1 SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS LEARNING ENGLISH BETTER. 2 SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS English may be a foreign language, but we cannot deny its importance in today’s

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SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS

LEARNING ENGLISH LEARNING ENGLISH BETTERBETTER

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English may be a foreign English may be a foreign language, but we cannot deny language, but we cannot deny its importance in today’s its importance in today’s world. Don’t hesitate – speak world. Don’t hesitate – speak confidently and get over your confidently and get over your shyness.shyness.

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Day 1Day 1

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NOUNSNOUNS

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Teaching formal grammar is something of a Teaching formal grammar is something of a challenge. It is challenge. It is something which helps in acquiring the skill to something which helps in acquiring the skill to match grammar match grammar vocabulary with the usage they have already vocabulary with the usage they have already acquired.acquired.

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The objective is to do away The objective is to do away with stiff traditional with stiff traditional definitions and introduce parts definitions and introduce parts of speech with simple of speech with simple explanationsexplanations

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Today let us take on simple Today let us take on simple definitions in grammar like nouns, definitions in grammar like nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Many of you verbs, and adjectives. Many of you might think or feel that you already might think or feel that you already know about these, but will be know about these, but will be surprised to know that even simple surprised to know that even simple grammar keeps springing surprises grammar keeps springing surprises on us.on us.

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Let Us Take On Nouns …Let Us Take On Nouns …

To explain in simple words, a To explain in simple words, a noun is the name of a person, noun is the name of a person, animal, place or thing.animal, place or thing.

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Nouns- Singular & Plural ….Nouns- Singular & Plural ….There are some general rules for changing the There are some general rules for changing the singular form of a noun to its plural form.singular form of a noun to its plural form.

Eg: Eg: Common nouns.Common nouns. Pen(singular) – Pen(singular) – Pens(plural)Pens(plural)

Collective nouns.Collective nouns. Army(singular) – Army(singular) – Armies(plural)Armies(plural)

Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural Proper, abstract & material nouns can have plural forms when they are used as common nouns.forms when they are used as common nouns.All of you must be aware that the most common form All of you must be aware that the most common form of forming a plural by adding an “s” to the noun.of forming a plural by adding an “s” to the noun.

Eg:Eg: Hand - HandsHand - HandsHouse - HousesHouse - Houses

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Plural of the nouns ending in “x” “sh” or “ch” (a Plural of the nouns ending in “x” “sh” or “ch” (a hissing sound) is formed by adding “es” at the end.hissing sound) is formed by adding “es” at the end.

Eg:Eg: glass - glassesglass - glassesbox - boxesbox - boxesbrush - brushesbrush - brushesbench - benchesbench - benches

Plural of the nouns ending in a “y” and having a Plural of the nouns ending in a “y” and having a consonantconsonant before “y” is formed by changing “y” before “y” is formed by changing “y” into “ies”. into “ies”.

Eg:Eg: army - armiesarmy - armieslady - ladieslady - ladiesbaby - babiesbaby - babiesfly - fliesfly - flies

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If there is a vowel before the “y”, we just add “s” to the noun to If there is a vowel before the “y”, we just add “s” to the noun to form its plural.form its plural.

Eg:Eg: monkey - monkeysmonkey - monkeys boy - boysboy - boystoy - toys toy - toys donkey - donkeysdonkey - donkeysday - daysday - days key - keyskey - keys

There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though they There are some nouns which are used in plural sense, though they looklook singular. singular.

Eg:Eg: These cattle (not cattles)These cattle (not cattles)These peopleThese peopleThese folkThese folk

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Some nouns are used in singular form.Some nouns are used in singular form.

Eg:Eg: This scenery is beautiful.This scenery is beautiful.All this information was wrong.All this information was wrong.Furniture is sold here.Furniture is sold here.

Some nouns have the same form Some nouns have the same form bothboth in singular in singular and plural.and plural.

Eg:Eg: This deer.This deer. These deer.These deer.This sheep.This sheep. These sheep.These sheep.This fish.This fish. These fish.These fish.

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CompoundCompound nouns form their plural by nouns form their plural by adding “s” to the important word.adding “s” to the important word.

Eg:Eg: mother-in-law - mothermother-in-law - motherss-in-law-in-law step-son -step-son - step-son step-sons passer-by - passerpasser-by - passers-by-by maid-servant - maid-maid-servant - maid-

servantservants..

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To Change ---To Change ---Nouns which are used only in singular Nouns which are used only in singular though they look like though they look like pluralsplurals..

Eg:Eg: The The newsnews is _____________ is _____________PhysicsPhysics is ______________ is ______________MathematicsMathematics is ___________ is ___________PoliticsPolitics is ________________ is ________________An An innings innings ____________________________A A means means _____________ _____________

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The following are nounsThe following are nouns -- mountains, tree, -- mountains, tree, postman, cupboard,chair, postman, cupboard,chair, apple, pen.apple, pen.

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ConcreteConcrete nouns are names of people and things we nouns are names of people and things we can touch or see.can touch or see.

Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or Nouns can also name things that cannot be seen or touched, but can be thought and felt. They express touched, but can be thought and felt. They express a quality, a state, a feeling or an action. a quality, a state, a feeling or an action.

Such nouns are called Such nouns are called AbstractAbstract nouns. So an nouns. So an abstract noun is an abstract noun is an IDEAIDEA, for example, honesty, , for example, honesty, childhood, happiness, bravery.childhood, happiness, bravery.

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Concrete Nouns Are of 4 Concrete Nouns Are of 4 Kinds …Kinds … example

1.1. Common NounsCommon Nouns chair,crow,flower.chair,crow,flower.(nouns of one class(nouns of one classor kind)or kind)

2.2. Proper NounsProper Nouns Delhi, Ram, Everest.Delhi, Ram, Everest.(special name)(special name)

3.3. Material NounsMaterial Nouns water, gold, wood.water, gold, wood.(names of things (names of things from which other from which other things are made)things are made)

4.4. Collective NounsCollective Nouns fleet, army, bunch.fleet, army, bunch.(a group of things(a group of thingsconsidered as one)considered as one)

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Role-Play -- LiveRole-Play -- Live

2 Role-Plays to Understand the 2 Role-Plays to Understand the Types of NounsTypes of Nouns

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Home AssignmentHome Assignment

Do It Yourself Exercise on NounsDo It Yourself Exercise on Nouns2 Sets of Assignments on Types of 2 Sets of Assignments on Types of

NounsNouns

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Of these, common and collective nouns are Of these, common and collective nouns are CountableCountable nouns . nouns .eg. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero.eg. Fruit, rabbit, box, pen, city, hero.

These nouns have plural forms. They take on the These nouns have plural forms. They take on the adjectives e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc.adjectives e.g. few, many, several, one, two etc.eg. Several eg. Several pages(plural)pages(plural) in the book are missing. in the book are missing.

Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called Nouns that cannot be counted in no.s are called UncountableUncountable nouns. nouns.e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee e.g. rice, wool, sugar, water, soil, music, air, coffee etc. These nouns have no plural forms. They take etc. These nouns have no plural forms. They take on adjectives like much little or a little. They on adjectives like much little or a little. They cannot be used with nos. cannot be used with nos.

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Choose the Countable and Choose the Countable and Uncountable Nouns from the Uncountable Nouns from the following table …following table …

AppleApple StarStar ClothCloth FreedoFreedomm

FurnituFurniturere

PicturePicture StoneStone

DirtDirt PaperPaper ClassClass FamilyFamily MilkMilk ShopShop PenPen

TeaTea PoetryPoetry PoemPoem TeamTeam IronIron GlassGlass

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Role-Play --- LiveRole-Play --- Live

1 Role-Play1 Role-Play

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Do It Yourself Exercise on NounsDo It Yourself Exercise on Nouns1 Assignment1 Assignment

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VERBSVERBS

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All About Verbs …All About Verbs …A A verb,verb, as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time as we all know, shows action. It also tells us the time

of action. The verb tells us whether the action has already of action. The verb tells us whether the action has already taken place, is taking place or will take please. To show the taken place, is taking place or will take please. To show the time in which the action is taking place, sometimes several time in which the action is taking place, sometimes several verbs are put together.verbs are put together.

Ex: The fly Ex: The fly sitssits on the fruit. on the fruit. here the verb tells us what is happening in the here the verb tells us what is happening in the present present or or

what happens from time to time(present tense).what happens from time to time(present tense).

Ex: The fly Ex: The fly satsat on the fruit. on the fruit.Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action Here the verb consists of one word and tells us of the action

that took place in the that took place in the pastpast (past tense) (past tense)

Ex: The fly Ex: The fly willwill sitsit on the fruit. on the fruit.Here it consists of 2 verbs Here it consists of 2 verbs willwill sitsit. To show what will happen . To show what will happen

in the in the futurefuture, the verb , the verb sitsit takes on the helping verb takes on the helping verb willwill (future tense)(future tense)

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All About Verbs …All About Verbs …

A verb does two things in a sentenceA verb does two things in a sentence..It shows the action ( ex-works) or the state of being (ex – It shows the action ( ex-works) or the state of being (ex –

is,was) of the subject.is,was) of the subject.The boy walks to schoolThe boy walks to schoolThe flower is beautifulThe flower is beautiful

It shows the time of the action(the tense)It shows the time of the action(the tense)Ex: The boy walked to schoolEx: The boy walked to school

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All About Verbs All About Verbs …………………………..…………………………..

The The SimpleSimple tensetense

This tense shows the present, past or future of This tense shows the present, past or future of the action in its simplest form.the action in its simplest form.

He goes to school. (simple present He goes to school. (simple present tense)tense)

He wants to go to school. (simple He wants to go to school. (simple present tense)present tense)

He will go to school. (simple future He will go to school. (simple future tense)tense)

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Let us examine verb in a simple tense.Let us examine verb in a simple tense.

eg: The peon eg: The peon ringsrings the bell. the bell.(every hour or every day)(every hour or every day)The earth The earth goesgoes round the sun. round the sun.We We eat eat every day.every day.

Mother Mother visits visits the temple daily.the temple daily.

Here, the simple tense of the verb shows routine Here, the simple tense of the verb shows routine work, a work, a permanent truth or habit.permanent truth or habit.

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The thing to be noted is that the verb ends with an ‘s’ in a The thing to be noted is that the verb ends with an ‘s’ in a simple present tense if the subject is he, she or it.simple present tense if the subject is he, she or it.

Eg: Eg: The minister brings a brief case to the office.The minister brings a brief case to the office.

She sings in a melodious voice When the word ‘have’ is used to mean possession we use When the word ‘have’ is used to mean possession we use ‘has’ for he, she or it, and ‘have’ for other subjects.‘has’ for he, she or it, and ‘have’ for other subjects.

E.g: I E.g: I havehave a pen a pen She She has has a pena pen We We havehave pens pens He He hashas a pen a pen

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All About Verbs ……All About Verbs ……

The The Continuous tenseContinuous tense shows that the action (in present, shows that the action (in present, past and future) is still continuing or not yet complete.past and future) is still continuing or not yet complete.

eg:eg: He is selling the product. He is selling the product. (present continuous)(present continuous) He was selling the productHe was selling the product (past (past continuous)continuous)

He will be selling the productHe will be selling the product (future (future continuous)continuous)

This is also called This is also called Imperfect tenseImperfect tense because it shows an because it shows an action which is incomplete or imperfect. action which is incomplete or imperfect.

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All About Verbs ……All About Verbs ……

The The Perfect tensePerfect tense shows that an action is in a completed or perfect shows that an action is in a completed or perfect state.state.

eg: eg: I have done my workI have done my work Present TensePresent Tense

She has done her workShe has done her work

I had done my workI had done my workPast PerfectPast Perfect

She had done her workShe had done her work

I shall have done my work

Future Perfect

He will have done his work

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All About Verbs ………………….All About Verbs ………………….

The The Simple Past tenseSimple Past tense is used to describe actions and is used to describe actions and states in the past that are complete in themselves.states in the past that are complete in themselves.Verbs in this tense usually go with the adverb (adverbial Verbs in this tense usually go with the adverb (adverbial phrases) like yesterday, last week, (month year) an hour phrases) like yesterday, last week, (month year) an hour ago, in 1942, etc.ago, in 1942, etc.

Eg: Eg: I found a pen yesterday.I found a pen yesterday.

We drove to Bangalore last week.

You arrived here last year.

India won freedom in 1947.

The agent came here a few minutes ago.

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2 Role-Plays2 Role-Plays

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Do It Yourself Exercise on VerbsDo It Yourself Exercise on Verbs2 Assignments2 Assignments

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Lets look at how many forms Lets look at how many forms the word “Be” can take the word “Be” can take

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BeingBeingBeenBeenAmAmIsIs

bebe AreAreWasWasWereWereShall beShall beWill beWill be

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Day 2Day 2

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SENTENCESSENTENCES

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When we speak or write , we use words, we put letters When we speak or write , we use words, we put letters together to form words. Words put together form together to form words. Words put together form sentences.sentences.

Eg: Important it client please to is .Eg: Important it client please to is .These are group of words, but is These are group of words, but is notnot a sentence a sentence because they don’t mean anything. Let us how because they don’t mean anything. Let us how rearrange the words. rearrange the words.

It is important to please a client.It is important to please a client.

In the words, we can say, that a sentence is a In the words, we can say, that a sentence is a group of words, which make sense.group of words, which make sense.

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All About Sentences All About Sentences …………………..…………………..Some sentences describe things or give information. Some sentences describe things or give information.

Some ask questions. Some ask questions.

Sentences that describe or give information are called Sentences that describe or give information are called assertiveassertive sentences. They actually make a sentence. sentences. They actually make a sentence.

Sentences that ask questions are called Sentences that ask questions are called interrogativeinterrogative sentences. To sentences. To interrogateinterrogate means to ‘ask’. These means to ‘ask’. These sentences always end with a question mark. The sentences always end with a question mark. The customer or the client may ask you many questionscustomer or the client may ask you many questions

E.g.: What is the product you sell?E.g.: What is the product you sell? What is the price of this product?What is the price of this product?

Will you give me a discount?Will you give me a discount?

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All About Sentences ……All About Sentences ……

Some sentences express a wish, a command or a Some sentences express a wish, a command or a request. They are called request. They are called imperativeimperative sentencessentences

Ex: May god be with you.(wish)Ex: May god be with you.(wish)Call the doctor at once.(command)Call the doctor at once.(command)Wait for me please.(request)Wait for me please.(request)

Sentences that express a strong or sudden Sentences that express a strong or sudden feeling are known as feeling are known as exclamatoryexclamatory sentences. sentences. They always end with an exclamation mark.They always end with an exclamation mark.

Ex: What a wonderful day !Ex: What a wonderful day !

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All About Sentences ……All About Sentences ……

So we can safely say that a sentence is a So we can safely say that a sentence is a group of words which has a subject and it group of words which has a subject and it tells something about the subject. It is tells something about the subject. It is meaningful by itself. meaningful by itself.

It is important to make a complete It is important to make a complete sentence : using the right combination of sentence : using the right combination of nouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositionsnouns, verbs, adjectives, prepositions

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Role Play -- LiveRole Play -- Live

3 Role Plays3 Role Plays

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Do It Yourself Exercise on Do It Yourself Exercise on SentencesSentences

2 Assignments2 Assignments

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Silent Letters in WordsSilent Letters in Words

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There are certain words There are certain words which have a particular which have a particular letter or letters that are letter or letters that are silent and therefore the silent and therefore the pronunciation of the word is pronunciation of the word is different.different.

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For Example ……For Example ……

B – Silent in B – Silent in words likewords like

CombCombDumbDumbDebtDebt

C - Silent in words C - Silent in words likelike

SceneSceneScentScent

D - Silent in words D - Silent in words likelike

JudgeJudgeEdgeEdge

G - Silent in words G - Silent in words likelike

ResignResignSignSign

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For Example ……For Example ……

GH – Silent in GH – Silent in words likewords like

BroughtBroughtThoughThoughNightNight

H - Silent in H - Silent in words likewords like

HourHourHonorHonor

K- Silent in words K- Silent in words likelike

KnowKnowKneeKnee

L - Silent in words L - Silent in words likelike

TalkTalkHalfHalf

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For Example For Example …………………….…………………….

N – Silent in words N – Silent in words likelike

AutumnAutumn

P - Silent in words P - Silent in words likelike

PsychologyPsychologyPneumoniaPneumonia

T - Silent in words T - Silent in words likelike

ListenListen CatchCatchOftenOften

U- Silent in words U- Silent in words likelike

TongueTongueGuardGuard

W - Silent in W - Silent in words likewords like

WriteWriteAnswerAnswer

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Role Play --- LiveRole Play --- Live

1 Role Play1 Role Play

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HOMONYMSHOMONYMS

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PRONUNCIATIONSPRONUNCIATIONS

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Pronunciation is the way in Pronunciation is the way in which a word is pronounced or which a word is pronounced or spoken.spoken.

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Ways To Improve Your Ways To Improve Your PronunciationPronunciation

1.1. Listen to the English news regularlyListen to the English news regularly- CNN- CNN- BBC- BBC- Star News- Star News

2.2. Be attentive when you hear others Be attentive when you hear others speak.speak.

3.3. Look up the dictionary for the correct Look up the dictionary for the correct pronunciation of words.pronunciation of words.

4.4. Read the paragraph loudly and then Read the paragraph loudly and then tape it. After listening to the Tape, tape it. After listening to the Tape, correct your mistakes and speak again.correct your mistakes and speak again.

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Ways To Improve Your Ways To Improve Your Pronunciation ……Pronunciation ……

5.5. The formation of the mouth and The formation of the mouth and placing of the tongue is important placing of the tongue is important for correct pronunciation. for correct pronunciation. Looking into a mirror will help.Looking into a mirror will help.

6.6. Enjoy the company of people who Enjoy the company of people who speak fluent speak fluent English.English.

7.7. Buy tapes of speeches of great Buy tapes of speeches of great leaders of the world and listen to leaders of the world and listen to them.them.

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Pronunciation And Speech Pronunciation And Speech …………

A skillful speaker never pronounces a A skillful speaker never pronounces a word in a way that is alien to the word in a way that is alien to the habits of his listener.habits of his listener.

The three most common mistakes The three most common mistakes that happen while pronouncing:that happen while pronouncing:

-- carelessness-- carelessness-- a put-on accent-- a put-on accent-- pronunciation that is -- pronunciation that is tootoo careful careful

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Pronunciation And Speech Pronunciation And Speech …..…..

Take for example:Take for example:

Two most commonly used words : Two most commonly used words :

EitherEither NeitherNeither

When pronounced as Either and When pronounced as Either and Neither, no one notices them.Neither, no one notices them.But if they are pronounced as Eyether But if they are pronounced as Eyether and Nyether, they will be certainly and Nyether, they will be certainly noticed and the chances are that they noticed and the chances are that they will cause irritation.will cause irritation.

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Role-Play --- AudioRole-Play --- Audio

Listening To PronunciationsListening To Pronunciations

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Role-Play --- LiveRole-Play --- Live

Speaking and Rehearsing Speaking and Rehearsing Pronunciations As Given in the Pronunciations As Given in the

Audio PieceAudio Piece

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There are words used in There are words used in sentences which either form sentences which either form the strong part or take the the strong part or take the weak form.weak form.

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For Example ……For Example ……Strong FormStrong Form Weak FormWeak Form

AreAre Here they Here they are are TheyThey are coming are coming

AtAt Shoot Shoot atat him him StopStop at the new at the new househouse

BeBe It can’t It can’t bebe He must be He must be stupidstupid

CouldCould I would stay if II would stay if I You could be You could be betterbetter

couldcould than thisthan this

For For What is he What is he HeHe is waiting for is waiting for waiting waiting forfor his payhis pay

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Give the topics for the Skit and a Give the topics for the Skit and a brief on what would be expected.brief on what would be expected.Each team is assigned one topic.Each team is assigned one topic.Also, the group is told the day on Also, the group is told the day on

which the skit will be enacted which the skit will be enacted (Day7)(Day7)

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Day 3Day 3

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All About Sentences ……All About Sentences ……The different kinds of words that make up full The different kinds of words that make up full

sentences are known as sentences are known as ‘parts of speech’‘parts of speech’These terms come up frequently in the study of These terms come up frequently in the study of

the sentence. They fall into 8 categories. Here the sentence. They fall into 8 categories. Here is a list of them and their usual definitions to is a list of them and their usual definitions to jog your memory.jog your memory.

A nounA noun names something. names something. Shakespeare, cloud, advertisementShakespeare, cloud, advertisement

A pronounA pronoun takes the place of a noun. takes the place of a noun. you, her,Iyou, her,I

A verbA verb expresses action or refers to an event or expresses action or refers to an event or a state of being.a state of being.

is, amaze, ensure, show, seemis, amaze, ensure, show, seem

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All About Sentences ……All About Sentences ……An adjectiveAn adjective qualifies-tells us something about a noun or qualifies-tells us something about a noun or

a pronoun.a pronoun. beautiful, angry, strange, small, deliver.beautiful, angry, strange, small, deliver.

An adverbAn adverb qualifies a verb an adjective or another adverb. qualifies a verb an adjective or another adverb. cleverly, very, usually, angrily, agocleverly, very, usually, angrily, ago

A prepositionA preposition shows a relation between a word and a shows a relation between a word and a nounnoun

(or a pronoun) that follows it.(or a pronoun) that follows it. from, in, at, with, of, among, behind.from, in, at, with, of, among, behind.

A conjunctionA conjunction connects words or group of words connects words or group of words and, but, although,or,yetand, but, although,or,yet

An interjectionAn interjection express emotions acts as a signal or adds express emotions acts as a signal or adds a conversational toucha conversational touch

hey!wow!hello!well!oh!say!hey!wow!hello!well!oh!say!

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All About Sentences ……All About Sentences ……To add a little humour, but at the same To add a little humour, but at the same

time to get to know the right way of time to get to know the right way of expressing something, here is a simple expressing something, here is a simple conversation.conversation.

A little boy said to his teacher ‘I ain't got no A little boy said to his teacher ‘I ain't got no pencil’pencil’

The teacher corrected him at once: It’s ‘I The teacher corrected him at once: It’s ‘I don’t have a pencil’. ‘You don’t have a don’t have a pencil’. ‘You don’t have a pencil.’ ‘ We don’t have any pencils.’ ‘They pencil.’ ‘ We don’t have any pencils.’ ‘They don’t have pencils’don’t have pencils’

Is that clear?Is that clear? ‘ ‘No’ said the surprised child. “what No’ said the surprised child. “what

happened to all happened to all themthem pencils?” pencils?”

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Verbs And Sentences ……Verbs And Sentences ……The verb ‘be’ takes these forms.The verb ‘be’ takes these forms.The Past Continuous Tense. This tense shows that the The Past Continuous Tense. This tense shows that the

action was going on for some time in the past. It also action was going on for some time in the past. It also shows what was happening for a period of time before shows what was happening for a period of time before the action was completed.the action was completed.

If two actions occurred at the same time, we use the past If two actions occurred at the same time, we use the past continuous tense to describe one of them.continuous tense to describe one of them.

E.g : I was reading the newspaper when the E.g : I was reading the newspaper when the postman rang the bell.postman rang the bell.

The continuous tense takes a helping verb to show the tense. They are is, am, are, was, were, being.

Eg: The boys were playing when mother called them.

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2 Assignments2 Assignments

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ADVERBSADVERBS

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An Adverb is a word which An Adverb is a word which modifies the meaning of a modifies the meaning of a Verb, an Adjective or another Verb, an Adjective or another AdverbAdverb

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An Adverb ……………………An Adverb ……………………

For example :For example :

Rahul runs Rahul runs quicklyquickly

-- -- quickly shows HOW (or in what quickly shows HOW (or in what manner)manner)-- quickly modifies the Verb -- quickly modifies the Verb runsruns

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This a is a This a is a veryvery beautiful painting beautiful painting

-- -- very shows HOW MUCH (or in what very shows HOW MUCH (or in what degree)degree)-- very modifies the Adjective -- very modifies the Adjective beautifulbeautiful

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Govind reads Govind reads quite quite clearlyclearly

-- quite shows HOW FAR (or to what -- quite shows HOW FAR (or to what extent)extent)-- quite modifies the Adverb -- quite modifies the Adverb clearlyclearly

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Kinds of AdverbsKinds of Adverbs

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Adverbs of Time Adverbs of Time ……………………………………

Which shows when :Which shows when :

I have heard this I have heard this before.before.We shall We shall nownow begin to work. begin to work.He comes here He comes here daily.daily.

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Adverbs of Frequency Adverbs of Frequency ……………………………………

Which shows how often :Which shows how often :

I have told you I have told you twice.twice.He He oftenoften makes mistakes. makes mistakes.

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Adverbs of Place …………………Adverbs of Place …………………

Which shows where :Which shows where :

Stand Stand here.here.He looked He looked up.up.

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Adverbs of Manner Adverbs of Manner ……………………………………

Which shows how or in what manner :Which shows how or in what manner :

Rashmi reads Rashmi reads clearly.clearly.The story is The story is wellwell written. written.The boy works The boy works hard.hard.

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Adverbs Of Degree ……Adverbs Of Degree ……

Which shows how much or to what Which shows how much or to what extent :extent :

He was He was too too careless.careless.I am I am fullyfully prepared. prepared.I am I am soso glad. glad.

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Adverbs of Reason Adverbs of Reason ……………………………………

He He thereforetherefore refused to help. refused to help.

It was It was hencehence completed on time. completed on time.

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Adverbs of Affirmation or Adverbs of Affirmation or Negation……………Negation……………

Surely,Surely, you are mistaken. you are mistaken.

I do I do notnot know him. know him.

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Do It Yourself Assignments on Do It Yourself Assignments on types of Adverbstypes of Adverbs

1 Assignment1 Assignment

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VOWELSVOWELS

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How many vowels exist and How many vowels exist and what are they?what are they?

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Vowels ……Vowels ……

AA

EE

II

OO

UU

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Vowels ……………………Vowels ……………………Lets look at words that reflect the Lets look at words that reflect the particular particular vowel ..…..vowel ..…..

Vowel AVowel A

Words we use everyday :Words we use everyday :Name, Brain, Far, Heart, Palm, Castle, Name, Brain, Far, Heart, Palm, Castle, Sat, BadSat, Bad

Words we would use with customers :Words we would use with customers :Available , Payment , Waiver , Available , Payment , Waiver , Location , AssistLocation , Assist

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Vowel EVowel E

Words we use everyday :Words we use everyday :Hotel, Met, Her, Birth, Said, Red, Hotel, Met, Her, Birth, Said, Red, Thread Thread

Words we would use with customers :Words we would use with customers :Receive, Enable, Credit, Perfect, Receive, Enable, Credit, Perfect, Attention, ReferenceAttention, Reference

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Vowel IVowel I

Words we use everyday :Words we use everyday :Mine, Side, Dye, Hire, Bid, Busy, Trim Mine, Side, Dye, Hire, Bid, Busy, Trim

Words we would use with customers :Words we would use with customers :Deliver, Eligibility, Assign, Expiry, Fee Deliver, Eligibility, Assign, Expiry, Fee systemsystem

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Vowel OVowel O

Words we use everyday :Words we use everyday :More, Bore, Four, Floor, Fort, Got, Shot, More, Bore, Four, Floor, Fort, Got, Shot, Bought, Foot, Mood, Good, Moon, BoneBought, Foot, Mood, Good, Moon, Bone

Words we would use with customers :Words we would use with customers :Account, Problem, Wonderful, Account, Problem, Wonderful, Apologize, Form, Content, Product, Apologize, Form, Content, Product, Would, CouldWould, Could

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Vowel UVowel U

Words we use everyday :Words we use everyday :Pure, Run, Turn, Love, New, ViewPure, Run, Turn, Love, New, View

Words we would use with customers :Words we would use with customers :Update, Unable, Customer, SureUpdate, Unable, Customer, Sure

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Do It Yourself Exercise on VowelsDo It Yourself Exercise on Vowels2 Assignment2 Assignment

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Day 4Day 4

Adjectives / Prepositions Adjectives / Prepositions

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ADJECTIVESADJECTIVES

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An Adjective is a word which An Adjective is a word which qualifies a noun. They are qualifies a noun. They are picture words as they create a picture words as they create a certain picture in the mind.certain picture in the mind.In other words, adjectives In other words, adjectives show the property of a noun.show the property of a noun.

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Types of AdjectivesTypes of Adjectives

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Adjective of Quality Adjective of Quality ……….……….

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Descriptive Adjectives ……Descriptive Adjectives ……

1.11.1 Of what qualityOf what qualitye.g A e.g A smallsmall boy boy

1.21.2 Of what stateOf what statee.g A e.g A carefulcareful girl girl

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Proper Adjective …………….Proper Adjective …………….

Made with proper nouns:Made with proper nouns:

e.g The e.g The EnglishEnglish language language

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Adjectives of Quantity Adjectives of Quantity ……….……….

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Quantitative Adjectives Quantitative Adjectives ……………………

Answer the question : how much and Answer the question : how much and how manyhow many

Used with Countable nounsUsed with Countable nouns

e.ge.g much much waterwater little little ricerice enough enough moneymoney

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Numeral Adjectives …………Numeral Adjectives …………Answer the question : how much and Answer the question : how much and how manyhow many

Used with Uncountable nounsUsed with Uncountable nouns

e.ge.g many many starsstars few few booksbooks enough enough chanceschances

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Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Adjectives ………………

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Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Adjectives ………………

Answer the question “which”Answer the question “which”

e.g e.g thisthis book book that that treetree suchsuch friends friends

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Distributive Adjectives Distributive Adjectives ……….……….

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Distributive Adjectives Distributive Adjectives ……….……….

Show whether the noun that follows Show whether the noun that follows is taken singly or in separate lots.is taken singly or in separate lots.

The four distributive adjectives are The four distributive adjectives are Each, Every, Either, NeitherEach, Every, Either, Neither

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Possessive Adjectives Possessive Adjectives ……….……….

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Possessive Adjectives Possessive Adjectives ……….……….

Answer the question “whose”Answer the question “whose”

e.g e.g mymy book bookourour country countryyouryour voice voicehishis job job

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Final Role Play --- LiveFinal Role Play --- Live

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Do It Yourself Exercise on Do It Yourself Exercise on AdjectivesAdjectives

Two AssignmentsTwo Assignments1.1 Seven Assignments to practice 1.1 Seven Assignments to practice

types of Adjectivestypes of Adjectives1.2 One Assignment as a final role 1.2 One Assignment as a final role

playplay

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PREPOSITIONSPREPOSITIONS

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PrepositionsPrepositions

The book is the desk.The book is the desk.-- this statement doesn’t make any -- this statement doesn’t make any sensesense

The book is The book is onon the desk – the word ON the desk – the word ON shows the relationship between the shows the relationship between the desk and the book.desk and the book.

The book can also be The book can also be inin the desk, the desk, underunder the desk or the desk or besidesbesides the desk. the desk.

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Prepositions ……Prepositions ……

All these words which show the All these words which show the relationship between one noun (or a relationship between one noun (or a word standing for a noun) and word standing for a noun) and another word in the sentence are another word in the sentence are calledcalledPrepositions.Prepositions.

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Prepositions ……Prepositions ……

A preposition is a word placed before A preposition is a word placed before a noun or a noun equivalent to show a noun or a noun equivalent to show in what relation that noun or noun in what relation that noun or noun equivalent stands to something else equivalent stands to something else in that sentence.in that sentence.

A preposition can be one word or a A preposition can be one word or a group of words.group of words.

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Some Common Prepositions Some Common Prepositions …………

AtAt ToTo ThrougThroughh

OntoOnto WithinWithin AlongAlong

ByBy ForFor UpUp Up toUp to AcrossAcross BehinBehindd

OnOn OffOff OfOf InIn IntoInto BelowBelow

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Do It Yourself Exercise on Do It Yourself Exercise on PrepositionsPrepositions

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Day 5Day 5

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ESSAY ESSAY WRITINGWRITING

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Essay Writing Essay Writing

Essay writing improves your skills as Essay writing improves your skills as a complete communicator.a complete communicator.

It improves your writing skills, allows It improves your writing skills, allows scope to express better and combines scope to express better and combines communication skills with knowledge communication skills with knowledge about the subject.about the subject.

Essays, if well written, convey a Essays, if well written, convey a message to the reader who looks at message to the reader who looks at your points of view and feels your points of view and feels convinced.convinced.

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Essay Writing ……Essay Writing ……

Special preparation needs to be done Special preparation needs to be done for good essay writing:for good essay writing:

1.1 Defining The Subject : You should 1.1 Defining The Subject : You should have a clear conception of the subject have a clear conception of the subject of the essay.of the essay.A little bit of homework before you A little bit of homework before you start writing goes a long way in start writing goes a long way in creating good ideas.creating good ideas.

1.2 Collecting Material : For a number 1.2 Collecting Material : For a number of topics, you need to collect more of topics, you need to collect more information.information.

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Essay Writing ……Essay Writing ……

Special preparation needs to be done for Special preparation needs to be done for good essay writing.good essay writing.

1.3 Logical Arrangement : Now you can 1.3 Logical Arrangement : Now you can decide on the line of the essay; the decide on the line of the essay; the logical order in which you can arrange logical order in which you can arrange your points you have selected. But you your points you have selected. But you must put them down according to some must put them down according to some plan.plan.

1.4 Filling The Content : Now that you 1.4 Filling The Content : Now that you have the outline and the way you want have the outline and the way you want to write, you can start filling in the to write, you can start filling in the content in the logical order.content in the logical order.

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Do It YourselfDo It Yourself-- Choose your own subject and -- Choose your own subject and

write an essay.write an essay.

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Day 6Day 6

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CONVERSATIONSCONVERSATIONS

Improving your speech skillsImproving your speech skills

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Improving Speech Improving Speech Skills Skills : Listening to : Listening to AudioAudio

Thrust areas of the two pieces :Thrust areas of the two pieces :1.1 Voice modulation1.1 Voice modulation1.2 Emphasis on words1.2 Emphasis on words1.3 Punctuations1.3 Punctuations1.4 Clarity and pace1.4 Clarity and pace1.5 Pronunciations1.5 Pronunciations

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GROUP GROUP DISCUSSIONSDISCUSSIONS

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Group Discussions Group Discussions

Give an opportunity to each individual Give an opportunity to each individual in the group to put across his or her in the group to put across his or her points of view clearly or forcefully so points of view clearly or forcefully so that they may be that they may be accepted accepted and and appreciatedappreciated by others. by others.

This requires knowledge on the This requires knowledge on the subject and the ability to say the right subject and the ability to say the right things at the right time.things at the right time.

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Group Discussions ……Group Discussions ……

Listening is a very important part of Listening is a very important part of group discussions. You need to listen group discussions. You need to listen to others in the group and assimilate to others in the group and assimilate ideas.ideas.

You learn to inculcate qualities like You learn to inculcate qualities like empathy for points of view of others.empathy for points of view of others.

You learn to control your temper and You learn to control your temper and also learn to adapt easily.also learn to adapt easily.

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Day 7Day 7

Skit Performance Skit Performance EvaluationEvaluation

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Finally ………………….Finally ………………….

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Some Tips To Learn English Some Tips To Learn English Better Better

Read an extract from a book everyday. Read an extract from a book everyday. Newspaper editorials make good Newspaper editorials make good reading material. Read articles in reading material. Read articles in magazines and try to rewrite them in magazines and try to rewrite them in your own words.your own words.

Use the language as often as possible, Use the language as often as possible, but also try and be a good listener. but also try and be a good listener.

Listen to the news broadcast on the Listen to the news broadcast on the radio and also on the television. It will radio and also on the television. It will help you improve your pronunciation.help you improve your pronunciation.

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Some Tips To Learn English Some Tips To Learn English Better ……Better ……

Maintain a register and keep noting Maintain a register and keep noting down your grey areas. Go through down your grey areas. Go through them every week and try to correct them every week and try to correct your mistakes.your mistakes.

Intonation and emphasis on the right Intonation and emphasis on the right word at the right time is very word at the right time is very important. Read aloud a passage from important. Read aloud a passage from a book or a poem, record it and then a book or a poem, record it and then correct intonation as you listen to it. correct intonation as you listen to it.

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The dictionary should be your The dictionary should be your constant companion. When in doubt constant companion. When in doubt about the meaning or pronunciation about the meaning or pronunciation of a word, always refer to the of a word, always refer to the dictionary.dictionary.

Note down some new words and Note down some new words and phrases, which you think could be phrases, which you think could be used in your day to day conversation, used in your day to day conversation, in your register.in your register.

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Group discussions are extremely Group discussions are extremely important. Select a topic of your important. Select a topic of your choice and discuss it with a group of choice and discuss it with a group of friends. It will boost your confidence friends. It will boost your confidence and will also allow you to think of new and will also allow you to think of new sentences.sentences.

Select a topic and try to speak about Select a topic and try to speak about it for atit for atleast a minute in front of the mirror.least a minute in front of the mirror.

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1 SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS LEARNING ENGLISH BETTER. 2 SEAMLESS CONNECTIONS English may be a foreign language, but we cannot deny its importance in today’s