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1QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
AlternativeAccess
Technologies
Peter [email protected]
AlternativeAccess
Technologies
Peter [email protected]
2QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
AgendaAgenda
• Changing Access Needs
• Access TechnologiesCable, DSLWireless,Ethernet, PONPowerline
3QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
ADSL
DSLAM
ISP2
ISP1 Comp B
Comp A
Access Technologies
POTSISDN
3
WirelessCable
CableHeadend Switch
FrameATMEthernet Other
?
WirelessHeadend
Wireless
IP Backbone
4QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Emerging Market for Dedicated High Speed Access is Expanding & Accelerating
Branch Enterprise
Small-MediumEnterprise
Telecommuter
Residential
Migration from PSTN/ISDN to High Speed Always On
Network Access
Cable and xDSL and Wireless and …Cable and xDSL and Wireless and …
ISPand/or
Enterprise
DialupDialupPSTNISDN
5QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
MotivationMotivation
• Incumbent infrastructure suppliers looking to leverage investment in local loop/cable
Cable TV OperatorsCable TV Operators and Telephony providersTelephony providers
Goal: Add new services using existing plant
Driven by: Internet and New World trends
• New entrantsNew entrants with little or no legacy infrastructure
VoiceTotal
TrafficVolume
Time
Data Video
Today Today
6QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
A Hypothetical propositionA Hypothetical proposition
Assume:
1 half sphere/per eye
24 bit colour
30 frames per second
2,400 dots per inch
10.4 billion pixels
One telepresence session requiresOne telepresence session requires
15 Terabits/second (uncompressed)15 Terabits/second (uncompressed)
Future Application Need: Telepresence
Source: Level(3) Communications
7QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
CableCable
7www.cisco.com
8QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
HFC Network Architecture
Headend
Hub
Hub
Node Node Node
Hub Node
COAXTap
Node
Node
DropSettop
TV
Node Node Node
6 MHz
HBOCNNESPN
9QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Cable Data System Schematic
Headend / Hub
ReceiversDescramblersScramblers
OpticalNodes
OpticalTransmitters
RF Combiner
AM & DigitalModulators
Off-AirChannels
SatelliteChannels
RFAmplifiers Tap
UniversalBroadbandRouter
Internet
10 Base T
SubscriberCable Modem
10QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
• Share Physical Media
Downstream - 27 Mbps (shared)Upstream - 2Mbps (shared)
• Link MAC Protocol
Ethernet on MPEGSecurity
• Cable ModemAuto-configuration
QoS
CableHeadendRouter
CableHeadendRouter
Ethernet Port
MCNS Summary
Tap
Cable Modem
TheNetwork
MCNS – Multimedia Cable Network Specifications DOCSIS - Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
11QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Cable HeadEnd Router
• Headend Router
Integrated cable modem headend and router
Cable interfaces, backend trunking
Based on Highend Router
Range of RF Cable Modem Cards- Upstream and Downstream
Based on Highend Router
Range of RF Cable Modem Cards- Upstream and Downstream
12QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Cable Subscriber Modems
• MCNS Subscriber Cable Modems
Varying requirements
Residential – BridgesSOHO, SMB – Routers
13QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
xDSLxDSL
13www.cisco.com
14QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
CentralOffice
(TelephoneExchange)
RemoteLocation
xDSL• x
Varies Depending on Technology ...
• DSL
Digital Subscriber Loop
SubscriberLoop
Today - TelephoneToday - TelephoneTomorrow ...Tomorrow ...
Today - TelephoneToday - TelephoneTomorrow ...Tomorrow ...
15QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
xDSL Physical Characteristics
Max Data RateDown/Up LinksMax Data RateDown/Up Links
VDSL - Very High RateVDSL - Very High Rate
Distancekm
Distancekm
SDSL - SymmetricSDSL - Symmetric
HDSL - High Bit RateHDSL - High Bit Rate
IDSL - ISDNIDSL - ISDN
ADSL - AsymmetricADSL - Asymmetric
52 Mbps/2.0Mbps52 Mbps/2.0Mbps .9.9
6.96.9
5.55.5
5.55.5
4.64.6
784kbp/784Kbps784kbp/784Kbps
144Kbps/144Kbps144Kbps/144Kbps
8 Mbps/1.0Mbps8 Mbps/1.0Mbps
2.0 Mbps/2.0 Mbps2.0 Mbps/2.0 Mbps
16QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
ATMCore
IPCore
ISP (a, b, c)
Corporate Gateway (x, y, z)
ADSL ArchitectureADSL Architecture
DSLAM Aggregator
16
Content Network
Consumers
ConnectionsConnectionsDelivered asDelivered asATM PVC’sATM PVC’s
ConnectionsConnectionsDelivered asDelivered asATM PVC’sATM PVC’s
TelephoneExchange
BackboneNetwork
17QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
ADSL SolutionADSL Solution
DSLAM AggregatorADSLCPE
DSL ATM
Ethernet
PPPoE(oA)
18QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
WirelessWireless
18www.cisco.com
19QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Fixed Mobile
Broadband 2GCellular
3GCellular
Enterprise,Campus,
andResidential
Wireless TechnologyWireless Technology
20QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Enterprise WirelessEnterprise Wireless
• Wireless LANs and Bridges
802.11, shared 11Mbps, 500m – 40km
• GSM to VoIP Gateways
IP VoIP
PSTN
21QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Fixed Wireless IssuesFixed Wireless Issues
• Reach
• Frequency Spectrum Availability
• Line of Sight (LOS) vs. non-LOS
• Point to Point vs. Point to Multipoint
22QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Non LOS WirelessNon LOS Wireless
• VOFDM
Vector Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
• Leverages multiple received signals to recreate original transmission
• Enables greater coverage and substantially reduces LoS limitations
…
Subscriber
Base Station
Paths
…
23QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Broadband Wireless Solutions
Broadband Wireless Solutions
Wireless Headend Router
Broadband“Last Mile”
Access
Internet
• Shared 10-22Mb using Cable MCNS MAC
• 3.4Ghz (licensed), 5.7Ghz (unlicensed)
Wireless AccessRouter
PSTN
24QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
EthernetEthernet
24www.cisco.com
25QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
October 31, 2000
““Business customers and service Business customers and service providers should be aware that a new providers should be aware that a new
breed of carrier is emerging. These breed of carrier is emerging. These new carriers are taking Ethernet new carriers are taking Ethernet
technology and extending it from the technology and extending it from the corporate LAN to metro and wide corporate LAN to metro and wide
area networksarea networks.”.”
Gigabit Ethernet: Can it Break the Metro Area Bottleneck ?
Gigabit Ethernet: Can it Break the Metro Area Bottleneck ?
26QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?Why Ethernet ?
• Very high performance
• FlexibleSub 10E, E, FE, GE, 10GE …
User configurable
• Really cheap
• Easily deployed
• Matches user requirementsTransport IP packets
• Easily combined with DWDM
27QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
BredbandsbolagetBredbandsbolaget
• 10E to home @ ~A$40/month
• GE backbone
• 750,000 users within CY2000
• Portal Centric (Full Service)
HomeResidential Area
City
Country
28QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
CogentCogent
Long Haul DWDM(128 x Oc192)
GE
Oc48Oc48
GE
FE
29QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
The Opportunity Cost of Laying a New Last Mile
The Opportunity Cost of Laying a New Last Mile
• Close match to Enterprise Networks
• A service provider service at least as high in performance as the Intranet
• Foundation for many other services
Portals, Hosting, ASP’s, VoIP, Video …
““… … this technology could bethis technology could bedisruptive to thedisruptive to the
traditional carriers traditional carriers ...”...”
October 31, 2000
30QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Central Office Distribution Network Subscriber Premises
OLTFibre Feeder
Splitter
32
Fibre DropONT
VoiceData
VideoVoiceDataVideo
1
Passive Optical NetworksPassive Optical Networks
• OLT – Optical Line Termination
• ONT – Optical Network Termination
• Passive Splitter
• Ethernet PON (EPON) and ATM PON (APON)
31QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
A
AONU-A
DiscardCB
C
CONU-C
BA
B
BONU-B
CA
OLTOLTCC BB1310nm
1550nmAA CCBB
AA
AA CCBB
AA CCBB
AA CCBB
AA
BB
CC
PON Operation
Discard
Discard
• Downstream/upstream on different wavelengths
• Downstream broadcast; ONU’s select packets
• Upstream using TDMA; synchronised by OLT
32QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
PowerLinePowerLine
32www.cisco.com
33QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
Power Distribution NetworkPower Distribution Network
CPE
PC
Medium Voltage GridLast Mile
Low VoltageLast 100m
High Voltage
In-PremiseLast Inch
Phone(s)
Internet
Utility Data Network(Fibre)
TransmissionEquipment
Distribution Transformer
“Copper-based” power distribution network
34QuestNet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
ObservationsObservations
34www.cisco.com
35QUESTnet 2001 © 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com
The Need for SpeedThe Need for Speed
• Technology, products and standards definitely driven by US market and regulations
Wireless spectrum licensing is a per country game
But US-model is not exclusive (or 100% relevant)
• Vigorous competition between cable and xDSL
• Rest of the World varies
As much regulation as infrastructure or technology
• Fundamentally changes network design
No last mile challenges …