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POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ISLAMISLAM AND DEMOCRACY

BYMUHAMMAD ALI KHAN

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Political System of Islam

Political System Concept_State Components Features

Islam v/s Democracy Islam v/s Theocracy Welfare State and Islam Is Practical Sharait Possible Why Islamic State

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Concept

A political system is a system of politics and government Who should have authority Role of Religion Government's influence on its people

In a political system is a way of the government makes a policy and organize the administration

The sine qua non for a political System is _ State

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Components of State

Constitution Sovereignty Sources of Law

Masses Voter Citizen

Government Foreign Policy HR Administration

Ideology Territory

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Form of Govt

Anarchism (Rule by no one)

Democracy (Rule by the popular vote)

Monarchy. (Rule by one person)

Meritocracy (Rule by best)

Technocracy (Rule by experts)

Theocracy (Rule by God and his representatives)

Oligarchy (Rule by a few)

Aristocracy (Rule by nobles)

Plutocracy (Rule by money)

Socialism (Rule by equality)

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Kleptocracy

Klepto (thief) and Cracy (rule), "Rule By Thieves" is a form of political and

government corruption where the government exists to increase the personal wealth and political power of its officials and the ruling class at the expense of the wider population, often without pretense of honest service

This type of government corruption is often achieved by the embezzlement of state funds and legalizing the illegal

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Political System of Islam

Political System of Islam where Religion and politics are one and the same in Islam. They are knotted.

The Islamic Political System is based on the following main principles: Sovereignty of Allah Sovereignty means the source of power. In Islam, Allah is the source of all

powers and laws (3:154, 12:40, 25:2, 67:1) Khilafah of Mankind (Vicegerency of man). Man is the vicegerent, the agent or

the representative of Allah on earth (2:30, 6:165). Legislation by Shura (Consultation). Islam teaches us to run a government, to

make legislation and decisions by the process of Shura. Shura means "to take decisions by consultation and participation" (3:159, 42:38).

Accountability of government Independence of judiciary Equality before law Equality for all citizens before the law. One who fears Allah swt most is the

noblest in Islam (49:13).

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Nature of state in History

Khalafat – Rules of Holy 4 Malokiyat- Khalafat after Khalafat

Rashida Mahaniyat- Rules of unjust power Qarooniyat- Arrogance of wealth Firaooniyat- Rules of Pride Husaniyat- To fight against

Tyranny Yazidiyat – Rule of Injustice

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Concept of Islamic State10

The vision of an Islamic state To implement the divine law.  The ideal Islamic state is a community

governed by the Law revealed by God Islamic state is not a theocracy under

direct rule of the learned men of religion, nor is it an autocracy that vests absolute power in the ruler

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Models of Islamic Democracy One

Where Islam is the state religion Some religious values are incorporated into

public life but Islam is not the only source of law. Examples Malaysia,Algeria,Maldives

Second Where Islam is the state religion A state which endeavors to Institute Shraih Include religion into the affairs of the state Example Pakistan

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Cont…

Third Where Islam is not a state religion Legislation consider Shriah Islam is not in life of masses

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Epilogue

Democracy with its principles of limited government, public accountability, checks and balances, separation of powers and transparency in governance does succeed in limiting man’s sovereignty

The problem of the Muslim world is that we don’t yet know what democracy looks like

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Conclusion-Purpose of Islamic State

Rule of Allah Amer bil maroof wa nahi anil munkir (promote

the right and forbid the wrong (22:44).) The state is responsible for the welfare of all its

citizens - Muslims and non-Muslims alike. It must guarantee the basic necessities of life. All

citizens of the Islamic state shall enjoy freedom of belief, thought, conscience and speech.

Every citizen shall be free to develop his potential, improve his capacity, earn and possess.

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Cont…..

A citizen shall enjoy the right to support or oppose any government policy which he thinks right or wrong with the following in mind

The Islamic state shall ensure a fair distribution of wealth. Islam does not believe in equal distribution as it is against the law of creation.

There is not a single perfect Islamic state in the world today. There are many Muslim countries.

An Islamic state is based on the model of Prophet Muhammad’s (PBUH) state in Madinah while a Muslim state is one which has a majority Muslim population and some Islamic features.

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Is Islamic State Possible

As form of Government As Social System As Political System As constitution As a State Or mere implementing Islamic

Punishments ? Or only declaring Islam as state

Religion ?

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Concept of Welfare State

Concept in west Concept in Islam Features of an Islamic

welfare state1. Basic human rights

responsibility of the state

2. Sovereignty

3. Self-imposing mechanism

4. Non-muslim as a head?

5. Status of man

6. Individual freedom ( religious and social)

7. No slavery

8. Avoids religious enmity

9. Rule of law

10. (Everyone is equal by law ,No one is above law ( no concept of immunity) ,One law for all.)

11. Basic rights

12. Equality

13. Duties of Citizens

14. Ataa’t-e-ameer

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Islam and Democracy

Elements Islam Democracy

Sovereignty Allah is sovereign Masses/Parliament/

Status of masses 4 statuses: vicegerent, Caliph, Ashraf-ul-makhloqat, human being

Voter

Accountability In life and After Death to the law of the land

Type of government

Legistaltion of Shura (consultation)

Presidential/ Parlimentary etc

Territory No defined territory. Concept of Ummah

Fixed territory Nationalism

Constitution Quran and Sunnah (permanent) Laws of the land (flexible)

Tenure of government

Life-span of Caliph Fixed

Basic rights Food, clothing, shelter, education

Freedom of expression and association

Nature of government

Rule of all (Baeyat) Rule of majority

Criminal Law Hadood Laws of parliament. CPC etc

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Islam and Theocracy

Concept Examples: - After pure

political system: Late 80s government of Zia, Iran, Taliban, Italy

- Without political system : Vatican and Saudi Arabia.

Features of theocracy1. Rule of priest

2. Religious elites, religious ideas and religious institutions

3. Constitution is influenced by religious ideas

4. Political parties and leadership have religious vergence

5. Political obligations are considered religious obligations

6. Foundation of religion is linked with political process

7. Establishment of any religion by constitution

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