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11
Recent Developments Recent Developments on the Korean on the Korean
PeninsulaPeninsula
Recent Developments Recent Developments on the Korean on the Korean
PeninsulaPeninsula20 November 200720 November 2007
St. Antony’s JCR Ambassadorial SeminarSt. Antony’s JCR Ambassadorial Seminar
Dr Cho, Yoon-JeDr Cho, Yoon-Je
Ambassador of the Republic of KoreaAmbassador of the Republic of Korea
22
Brief History of the Korean PeninsulaBrief History of the Korean Peninsula
Different Paths Followed by the Two KoreasDifferent Paths Followed by the Two Koreas
Recent Developments in Inter-Korean Recent Developments in Inter-Korean RelationsRelations
North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue
Future of the Korean PeninsulaFuture of the Korean Peninsula
ContentsContentsContentsContents
33
Brief History of Korea :Brief History of Korea :a country with fivea country with five--thousand years of thousand years of
historyhistory
Brief History of Korea :Brief History of Korea :a country with fivea country with five--thousand years of thousand years of
historyhistory
Kingdom of Gojoseon(National Foundation in BC 2333)BC18 ~ AD676 Three Kingdoms 676 ~ 918 Kingdom of Silla : the first unified dynasty 918 ~ 1392 Goryeo Dynasty1392 ~ 1910 Joseon Dynasty1910 ~ 1945 Japanese occupation1945 Division of Korea into South and North1950 ~ 1953 Korean War
* South Korea : 1 million civilians / 630 thousand soldiers
* North Korea : 1.5 million civilians / 800 thousand soldiers
1953 ~ Technically still at war, the world’s most militarily congested area
44
Different Paths Followed by Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Since 1945the Two Koreas Since 1945Different Paths Followed by Different Paths Followed by the Two Koreas Since 1945the Two Koreas Since 1945
55
North KoreaNorth KoreaNorth KoreaNorth Korea
Communist system Communist system The world most isolated regime & economic The world most isolated regime & economic
backwardnessbackwardness Dictatorship and human rights issuesDictatorship and human rights issues Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’Nuclear development & ‘military-first policy’
66
1212thth largest economy (member of OECD) largest economy (member of OECD)
1212thth largest trading country largest trading country
1111thth in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)
11stst in university enrollment in university enrollment
11stst in broadband penetration (90% of in broadband penetration (90% of households)households)
Fully democratized political systemFully democratized political system
1212thth largest economy (member of OECD) largest economy (member of OECD)
1212thth largest trading country largest trading country
1111thth in global competitiveness (WEF 2007) in global competitiveness (WEF 2007)
11stst in university enrollment in university enrollment
11stst in broadband penetration (90% of in broadband penetration (90% of households)households)
Fully democratized political systemFully democratized political system
South KoreaSouth KoreaSouth KoreaSouth Korea
One of the most successful postwar One of the most successful postwar economic and political development caseseconomic and political development cases
One of the most successful postwar One of the most successful postwar economic and political development caseseconomic and political development cases
77
5 3 2 1 5 5 53.8%3.8% 10.8%10.8% 22.1% 22.1% 38.3%38.3% 11.1% 11.1% 3.9%3.9% 5.1%5.1%
Market share
Ranking
D-RAM: 1st (49.4%), TFT-LCD: 1st (42%)
Major Exports (2006, $US billion)
200518.9 22.1
14.618.6
24.1
37.0
43.2
Automobile Semi-
conductor
Cell phone Ship-building Home Appliances
Steel Petro-chemical
South Korea’sSouth Korea’s International International
CompetitivenessCompetitiveness
South Korea’sSouth Korea’s International International
CompetitivenessCompetitiveness
88
Night Image of the Two Night Image of the Two KoreasKoreas
After Five Decades After Five Decades
Night Image of the Two Night Image of the Two KoreasKoreas
After Five Decades After Five Decades
99
South Korea’sSouth Korea’s Contribution to Contribution to Peace and StabilityPeace and Stability
South Korea’sSouth Korea’s Contribution to Contribution to Peace and StabilityPeace and Stability
Increasing development assistanceIncreasing development assistance Expanding UN peace keeping operationsExpanding UN peace keeping operations
1010
Recent Developments inRecent Developments in
Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations
Recent Developments inRecent Developments in
Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations
1111
South Korea’s Policy South Korea’s Policy Towards North KoreaTowards North KoreaSouth Korea’s Policy South Korea’s Policy Towards North KoreaTowards North Korea
From confrontation to reconciliationFrom confrontation to reconciliation
Engagement policy of North Korea Engagement policy of North Korea during the last decadeduring the last decade
· dialogue and cooperation · confidence building · peaceful coexistence · prosperity on the Korean Peninsula and Northeast
Asia
Peaceful and gradual process of Peaceful and gradual process of unificationunification
1212
Humanitarian assistanceHumanitarian assistance · South Korea is the biggest donor county to the North
People’s exchangesPeople’s exchanges · In 2005, 88,000 South Koreans visited the North (more than the total number of visitors during the
previous five decades)
· 1.5m South Korean tourists to Mt. Geumgang since 1998
Inter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean RelationsInter-Korean Relations
1313
Economic cooperationEconomic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade)
* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project
Economic cooperationEconomic cooperation · Inter-Korean trade volume : 1.35 billion US dollars (South Korea has become the 2nd largest trading partner of the North within a decade)
* North Korea’s Trade Volume : 4 billion US dollars · Gaeseong Industrial Complex : a collaborative project
Gaeseong, the city next to the DMZGaeseong, the city next to the DMZ
1414
Inter-Korean Summit Inter-Korean Summit MeetingsMeetings
(2000 and 2007)(2000 and 2007)
Inter-Korean Summit Inter-Korean Summit MeetingsMeetings
(2000 and 2007)(2000 and 2007)
Major results of the 2007 SummitMajor results of the 2007 Summit (peace building) · cooperation on denuclearization and establishment of a peace
regime · reduction of military tension and the holding of a defense ministers’ meeting · holding Prime Minister’s meeting
(economic cooperation) · creating a Special Peace and Cooperation Zone in the West Sea · constructing ship-building complexes and repairing roads · expanding Gaeseong Industrial Complex
(reconciliation) · expanding the reunion of separated families · promoting exchanges and cooperation in social and cultural areas
1515
North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue
6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, 6 Party talks : Two Koreas, US, Japan, China, RussiaChina, Russia
ProgressProgress (North Korea’s action to be taken by the end of
2007)
· disable key nuclear facilities
· provide a complete and correct declaration of all its nuclear programs
(other Six Party’s action)
· economic and energy assistance up to the equivalent of 1 million tons of
heavy fuel oil
· discuss normalization of US-North Korea relations, Japan-North Korea
relations
1616
(future course of action) · hold a Six Party Ministerial Meeting · dismantle North Korea’s nuclear facilities
Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals · to establish a permanent peace regime on the Korean
Peninsula · to develop a multilateral security forum in Northeast Asia
North Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear IssueNorth Korean Nuclear Issue
1717
Mutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing MechanismsMutually Reinforcing Mechanisms
6 Party Talks Inter-Korean Dialogue
1818
Future of the Korean Future of the Korean PeninsulaPeninsula
Future of the Korean Future of the Korean PeninsulaPeninsula
Korean Peninsula : core element for Korean Peninsula : core element for peace and stability of Northeast Asiapeace and stability of Northeast Asia
Unified Korea : a liberal democratic Unified Korea : a liberal democratic country with an open economycountry with an open economy
Greater role for world peace and Greater role for world peace and prosperityprosperity
1919Thank youThank you