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Recovered Energy Generation

CHPWaste Heat-to-Power Generation Workshop

March 2, 2005University of California, Irvine

ORMAT Technologies, Inc.

980 Greg StreetSparks, NV 89431-6039 USA

WWW.ORMAT.COM

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ORMAT Background

Innovative power generation technologies for geothermal and heat energy recovery since 1965

Recognized world leader in the use of organic motive fluids (hydrocarbons) in power generation systems

Demonstrated capabilities in design, engineering, manufacturing, installation, financing and operation of power plants

Over 750 MW of geothermal and recovered heat power plants have logged 14 million operating turbine-hours, avoided emission of 12x106 tons of CO2 & saved 4x106

tons of fuel

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Fields of Activity

RELIABLE REMOTE POWER

TRANSALASKA, SINCE 1976

RECOVERED ENERGY

GENERATION

CANADA, SINCE 1999

UPPER MAHIAO, THE PHILIPPINES ,SINCE 1996

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

HEAVY OIL UPGRADER

CANADA, SINCE 1999

2380a

Trans-Canada Pipeline

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60 MW Mokai Geothermal Power Plant, New Zealand

2000

125 MW Upper Mahiao Geothermal Power Plant, the Philippines

1996

73 MW Ormesa Geothermal Complex, California Imperial Valley

1987

14 MW Sao Miguel Geothermal Power Plant, Azores Islands

1994, 1998

40 MW Heber Geothermal Power Plant, Imperial County, California, USA,

1992

30 MW Puna Geothermal Power Plant, Big Island, Hawaii

1992

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ORMAT TechnologyOrganic Rankine Cycle

Chimney

Vapor exit

TurbineVapor inlet

Controls

Burner

Condenser

Wheel Turbine

AlternatorCanisterFeed Pump

Organic fluid

ThermostatFuel inletFuel controlpanel

ORMAT Closed Cycle Vapor Turbogenerator

OEC Waste Heat Recovery System

ORMAT Geothermal Combined Cycle

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ORMAT® Energy Converter (OEC)

Closed Loop Organic Rankine Cycle Power Generation System

Closed: System fully recycles working fluid, with no discharges to the environment

Organic: Working fluid is a hydrocarbon or other organic fluid

Rankine cycle: Standard power generation cycle used in steam turbines – OEC air cooled condenser smaller and more efficient than steam system

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Organic Rankine Cycle SystemTypical Gas Turbine Application

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•Over 250 large OEC units comprising 750 MW

•Over 3500 small CCVT units installed

•Oldest units on-line since 1965 (CCVT) & 1984 (OEC)

•Combined history of more than 16 million operating hours

OEC Operating Experience

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•OEC recovered heat applications are a combination of:

ORMAT’s commercially and field-proven OEC turbine technology

Thermal oil waste heat recovery systems widely used in the petrochemical industry for decades

Marriage of Mature Technologies

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Qualified Energy Recovery

A “Green” Power Technology

No additional fuel consumption

Near zero emissions with air cooled ORMAT Energy Converters (OECs)

Inside the fence installation on existing sites.

No water consumption with closed loop operation

No creation or disposal of waste

Displaces fossil fuel based energy

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Entropy Diagrams for Water and Organic Fluid

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OEC Advantages Over Steam

Simpler system

No blow down and replacement of working fluid

No vacuum pumps or steam ejectors

Air cooled

Rugged design

1800 RPM turbine, direct connection to generator

Outdoor installation typical (even in severe climate)

Very low O&M requirements

No licensed steam technicians required

Packaged modular system – low installed cost

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OEC Recovered Energy Permitting Issues

Inside-the-fence installation simplifies permitting

Federal: Self-certification by FERC as a QF, and amendment of industry related

permits. State: a) Amend Air Quality Permit for

possible fugitive emissions from OEC, b) Inspection of OECs by

OSHA,c) Amend permits to

include storage of hydrocarbons on site

County: a) Building permit for construction,b) County planning permit may

require amendment. Other: a) Amend process/safety management

manuals

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Turbine is single casing, multi-stage axial unit, with impulse-design blading, directly coupled to the generator shaft

Turbine designed and optimized to operate with the organic vapors. No gearbox required.

Mechanical shaft seal prevents leakage of working fluid into the atmosphere or lube oil.

The generator is a synchronous, air-cooled (with inlet filter), three-phase machine, brushless and weather protected

NEMA II specifications, 13.8kV or 4.16kV and 60 Hz

Single or dual shaft extension(s) with turbine directly coupled

Turbine-Generator Description

Organic Vapor Turbine Assembly

Heat Exchangers

Workshop

CNCMeasureme

nt

CNCMachining

1476

ManufacturingManufacturing

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Continuous Improvement

of Turbine Efficiency

YEAR OF

FIRST USE

REPRESENTATIVE PROJECTS

TURBINEEFFICIENC

Y%

1984Steamboat72

1985Ormesa75

1989Puna78

1993Heber83

1996Rotokawa84

2000Olkaria88

2483

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ORMAT SELECTED ENERGY RECOVERY PROJECTSPROJECT

NAMELOCAT’N MW YEAR ORMAT ROLE OWNER

OPERATOR

Neptune Gas LuouisianaUSA

4.0 MW 2004 EPC equipment for recovery of heat from turbine exhaust

Enterprise Partners LLC.

Heidelberger Cement

Germany 1.5 MW 1999 Design/supply of equipment for recovery of heat from clinker cooler

Heidelberger Cement

Gold Creek Canada 6.5 MW 1999 Design/supply of equipment for recovery of heat from gas turbine exhaust

Maxim Energy

Minakami Japan 600 KW 1998 Design/Supply of equipment for recovery of heat from MSW Incinerator

Ishikawajima Hanyoki Service

TG2 Kawerau New Zealand

3.5 MW 1993 Design/Supply of equipment for recovery of heat from Paper Process

Bay of Plenty Electric Power Board

Shijiazhuang Heating &

Power

China 1.3 MW 1993 Design/Supply of equipment for recovery of heat from MSW Incinerator

Shaijiazhuang Thermal Power Gas Company

182337

6.5 MW ORMAT® Energy Converter at a Gas Compressor Station along the TransCanada Pipeline, in Gold Creek, Canada, since 1999

1.5 MW ORMAT® Energy Converter clinker cooler heat recovery system at HeidelbergCement AG, in Lengfurt, Germany, since 1999

Reliable Power From Waste Heat500 to 6500 kW units in Canada, Germany, Japan, Spain, China and USA

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Typical Pipeline Compressor Station

6.5 MW ORMAT POWER PLANT GOLD CREEK COMPRESSOR STATION TRANSCANADA PIPELINE

1502

212337

Enterprise Products – Neptune Plant

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OEC in Cement Plant

   

  

ORMAT WASTE HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEMBOTTOMING CYCLE ON CEMENT PROCESSING PLANT(NO SUPPLEMENTAL FIRING)

FUEL

VAPORIZER

PREHEATER

RECUPERATOR

TURBINE GENERATOR

CYCLE PUMP

AIR COOLED CONDENSER

ORMAT ENERGY CONVERTER

VAPORLIQUID

SOLIDSCOOL GASES

HOT GASES

TYPICAL CEMENT CLINKER PROCESS

HEAT TRANSFER FLUID

ROTARY KILN

PREHEATER

BAGHOUSE

BAGHOUSE

CLINKER COOLER

WASTE HEATRECOVERY UNIT

WASTE HEATRECOVERY UNIT

HotCool

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OEC at Heidelberg CementLengfurt, Germany

Summary Operating Experience

On completion of the first year of operations the following was notedAvailability over 98%Generating 17% more power than defined under design conditionsOperation & maintenance costs are negligible - required spares $3000 & motive fluid loss of 0%No additional staff needed for operation of the system

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Costs And ConfigurationCosts And Configuration

Capital installed costs for ORMAT OEC facilities is approximately $1,800 - $2,000/kW net

Example: 5.46 MW Gross/4.81 MW Net at design conditions

System is matched with exhaust heat source for optimum utilization and operational flexibility

Operating costs based on experience are extremely low- less than 0.2 cents per Kwh

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Economics

Economics vary by application Heat source utilization Physical configuration Value of power generated

Approximately $30/MWh power over 15 year project life

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Conclusions

Proven, mature, reliable technologyEconomically attractive compared to other new sources of powerSignificant environmental benefitsMany existing industrial heat sources and new CHP applicationsMarket is responding to opportunity

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www

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visit our website:www.ormat.com