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Pre-1865(part I, up to 1783)

Concepts/Words/Events/VocabularyYou need to know for the Graduation

Test in Social Studies

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When we finish with this ppt you should be able to : SSUSH1 The student will describe European settlement in North America during the

17th century. • a. Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation,

relationships with Native Americans such as Powhatan, development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the development of slavery.

• b. Describe the settlement of New England; include religious reasons, relations with Native Americans (e.g., King Phillip’s War), the establishment of town meetings and development of a legislature, religious tensions that led to the founding of Rhode Island, the half-way covenant, Salem Witch Trials, and the loss of the Massachusetts charter and the transition to a royal colony.

• c. Explain the development of the mid-Atlantic colonies; include the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam and subsequent English takeover, and the settlement of Pennsylvania.

• d. Explain the reasons for French settlement of Quebec. • e. Analyze the impact of location and place on colonial settlement, transportation, and

economic development; include the southern, middle, and New England colonies.

SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed.

• a. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade. • b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American

culture. • c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism. • d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening. •

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SSUSH3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

• a. Explain how the end of Anglo-French imperial competition as seen in the French and Indian War and the 1763 Treaty of Paris laid the groundwork for the American Revolution.

• b. Explain colonial response to such British actions as the Proclamation of 1763, the Stamp Act, and the Intolerable Acts as seen in Sons and Daughters of Liberty and Committees of Correspondence.

• c. Explain the importance of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense to the movement for independence.

SSUSH4 The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution.

• a. Explain the language, organization, and intellectual sources of the Declaration of Independence; include the writing of John Locke and the role of Thomas Jefferson.

• b. Explain the reason for and significance of the French alliance and foreign assistance and the roles of Benjamin Franklin and the Marquis de Lafayette.

• c. Analyze George Washington as a military leader; include the creation of a professional military and the life of a common soldier, and describe the significance of the crossing of the Delaware River and Valley Forge.

• d. Explain the role of geography at the Battle of Yorktown, the role of Lord Cornwallis, and the Treaty of Paris, 1783.

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North America before the white man came

• Bering Land Bridge

• Native Americans migrate from Russia to South America

• Large Civilizations in Mexico, Latin America, and South America

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Toltec and Olmec

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Maya- native American empire in Guatemala and Yucatan Peninsula ,

south of Mexico

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Inca• Native American empire in South America

• Conquered by Pizarro in 1530

• Had an advanced calendar

• Quipa to write

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• Native American empire in Mexico

• Cortez conquers in 1500’s after killing their leader, Montezuma

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Spain in the New world

• Magellan- sails around the

world• Columbus- discovers Latin America looking for a

route to India and the spice trade• Cortez- conquers the Aztec in Mexico • Pissarro- Conquers the Inca in South America • Ponce de Leon- explores Florida• St Augustine- oldest European settlement in

North America (Spanish)

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Journey of the Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto

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• Journey of Coronado as he explorers for Spain in Southwest America

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France in the New world

• Champlain explores the area known as Upper New York and Canada today

• Quebec

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Quebec Colony

• Settled by French in what is now Canada

• Based on the fur trade

• The French had better relations with the Indians because they were not there to take their land

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England in the New world

• Cabot sails and explores the area of New England and Canada . Claims this area for England

• Raleigh explores Virginia

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New Spain/New France

1600’s• Spanish territories in the new

World that included what is called today Florida, California and Southwest USA

• French territories in the New World that include Quebec in what is now Canada

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Colombian exchange

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Roanoke

• First English colony in North America

• Disappeared with all of its inhabitants

• Jamestown becomes the first successful permanent colony in the New World

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Virginia company

• Financial Company in England that provides the funds for a ship to go to the New World and look for gold and establish settlements

• It is a joint stock company

• They find an area and call it Virginia

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Joint Stock Company

• an association of individuals in a business enterprise with transferable shares of stock

• Used to obtain the money to set up the first permanent colony in the New World

• Jamestown ,Virginia 1607

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Jamestown

• First permanent English settlement in the New world

• The men came looking for gold and settled in a swamp

• Powhatan helped them and they began to farm tobacco

• Grew wealthy and powerful

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Powhatan

• Native American tribe and chief who helped the English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia

• Taught settlers how to grow tobacco and develop the colony built on smoke

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Indentured Servants

• People who agreed to work for a Master for a period of years (usually 7) to pay off their passage fee to the New World

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Bacon’s Rebellion

• an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon, a former indentured servant.

• The rebels demanded that American Indians be driven out because they wanted their land and when this did not happen they rebelled and burned Jamestown

• First rebellion in the New World by white men

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House of Burgesses

• the first assembly of elected representatives in colonial Virginia.

• Beginning of representative government in the colonies

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Development of slavery

• Slavery increases after Bacon’s rebellion because of a lack of trust in indentured servants

• Mainly slaves are in the agricultural South but they are also up

North

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The First Great Migration

• Migration of people from England to what is now the Northeastern and Southeastern United States, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Caribbean during the 1630s

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Mayflower Compact

• The Pilgrims make an agreement to establish a government, in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 11, 1620.

• It is a social contract in which the settlers consented to follow the compact's rules and regulations for the sake of survival.

• Beginning of self government in the New World

• First known self-governing document in the world

• First step towards representative democracy in the New World

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Pilgrims and Puritans

• Pilgrims are the Dissenters who wanted a brand new church and landed in Plymouth Massachusetts

• Puritans wanted to just purify the church and created the Massachusetts Bay colony

• Pilgrims eventually “melt” into the Puritans and most move to the Bay colony

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King Phillip’s War

• A war between Native American inhabitants of New England (Mass) and English colonists from 1675–1676.

• Native Americans are dying and losing their lands

• One of the bloodiest and costliest wars in the history of America.

• King Philip (Chief Metacomet) lost

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Rhode Island

• Colony settled by Roger Williams, who was kicked out of the Massachusetts Bay colony for his religious Anabaptist beliefs, and Anne Hutchinson, also kicked out for her religious beliefs

• First colony with religious freedom

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the half-way covenant

• a form of partial church membership created by New England Puritans in 1662.

• You could sin and still be a member of the church

• Overall, religious feelings began to decrease

• Led to the Great Awakening

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Salem Witch Trials

• A series of trials to prosecute people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693.

• Some people were executed as witches

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Town meetings

• a meeting where the population of a town participates in a gathering for the purpose of running their government

• practiced in the region of New England

• Along with the House of Burgesses, beginning of representative government in the New world

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Loss of Massachusetts Charter

• English King is not happy with Massachusetts independence and takes away their charter to be a colony

• Puts them under his authority as a royal colony

• Massachusetts very unhappy with this and it is a spark that will lead to the American Revolution

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New Amsterdam

• Henry Hudson explores the area called the Hudson River and claims it for the Dutch who call their country the Netherlands

• Main city of New Netherlands, the Dutch colony in North America ( NY, NJ, Conn, today)

• Last governor was Peter Stuyvesant

• Taken by British and renamed New York city

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Quakers

• Established colony of Philadelphia that becomes Pennsylvania

• Peaceful, anti-slavery and anti-war

• William Penn is Quaker founder of Pennsylvania

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Philadelphia

• City of Brotherly Love

• The Holy Experiment

• Founded by William Penn

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13 Colonies

Southern New England Middle Atlantic

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Middle Atlantic

Colonies

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New England Colonies

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Southern

Colonies

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• children required to read to understandBible

• large families, six to nine children ormore

• men working as artisans or small farmers;some in fishing, trade, and business

• small farms that could be managed bylarge families

• religious tensions, witchcrafttrials, belief in moral life

widespread ruralareas with few townsor schools; educationonly for children of the

wealthy, not of the poor• conflicts between freed indentured

servants, wealthy, andIndians for property

• immigrants mostly indentured servants, menand boys

• climate that bred disease, many deaths, smallfamilies

• slave class created by forbidding freedom,education

• large plantations that required manyhands; gave rise to slavery

Life in the New England Colonies

Life in the Southern Colonies

• arrived in colonieslooking for better

life• sought religious

freedom• manyfarmers

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Seven years war

• involved all of the major European powers of the period (1756–1763)

• The war ended France's position as a major colonial power

• Great Britain emerged as the dominant colonial power in the world and wanted the colonies to pay for their expenses

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Salutary Neglect

• During the Seven Years War, Britain ignored the 13 colonies because they had bigger fish to fry

• They had to beat the French• They “sort of” neglected the colonies in a

good way. Left us to our own devices and we did fine.

• After the war, Britain starts to be involved with the 13 colonies again. Want more of a say. We are not happy.

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mercantilism

• an economic theory that holds that the prosperity of a nation is dependent upon its supply of capital

• Economic assets or capital, are represented by gold and silver

• The best way to be prosperous is to have colonies who provide raw materials

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Trans Atlantic or Triangular Trade

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Middle Passage

• The middle portion of the Triangular trade brought slaves from Africa to the North American colonies

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Great Awakening- series of religious revivals in the colonies that emphasized

the right to freedom of choice

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The 13 colonies on the eve of the Revolutionary war

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Benjamin Franklin

• Model for an all around American patriot

• Moved up the social ladder from very poor to respectable; admired and well off

• Scientist, printer, publisher, diplomat, inventor, writer

• Little Richard’s Almanac• Invents bifocals, swim fins• Experimented with

electricity

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French and

Indian war

• North American chapter of the Seven Years' War, (1754–1763)

• William Pitt, Secretary of State of Great Britain was largely responsible for the British winning the war.

• George Washington fought in the war and learned British war tactics

• Ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763.

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1763 Treaty of Paris

• Ends French and Indian War• Britain wants colonists to pay off

their debt from this war• British felt that the colonists owed

them for fighting the French in North America.

• Colonists felt they did not ask for Britain to fight a war on their land so they should not have to pay for it

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• Natives are being pushed off their land.

• Pontiac’s Rebellion- Indians try to stop westward movement of white people by destroying British forts.

• British offer generous peace terms. Guess who this ticks off? Yes, the colonists!

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Proclamation of 1763

• Ordered all settlers to withdraw temporarily from all lands west of the Appalachians.– Result of Pontiac’s

Rebellion.

• Reserved certain lands for the Indians.

• Fur Trade put under control of royalty. Guess who benefits from that action? Not the colonists!

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Stamp Act of 1765

• Levied taxes on diplomas, playing cards, newspapers, advertisements, and all legal documents.

“An Emblem of the Effects of the STAMP,” a warning against the Stamp Act published in the Pennsylvania Journal, October 1765; in the New York Public Library.

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Sons and Daughters of Liberty

• Patriots• Dedicated to gaining

freedom from Great Britain and King George III

• Aggressively for the American revolution

• Created riots in the streets • Who are Tories?

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Sugar Act of 1764

• Attempt by British Parliament to raise money to protect the colonies.

• Placed a duty or tax on molasses, sugar, and other imports.– Reduced the Molasses Act

duty.

• Royal inspectors searched homes looking for smuggled goods from other countries.

• Severely hurts the rum business.

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Intolerable Acts of 1774

1. Closed port of Boston to all shipping until colonists paid for destroyed tea.

2. Revoked Massachusetts charter and forbade town meetings.

3. Required colonists to provide food and shelter to British soldiers sent to America to enforce new laws.

4. British officials charged w/ crimes committed in America could have cases tried in England. !

@#*/!CFFC

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disseminating

• To sow and scatter principles, ideas, opinions among others

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Committees of Correspondence. • Groups organized by the local governments of

the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution for the purposes of coordinating written communication outside of the colony.

• They wrote to other colonists and told them what was going on with the British

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Boston Tea Party

• an act of protest by the American colonists against the British Government in which they destroyed many crates of tea belonging to the British East India Company and dumped it into the Boston Harbor while dressed as Indians.

• The incident, which took place on December 16, 1773, was a major catalyst or cause of the American Revolution

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The Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770• Large crowd gathered

around British soldiers.• Soldiers fired upon the

crowd- 5 civilians killed and 6 injured.

• Crispus Attucks- black slave first person killed.

• Boston crowd cries “massacre”, forces troops to leave

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John Locke (the key)

• He influenced Thomas Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence

• Locke believed in life, liberty and right to property

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Montesquieu

• Our Constitution is based on his ideas of separation of powers and three branches of government

• Legislative, judicial, and executive

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Thomas Jefferson

• Virginia lawmaker and plantation owner.

• Writer of the Declaration of Independence.

You have rights that can not be

taken away . They are

inalienable…Life, liberty

and pursuit of happiness

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Should the colonies declare Independence?

Colonists fears about war1. Fear of mob rule

without British control.

2. Failure to win could lead to executions.

3. Merely resisting specific acts would turn British friends against them.

To offset the arguments and fears of war1. British govt. had

committed acts that had violated their rights as English subjects.

2. Colonial blood had been shed.

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The Declaration of Independence in a nutshell- a break up note to King George III

Preamble and reasons for separation

• 27 reasons• Appeal to Europe and America

as to the justice of our cause by stating

A theory of govt.• “All men are created equal.”• Govt. exists to secure the rights

of free men.• People have right to change govt

if they are treated unfairly.• A social contract

A formal declaration of war

• Leaders would be judged guilty of treason but we the signed

Pledge “our lives, our fortunes, our sacred honor.”

• “unalienable rights”- Rights that cannot be taken away– “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of

happiness”

• “consent of the governed”- Right of the people to give govt. the authority to govern.

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Lexington and Concord

• the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)

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Battle of Bunker Hill

• June 17, 1775• British advance on

Breeds Hill near Charlestown.– Led by General Gage.

• Patriots retreat– 450 Patriots killed.– 1000 British killed.

• King George III hires professional German soldiers to fight the “rebel” colonists.– Hessians

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Thomas Paine

• Wrote “Common Sense”

• Wanted war with Britain

• Was a Patriot

• T-Paine

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First and Second Continental Congress

• The colonies’ government during the Revolutionary War

• They ruled using a document called the Articles of Confederation

• They appointed GEORGE WASHINGTON the Commander of

the Continental Army

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George Washington

• Virginia planter and surveyor

• Fought in the French and Indian War

• Commander of the Continental army during the American Revolution

• Won at Delaware River, Trenton, Princeton, Yorktown

• Endured Valley Forge• First President of the

USA• Put down the Whisky

Rebellion• My hero

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Crossing the Delaware River

• George Washington’s great comeback

• He led the American forces across the Delaware River to capture nearly 1,000 Hessians in Trenton, New Jersey at Christmas time.

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Valley Forge.

• General Washington spent a long and almost disastrous winter here between the active seasons for fighting in the revolutionary war

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Battle at Saratoga

• Turning Point of the American revolution

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Marquis de Lafayette

• served in the Continental Army under George Washington.

• negotiated an increased French commitment to the American revolution.

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France as an ally in the American Revolution

• France began to help the colonies after the battle at Saratoga• Ben Franklin, Marquis de Lafayette, and

Thomas Jefferson were largely responsible for France’s involvement with the American Revolution

• The colonies won the American Revolution with the assistance of the French navy at Yorktown

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Yorktown

• Battle where the British general Cornwallis surrendered to the colonies

• America wins the revolution here because we used geography to help us defeat Cornwallis by blocking him in and taking away his escape route

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Lord Cornwallis

• British general who surrenders to the Colonies at Yorktown

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Treaty of Paris, 1783.

• The treaty that is signed in Paris ending the American Revolution

• Grants America their freedom from Britain

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Relax

• Breathe• Count to 10• Exhale• Do this 10 times• Clench your body then relax it • Shake off the stress from the top of your head to

the ends of your fingers• Do this 5 times• Repeat shaking off the stress from your chest to

your toes 5 times