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1
Session 2Session 2
Putting Home Safety in Putting Home Safety in ContextContext
2
Death and Injury StatisticsDeath and Injury Statistics
Accidents are a major cause of death
and injury in the UK
Each year on average…
•13,000 people die
•500,000 people are admitted to hospital
•7 million people attend A & E
3
Accidental DeathsAccidental Deaths (UK 2002) (UK 2002)
Total Deaths = 12,367 estimated
Other 34%
Home 32%
Road 29%
Work 3%
Source: Office of National Statistics, Registrar’s General Scotland and Northern Ireland 2002
4
It’ll Never Happen To Me…It’ll Never Happen To Me…
5
The Child Health PictureThe Child Health Picture
1 – 4 years
5-14 years
Death rate per million population
8040
How do injuries compare to other child health problems ?
10 20 30 50 60 70
Injuries
Cancer
Diseases of Nervous System
Injuries
Congenital Abnormalities
Diseases of the Nervous System
Source: ONS 1997
6
The Scale Of The ProblemThe Scale Of The Problem
During 2002:
• Its estimated that over 320 children under the age of 15 died as the result of an accident
• Over 2 million children attended A&Eas a result of accidents – about half of these happen in the home.
Source: Child Accident Prevention Trust
7
Home Accidents to ChildrenHome Accidents to Children
Facts:
• 42% of all accidents involve falls of some kind (9 deaths)
• 72% of burn and scald injuries to children happen to the under 5s
• Accidents involving glass have increases over recent years
• Around 27,000 receive hospital treatment as a result of poisoning
8
Home Accidents to Children Home Accidents to Children by Injury – UK 2002by Injury – UK 2002
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
Superficial
Open w
ound
BurnBruise
Concussion
Soft tissue
BoneTendon/joint
0-4
5-14
Source: Home Accident Surveillance System 2002
9
Suspected Poisonings Suspected Poisonings Involving Household ItemsInvolving Household Items
National Estimate 33,272 UK 2002
Source: Home Accident Surveillance System 2002
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Location Of AccidentsLocation Of AccidentsAge 0-4 – UK 2002Age 0-4 – UK 2002
Kitchen Utility 9%
Living room/Dining room 23%
Bathroom 3%
Bedroom 12%Stairs inside 7%
Hall/Lobby 3%
Garden 8%
Patio/terrace 4%
Unspecified/indoors 13%Unspecified outdoors 12%
Source: Home Accident Surveillance System 2002
Other 6%
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Location Of AccidentsLocation Of AccidentsAge 0-14 – UK 2002Age 0-14 – UK 2002
020,00040,00060,00080,000
100,000120,000140,000160,000180,000
0-4
5-15
All
Source: Home Accident Surveillance System 2002
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Where Do Accidents Happen?Where Do Accidents Happen?
• The most serious happen in the kitchen and on the stairs
• The largest number of accidents happen in the living room
13
When Do Accidents Happen ?When Do Accidents Happen ?
• The most common time of day for accidents to occur is in the evening between 6.00 and 7.00pm
• More accidents happen on a Sunday than any other day of the week
• More accidents happen in the summer with a peak in July
14
Causes of AccidentsCauses of Accidents
Behavioural• Lapses of
attention• Mistaken actions• Attitude• Immaturity• Immobility
Environmental•Design•Product safety•Layout of room
Social factors•Inequalities•Culture•Isolation/loneliness
15
Why Do Children Have Why Do Children Have Accidents?Accidents?
Small stature
Inquisitiveness
Bravado and horse play
Stress
Inexperience
Inadequate supervision
16
The Cost Of AccidentsThe Cost Of Accidents
The annual treatment costs of accidents is estimated at :
£2.2 billion
(7% of NHS expenditure)
£200 million – child accidents
18
Who Is At Risk ?Who Is At Risk ?• On average one child in twelve will
be treated for a home accident, each year
• Half of those treated will be under four
• Boys are more likely to have an accident than girls
• Children are more likely to revisit A&E following another accident
19
InterventionsInterventions• Education
• Environment
• Engineering
• Enforcement
• Empowerment
20
PreventionPrevention
• Primary– Preventing the accident from happening.
• Secondary– Reducing the risk of severity of injury once the
event has occurred.
• Tertiary– Minimising the consequences of an injury
21
PreventionPrevention
• Active–Safety achieved by a deliberate
action
• Passive–Prevention provided without the
need for repeated human actions.
22
PreventionPrevention
Active• Putting hot and cold
water in the bath separately
• Putting medicines out of reach of children
• Use rear hotplates on cooker and turn handles away from front
Passive• Fitting a thermostatic
mixing valve to hot water
• Supplying medicines in a Child-resistant containers
• Building houses with mains-powered smoke Alarms
23
A Final Thought…A Final Thought…
Accidental injury is the biggest singlecause of death in UK children
3 children die in accidents every day
Accidents result in 10,000 childrenbeing permanently disabled each year
24
A Happy Ending…A Happy Ending…