11

Promoting Science and Promoting Science and Research for developing Research for developing

Innovations and Innovations and EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs

OGADA TomOGADA Tom

WIPO National Roving WIPO National Roving Workshops on Intellectual Workshops on Intellectual

Property Strategy, Nampula, Property Strategy, Nampula, February 9-10, 2006February 9-10, 2006

22

CONTENTS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE PRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

Stages for technological development

Constraints for promoting Innovation and Entrepreneurs through S&T

Innovation and Inventions Support Systems

Examples of success from outside Africa

Conclusions

33

• Six Stages for technological development

44

Stage One

Local Manpower

Have simple skills like driving and assembly work

Supervisory work done by expatriated

Universities and R&D institutions Universities few and

concentrate on humanities R&D institution non-existence

University –Industry Linkages Linkages Not existing TTr and commercialization of

R&D not practiced

Concept of Intellectual Property Not known in universities and

R&D institutions

55

Stage Two

Local Manpower

Train on supervision

Expatriate do general management

Universities and R&D institutions Universities start teaching

science and technology using expatriate lecturers

Locals sent abroad to acquire high level training in science and technology to built capacity for university and R&D research

University –Industry Linkages Linkages Not existing and TT of

R&D not practiced

Concept of Intellectual Property Not known in universities and

R&D institutions

66

Stage Three

Local Manpower

Local capacity developed for Svience, engineering and technology

Universities and R&D institutions

Locals start teaching and doing research in universities and R&D institutions

Bulk of research is funded from abroad and meets the research needs of foreign sponsors

University –Industry Linkages

Linkages and TT weak

Concept of Intellectual Property Little attention given to IP

77

Stage Four

Local Manpower

Local capacity in science, engineering and technology developed

Technologies developed elsewhere is being adapted to local conditions

Technologies developed

Universities and R&D institutions

Researchers start addressing local problems

University –Industry Linkages

Linkages start coming up

Concept of Intellectual Property

IP embraced and annual reports include IP generated and registered

88

Stage Five

Local ManpowerLocal capacity in to produce machines using local materials and suitable for local conditions

Universities and R&D institutionsLocal Scienstists and Researchers involved in applied and demand driven research

University –Industry LinkagesLinkages strong

Concept of Intellectual PropertyIP integrated in to the research culture of the university and R&D institution

99

Stage Six

Local Manpower

Local capacity available to produce machines which produce machines

Universities and R&D institutions

High level research

University –Industry Linkages R&D institutions produce

industries

Concept of Intellectual Property

IP integrated in to the research culture of the university and R&D institution

1010

• Current Characteristics of

Universities and R&D Institutions

1111

Current Characteristics of Current Characteristics of Universities and R&D Universities and R&D

InstitutionsInstitutions

Positive

There is adequate capacity for STI

Our own are involved in teaching and research at universities and R&D institutions

1212

Current Characteristics of Current Characteristics of Universities and R&D Universities and R&D

InstitutionsInstitutionsNegative

The contribution of universities and R&D institutions on economic development has remained poor

R&D are expensive investment and the society expect a return on the investment. Yet our findings remain gathering dusts in the shelf

Likages with industries has remained weak, yet experience from abroad shows that it is only through technology transfer that viable linkages can be sustained

1313

• Constraints of Promoting Innovation

and Entrepreneurs through Science and

Research

1414

Constraints from the Constraints from the IndustryIndustry

Limited contract and sponsored research from the industry

Industry see universities as theoretical

Industry see universities as difficult to deal with due to

Bureaucracy Inability to meet deadlines Inability to produce reports Lack of accountability and responsibility

Industry does not know of the capability of universities and R&D institutions

1515

Constraints from the Constraints from the Universities and R&D Universities and R&D

InstitutionsInstitutions

No mechanisms for dealing with industry

Prefer non-commercial partnership which depends on the goodwill of the industry

Lack skill for managing the generation, protection and commercial exploitation of R&D

Slow in decision making

1616

Constraints from the Constraints from the ResearcherResearcher

– Researchers do not have business skills required to convert their R&D findings into products

– The process of commercialization require business. Marketing, legal , Negotiation and other skills which are not found in a researchers

1717

• Support Systems for Promoting Innovation

and Entrepreneurs out of R&D activities

1818

Support SystemsSupport Systems

Business Incubation Systems

Technology Transfer Centers

University Based Companies

Industry or science Parks

1919

Business IncubatorBusiness Incubator

Coaches new business and provide support until maturity

Provides the following services

Developing business plansMarketing servicesFinancial servicesLegal ServicesOperating premises

2020

Technology Transfer Technology Transfer OfficesOffices

Obtained 66 Articles (1999-2004)

Links R&D institution with industry Manages the process of generation, protection and commercialization of R&D results Undertake technology licensing

2121

Technology ParksTechnology Parks

Connects researchers with investors Pilots new technologies Generates companies through spin-offsAttract contract and sponsored research

2222

University Based University Based CompaniesCompanies

Connects researchers with investors Pilots new technologies Generates companies through spin-offsAttract contract and sponsored researchPromotes consultancy and shortcourses

2323

EXAMPLESEXAMPLES

Germany

USA

Sweden

Mexico

Venezuela

Korea

India

Kenya

2424

GERMANYGERMANY

Research ContractsUniversity of Aachen

32 000 students800 employees based on CR

Technology Transfer CentersSteinbeis Foundation

405 TTC20 000 SMEs82 million Euro generated

Business Incubation ServicesAachen Business Incubator

85 COMPANIES COACHEDSUCCESS RATE 80%Graduation in three years

2525

SWEDENSWEDEN

Technology or Science Park

Assist researchers to commercialize innovation

Trains researchers on entrepreneurship and Innovation

Supports high tech spin off companies

Acts as business incubator

Chalmers University of Technology

Lack IP awareness by court 240 spin off companies in 30 years

2626

USAUSA

TTO within the university important

Pressure on R&D to justify investment

US AUTM reports a total of 3765 license agreements based on technology transfer

Some US $ 1.26 billion earned in 2000 earned by universities

2727

MEXICOMEXICO

Over 100 universities

140 technological institutions

Industries Collaborate with universities and R&D institutions in producing paten table products

2828

VENEZUALAVENEZUALA

Simon Bolivar University has a company which links industry and the university.

Through the company, the university earned US$ 4 million in 2000

2929

KoreaKorea

Has an euivalent of siloc valley

KAIST has a business incubatorTechnology Licensing Office

3030

IndiaIndia

Indian Institute of Technology has a Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer

Organizes entrepreneurship training

Promote contract research

Promote consultancy and short courses

3131

KENYAKENYA

Three out of the six universities have companies