLE 0.5*BASE*HEIGHT SUM OF ALL SIDES

RHOMBUS LENGTH*HEIGHT 4*LENGTH OF A SIDE

#1 Site for Bank PO Exams

www.OliveBoard.in