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1 | Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov
Offshore Wind Energy Overview Patrick GilmanEnvironmental & Siting SpecialistWind and Water Power Program
February 16, 2011
2 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Agenda
1. Overview of offshore wind technology2. National Offshore Wind Strategy3. DOE offshore wind research plan
– Removing Market Barriers solicitation– Research plan– Interagency collaboration
3 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Offshore Wind: Huge Potential
Great Lakes: 734 GW
Pacific: 930 GW
Atlantic: 1256 GW
Gulf Coast: 594 GWHawaii: 637 GW
Total gross resource potential does not consider exclusion zones or siting concerns
Proposed project
Europe: 3 GW offshore wind installed, 3 GW under construction, 20 GW permitted
China: 135 MW installed, 2 GW authorized
US: 2.4 GW proposed
4 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Energy Environment EconomyLarge renewable resource close to load (1070 GW in shallow waters; 4150 GW total)
Reduced GHG emissions (2.7 M tons CO2
emissions avoided / GW / year)
Jobs manufacturing, installing, operating, and maintaining systems (54 GW of offshore = 43,000 permanent jobs)
Availability matches peak load (28 coastal states consume 78% of electricity)
Reduced water consumption (81 billion gallons saved annually)
Economic recovery and industrial development (1 GW offshore = $4.2B investment)
Energy diversity & security
Reduced need for new land-based transmission
Potential for cost-competitive electricity in high-price markets
Offshore Wind Benefits
5 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Environmental Impacts of Offshore Wind
• Wide range of potential impacts, little U.S. data: – Benthic communities– Bird and bat mortality– Construction and operation noise– Migratory displacement– EMF effects– Human: cultural, socioeconomic
• Substantial European experience: 350+ studies, no showstoppers identified
From the Final Report of Danish Monitoring Program, 2006:“…offshore wind power is indeed possible to engineer in an environmentally sustainable manner that does not lead to significant damage to nature.…the prospects for future expansion of offshore wind farms look bright.”
6 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Offshore Wind Turbine Components
Blades
Tower
Nacelle
Transition Piece
Rotor Hub
Gearbox Generator
Foundation
Evolution of Foundation
Designs
7 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Evolution of Commercial Wind Technology
8 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
• Announced by Secretary of Energy Chu and Secretary of the Interior Salazar on 2/7/2011
• Developed over 7+ months with input from federal partners, industry, stakeholders, and public
• Demonstrates strong commitment by federal government to developing offshore wind energy resources in a responsible manner
• Leverages capabilities, expertise, and funding of individual agencies to increase federal government’s ability to accelerate responsible offshore wind deployment
National Offshore Wind Strategy
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/pdfs/national_offshore_wind_strategy.pdf
9 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Key Points of National Strategy
1. Offshore wind can create substantial benefits for the nation:– Reduced GHG emissions– Diversified energy supply– Economic revitalization
2. The challenges facing offshore wind deployment are daunting: – High capital & financing costs– Lack of specialized infrastructure– Lack of site data and experience with permitting processes
3. To realize these benefits in spite of the challenges, DOE will:– Reduce the levelized cost of energy from 26.9 ¢/kWh to 7 ¢/kWh by 2030– Help reduce market barriers: environmental impacts, infrastructure, transmission– Partner in the installation of the first demonstration-scale projects
4. Understanding and mitigating environmental impacts of offshore wind are critical to this strategy
10 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
DOE Offshore Wind Funding Opportunities: $50.5 million, 5 years
• Technology Development FOA (up to $25M, 5 years)– Long-term technology R&D to reduce cost of offshore wind energy
• Market Barriers Removal FOA (up to $18M, 3 years)– Research to close data gaps needed for project permitting; expand knowledge base on
offshore wind environmental effects; develop strategies & planning for long-term industry cost-competitiveness
– Topics:1. Offshore wind market & economic analysis2. Environmental & socioeconomic risk reduction:
– Mid-Atlantic Baseline Study, Environmental Monitoring Methods and Technologies3. Manufacturing & supply chain development4. Transmission planning & interconnect strategies5. Ports, vessels & operations6. Wind energy resource characterization & design conditions7. Marine navigation & communications equipment impacts
• Next-Generation On/Offshore Drivetrain FOA (up to $7.5M, 3 years)– Develop core technologies for next-generation turbines, ensuring competitiveness of
domestic OEMs
• More to come – Stay tuned
11 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
1. Baseline environmental data collection and analysis
2. Developing the necessary technologies and methods to assess and monitor environmental impacts
3. Before-After-Control-Impact type studies on actual wind farms from site assessment through operations to identify specific impacts
4. Development of avoidance and mitigation measures
5. Studies on cumulative impacts of large-scale deployment
Environmental Research Plan
12 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
• DOE can’t go it alone: collaboration with federal & state agencies, NGOs and other stakeholders is essential
• We’re ready to partner: DOE is eager to work with other agencies to meet these challenges
A Call to Action
13 | Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy eere.energy.gov
Thank You
Patrick GilmanEnvironmental & Siting SpecialistDOE Wind and Water Power [email protected]