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« Poultry HPAI Vaccination: Decision Making »
Dr Christianne BruschkeScientific and Technical Department
GDLN seminarParis, 17 October 2007
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OIE documents on HPAI Vaccination
OIE Terrestrial Manual:OIE Terrestrial Manual:• Chapter I.1.7: Principles of Veterinary Vaccine Chapter I.1.7: Principles of Veterinary Vaccine ProductionProduction
• Chapter 2.1.14: Highly Pathogenic AvianChapter 2.1.14: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Influenza
In Collaboration with FAO:In Collaboration with FAO:• OIE information document on avian influenza OIE information document on avian influenza vaccination (March 2006)vaccination (March 2006)
• OIE guidelines on vaccination against HPAI (May OIE guidelines on vaccination against HPAI (May 2007)2007)
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Guidelines on the implementation of AI Vaccination
To guide countries in their decision making onTo guide countries in their decision making onthe implementation of eradication strategies the implementation of eradication strategies including vaccination including vaccination
To establish detailed guidelines and a checklist To establish detailed guidelines and a checklist for the application, monitoring, precautionary for the application, monitoring, precautionary measures of vaccination strategies measures of vaccination strategies
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Strategy from Beginning:To Minimize Threat at Animal Source•Early Early detection detection and and early early warningwarning
•Rapid and transparent notificationRapid and transparent notification
•Rapid confirmation of suspects Rapid confirmation of suspects
•Rapid response Rapid response • use of vaccination when available and if appropriateuse of vaccination when available and if appropriate
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Vaccination
• Induction of immune responseInduction of immune response• Protection against morbidity, mortality and decline of egg Protection against morbidity, mortality and decline of egg productionproduction
• Higher resistance to infectionHigher resistance to infection• Decrease of virus sheddingDecrease of virus shedding• Reduction of spread between birds and flocksReduction of spread between birds and flocks
Vaccination should always be complemented by Vaccination should always be complemented by other measures like increase biosecurity, other measures like increase biosecurity,
movement controls and stamping outmovement controls and stamping out
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Analysis before Vaccination decision
• National regulationsNational regulations• Local epidemiological situationLocal epidemiological situation• Zoo-technical aspectsZoo-technical aspects• Socio-economic aspectsSocio-economic aspects• Capacity of the Veterinary ServicesCapacity of the Veterinary Services• Financial situationFinancial situation• Availability of sufficient high quality vaccineAvailability of sufficient high quality vaccine• Trade implicationsTrade implications
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Local epidemiological situation
• Knowledge of the outcome surveillance systemKnowledge of the outcome surveillance system• Status neighboring countriesStatus neighboring countries• Status trade partnersStatus trade partners• Presence of legal or illegal international tradePresence of legal or illegal international trade• Presence of live bird marketsPresence of live bird markets• Infection status wild birdsInfection status wild birds• Human health implicationsHuman health implications
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Zoo -technical aspects
• Poultry production systems in place (sectors 1-4)Poultry production systems in place (sectors 1-4)• Poultry species rearedPoultry species reared• Multi age systemMulti age system• Biosecurity levelsBiosecurity levels• Sources of feed and waterSources of feed and water• Poultry workers and husbandry practicesPoultry workers and husbandry practices
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Socio-Economic Factors
• CultureCulture• Public AcceptancePublic Acceptance• Compensation schedulesCompensation schedules• Food security aspectsFood security aspects• Small holders livelihoodsSmall holders livelihoods• Financial aspects of eradication Financial aspects of eradication
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Vaccination Strategy
• Emergency in the face of an epidemicEmergency in the face of an epidemic• Preventive when high risk of incursion and Preventive when high risk of incursion and insufficient response measuresinsufficient response measures
• Routine in an endemic situationRoutine in an endemic situation
• Mass vaccination: all susceptible poultry are Mass vaccination: all susceptible poultry are vaccinatedvaccinated
• Targeted vaccination: defined categories of birds Targeted vaccination: defined categories of birds are vaccinatedare vaccinated
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Vaccine strain
Choice of the vaccine strainChoice of the vaccine strain• Homologous or HeterologousHomologous or Heterologous• Monovalent or BivalentMonovalent or Bivalent• RecombinantRecombinant
Vaccine production according to OIE standards Vaccine production according to OIE standards to assure high qualityto assure high quality
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Principles of Veterinary Vaccine Production
• Quality AssuranceQuality Assurance• Efficacy and Safety testsEfficacy and Safety tests• StabilityStability• Batch ControlBatch Control• Field testsField tests• Production facilitiesProduction facilities• EtcEtc
Specific requirements for HPAI vaccines in chapter on Specific requirements for HPAI vaccines in chapter on highly pathogenic avian influenzahighly pathogenic avian influenza
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World organisation for animal healthWorld organisation for animal health12 rue de Prony
75017 Paris, FranceTel: 33 (0)1 44 15 18 88 Fax: 33 (0)1 42 67 09 87
Email: [email protected]://www.oie.int