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Shakers: religion and art
• Dr D’Ann Campbell
• TAH 2008
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Geography: 1790-1840
National Park Service Guide
Center was in New England &New York
Additional colonies in Ohio & Kentucky
ShakersOriginatedIn EnglandBut all came To USA
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How Many?
• 1770s: under 20• 1800 a few thousand• 1840: 6,000 full members in 19
villages• New members? No babies
– Women age 18-40– Orphans; some joined and most left for
the world
• Today: small handful in Maine
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Life Style
• The Shakers lived in community villages
• Everyone of all ages had a job to do
• Men and women lived apart
• No children were born there—but orphans were often brought in from outside
• When an orphan became 21 he or she could decide to stay on
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Canterbury NH
• They grew their own food
• They were famous for their seeds, which they sold all across the country
• They were pacifists and did not fight in Civil War, but set up hospitals
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Shaker design is famous because it is simple, it works, and it is beautiful
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Simplicity, Symmetry
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Functional, simple, clean design
more pictures
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Influential furniture
Lesson plan: furniture
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Shakers were a religious group; their ceremonies included songs and a sacred dance
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Religious Music
Learn More
more on music
Lesson plan for "Gift to be Simple" song (grade 5-8)
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Shaker Women: more equality than anywhere else in America
•Women in Utopia (Campbell)
•Mother Ann Lee (the founder)
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Sources
Ken Burns video for PBS
Timeline
Brief history
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On Line Sources
• Overview• Shaker Theology• 1859 Compendium• 15 Years a Shakeress (1872 memoir)• Autobiography (1869)• Travel account by novelist Howells (1876)• Interpretation by German scholar (1974)• Architecture & style (by Swank)
