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PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE FOR RADIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY IN JAPAN

Masashi Kanamori

Nuclear Emergency Assistance & Training Center

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo, Hitachinaka, Ibaraki 、 JAPAN 311-1206

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CONTENTS

■ JCO criticality accident, lessons

■ Preparedness and response

■ International activities

■ Future issues

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JCO CRITICALITY ACCIDENT

■ In September 1999, a criticality accident occurred at JCO in Japan.

■ JAERI and JNC were the designated public organizations to deal with emergency preparedness.

■ Actions taken conformed to the Japanese Basic Law regarding Emergency Preparedness.

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■ JCO Criticality Accident

■ 　　　 Exposures were mainly from direct radiations, some rare gases and radioactive iodine were released into the environment, but the effect was small.

■ As the tank and the building were not damaged, most of the fission products were confined in the tank.

■ JAEA-Technology 2009-079, JCO Criticality Accident Termination Operation

■ The accident was rated as level 4 on the International Nuclear Event Scale.

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Lessons learned from the criticality accident

■ initial responses and communications

■ Authority, responsibility and decision making

■ Radiation measurements and medical responses

■ Regulatory Systems

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Establishment of the various systems

■ The Law of Emergency Preparedness for Nuclear Disasters was enacted in December 1999 ．

■ The Basic Plan for Emergency Preparedness was revised clarifying roles and responsibilities of the related organizations.

■ An OFC would be designated in a case of emergency as the base for implementing responses.

■ JAEA/NEAT is expected to assist the staff of the OFC as the designated public organization.

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Legislation in Special Law of Emergency Preparedness for Nuclear Disaster

■ Assignment of Off-site center

■ designation of the special nuclear disaster preparedness officer

■ Implementation of nuclear emergency exercises

■ Nuclear emergency plans for nuclear industries

■ Establishment of adequate radiation monitoring systems

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Actions defined by Law

Article-10: Disaster preparedness manager shall inform the competent minister, governor and local authorities of the defined incidents.

Article-15: In the case of a nuclear disaster the competent minister

shall report the situations to the Prime Minister who will in turn declare a disaster.

Article-10 Article-15

0.05-0.1 μSv/h(normal dose rate)

5 μSv/h10 min

500 μSv/h10 min

Organizational arrangements for nuclear emergency response

■ The organizational arrangements in nuclear emergency preparedness in Japan are provided by the Laws.

■ OFC would play an important roll in the negotiations with the related organizations.

■ The government have established the NEAT to fulfill these activities effectively for assisting the OFC.

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Organizational arrangements for nuclear emergency response

　　

Local Nuclear EmergencyResponse Headquarters

The Joint Council of Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures

Headquarter of cities, towns,

villages

ＮＥＡＴ　Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ

License Holder

Technical support

Organization related to disaster preparedness

　　　　　　 Police 　　　　　　　　　　 JNES　　　　　　 Fire Station 　　　　　 NIRS　　　　　　 Self-Defense Forces NUSTEC

Headquarter of prefecture

Nuclear Emergency Response Headquarters

Chairman: Prime Minister

Off-site Center

Nuclear SafetyCommission

Cabinet Office METI MEXT Ministry of Defense Fire and Disaster Management Agency National Police Agency

●

●

●

●

●

●

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advice

NEAT

Off-site Center

information

information information

Specialists

Nuclear Company

instruction

EvacuationSheltering

Public

Monitoring

　　 Central Government

advice

RadiationProtection

Nuclear Safety Commission

Local Government

Specialists

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Off site center （ 22 places in Japan ）　　

NEAT Center （ Ibaraki Prefecture ） is technical assistance base of JAEA

Fukui branch office of NEAT Center (Fukui Prefecture)

Off-site center is regional activity base for nuclear emergency response

Exercises planned by centra1 and local governments, etc.

■ Many kinds of exercises and drills are conducted in the related organizations.

■ These exercises are integrated as a full-scale national exercise which is planned and carried out every year.

■ This scheme is shown in the next figure.

■ The staff of NEAT attends these exercises and support technically by dispatching specialists and providing special vehicles, etc.

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Exercises planned by central and local governments

■ Many kinds of exercises and drills are conducted by the related organizations.

■ These exercises are integrated as a full-scale national exercise which is planned and carried out every year.

■ This scheme is shown in the figure on page 16.

■ The staff of NEAT attends these exercises and provide technical support by dispatching specialists and providing special vehicles, etc.

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Objectives of nuclear emergency exercises

■ to assess the level of preparedness of each organization and its staff to react to a simulated emergency

■ to assess the ability of the staff as to establish whether information sharing and cooperation among related organizations

■to inform affected persons including residents

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Purposes of the national exercise

■ To ensure the initial response and communication

■To improve the public relation activities

■ To test a evacuation by personal vehicles

■ To ensure the speedy and safe evacuation of the physically and mentally challenged

Organizational arrangements for nuclear emergency response

■ The organizational arrangements in nuclear emergency preparedness in Japan are provided by the Laws.

■ OFC would play an important roll in the negotiations with the related organizations.

■ The government have established the NEAT to fulfill these activities effectively for assisting the OFC.

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Full-scale National ExerciseAnnual exercise for all the relevant parties

One selected prefecture, with evacuation of residents, Decision maker (utterance based)

Scenario, narrative based stimulated

Annual Prefectural Exercise (one prefecture a year, organized by the prefecture)

Mainly decision making process in the Off Cite Center, partial exercise

Disaster specialists drill who have to lead OFC activities

Drill for the relevant transport groups

Exercises for the facilities regulated by MEXT

Basic training for every function of the full scale National Exercise

Exercise for large scale earthquake on DP Day

Partial National exercise

Prefectural Exercise

OFC Drill

Disaster specialist Drill

Transport Accident Drill

MEXT ExerciseMEXT Exercise

Basic Training,

DP Day government exercise

Over View of Annual Exercises in Japan

DS ： Disaster specialist

Ministries NISACabinetPurpose and Feature Local Gov.OFC

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Evaluation methods of the national exercise

■ All the responses including alert times, announcements etc. are recorded by the assistants of the evaluators.

■ Questionnaires are distributed to all the participants.

■ Records and Questionnaires are assessed by specialists assigned by external organizations.

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Feedback from exercises

■ Lessons leaned through the results reviewed in meetings after the exercises .

■ Outcomes are summarized and incorporated into existing manuals

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Comprehensive exercise in Ibaraki prefecture

■ The central government and the Ibaraki prefectural government carried out the comprehensive exercise in December 2009.

■ The exercise was conducted at Unit 2 of Tokai nuclear power station , Tokai-Mura, Ibaraki prefecture.

■ The exercise was carried out by 120 organizations such as the central government, local governments, etc. and about

　 3,200 persons participated.

■ In this exercise the evacuation of local residents by various means including evacuation by residents' own vehicles

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■ Exercise in Ibaraki prefecture

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Exercise for Malicious Acts

■ Tokyo metropolitan government carried out exercises to practice responses to large-scale terrorist incidents in November 2007. (In this scenario a series of terrorist attacks involving “dirty bombs” and the dissemination of chemical agents were carried out.)

■ In February 2010, the central government and the Kanagawa prefectural government carried out map training exercises using the

same scenario.

■ The staff of NEAT also attended these exercises and provided technical support.

Exercise in TOKYO metropolitan government (1)

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Exercise in TOKYO metropolitan government

Exercise in TOKYO metropolitan government (3)

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Activities of NEAT

Main activities of NEAT

■ Promoting disaster preparedness activities.

■ Dispatching specialists and providing emergency equipment and materials.

■ Providing monitoring equipment for emergencies and supporting monitoring activities.

■ Responding to accidents in the transportation of nuclear fuel.

■ Providing training and exercises for disaster preparedness.

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■ NEAT Center and IBARAKI-OFC

Training bldg.

IBARAKI-OFC

Main bldg.Material Garage

Heliport

■History of NEAT

Sep. 1999 Criticality Accident at Tokai

Dec. 1999 The Law of Special Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures was enacted

Jan. 2000 Setting up the section for preparing Emergency Assistant & Training Center in JNC

Apr. 2001 NEAT was set up in JNC in Cooperation with 　　　　　　　　　　　　 JEARI. Beginning of Facilities Construction

Mar. 2002 Beginning of NEAT Facilities Operation

Oct. 2005 Japan Atomic Energy Agency was founded

■Role of NEAT

■ In an Emergency - NEAT support emergency response by dispatching specialist and supplying special equipments, - And was follow up support including supplying information.

■ During Normal Time Education and training of all types of personnel involved in activities from special officer disaster prevention to local government staff, fire fighter, police and help workers.

■Legal Role of JAEA at Nuclear Emergency

■ Designated Public Organizations - Basic Law on Emergency Preparedness

■ Dispatch of experts and Supplying special equipments　 ‐ Basic Plan for Emergency Preparedness

■ NEAT Center is the disaster response support base facilities of JAEA

-Nuclear Disaster Countermeasures Manual

Overview of NEAT System

■ Nationwide Communication Network System

■ Terminal of Nationwide Emergency Support System

- SPEEDI, ERSS and Nationwide Environmental Monitor System

■ Emergency Pager System

■ Geographical Information System

■ Information Sharing System

■ Telephone Service System

■ Information Database System

■ Media Monitor System

■Supporting System for Disaster Countermeasures

　　 Nationwide Communication Network System

Emergency Center of the

Central Government

Off-site Center

Dedicated Line

General Circuit

Satellite

NEAT

Internet Circuit

Mobile Type Command Vehicle

Geographical Information Data

Information Sharing System

Telephone Service Room

Media Monitor Room

■ Special Vehicles and Devices

■ Body Surface Contamination Monitoring Vehicle

■ Whole Body Counting Vehicle

■ Body Washing Vehicle

■ Command Vehicle

■ Environment Monitoring Vehicle

■ Delivery Vehicle

■ Radiation Measuring Instruments

Surface contamination monitoring vehicle

Whole body counting vehicle

Command vehicle

Delivery vehicle

■ Training and Education

■ Fostering Emergency Responding Personnel

- Basic Training in Emergency Response a. Risk Management Training b. Planning of Nuclear Emergency Exercise 　 c. Public Relation during Nuclear Emergency Situation - Training for Specialist - Training for NEAT Personal

Emergency Exercise

Team training at OFCHeadquarters of OFC

■Participating in Disaster Prevention Exercise

Specialist boarding Specialist boarding （（ Fukuoka airportFukuoka airport ））

■Participating in Disaster Prevention Exercise

Specialist boarding Specialist boarding （（ Ibaraki airportIbaraki airport ））

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Surface contamination monitoring vehicle

Whole body counting vehicle

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International activities

■ JNES and JAEA have been providing technical support to IAEA and providing assistants with Asian Nuclear Safety Network (ANSN)

activities.

■ A NEAT representative led a topical group on emergency preparedness and response under the frame work of ANSN.

■ JNES and JAEA also organized various meetings and workshops to strengthen emergency preparedness in Asian countries.

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Future issues

■ Functions of Emergency related organizations will continue to be tested in emergency exercises.

■ We are continuing to improve the systems in emergency preparedness and response in Japan.

■ The knowledge gained by the various organizations mentioned in this report can then be shared with other Asian counties.

■ The IAEA plays an important roll in providing funds and opportunities.

■ It is also important to further our research on such issues as RDD and consolidate our recovery phase programs.

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　　 Thank you for your attention.