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OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
Responding to Challenges of Sustainable Land Management:
The TerrAfrica Initiative
Presented by NEPAD: Prof. Richard Mkandawire (Agriculture Advisor) & Dr. Remi Cole (Lead Specialist on SLM)
1) Overview
2) TerrAfrica Frameworks
3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)
4) Where do we stand today?
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OVERVIEW
COMMON VISION
The current trends of land degradation and unsustainable land management in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) are negatively impacting rural land use productivity and the security of ecosystem functions.
Scaling up Sustainable Land Management (SLM) is necessary in order to reverse these trends, and thereby address a major obstacle to economic growth in SSA.
This is a common goal shared by a wide range of stakeholders.
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment – poverty strongly linked to degradation of ecosystem services
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
LAND DEGRADATION
PHYSICAL IMPACT
• Land degradation affects about 65 per cent of Africa’s population1
• Unless action is taken, it is projected that two-thirds of arable land in SSA could be non-productive by 20252
• It is also projected that under current land management practices 25 countries will become water scarce by 20253
1 Reich et al. (2001)2 Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Desertification Synthesis Report (2004)3 World Bank (2003)
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
MDG 7 – ensure environmental sustainability
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
LAND DEGRADATION
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
Source: From data in Oldeman et al. (1990)
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
LAND DEGRADATION
ECONOMIC IMPACT
• Agriculture provides employment for 2/3 working Africans and generates 1/3 of the continent’s Gross National Income
• Over 3 per cent of agricultural GDP in Africa is lost annually as a direct result of soil and nutrient loss1
• This translates to an estimated loss in gross annual income of USD 9 billion per year2
• Thus land degradation is clearly a genuine constraint to economic growth
1 Drechsel and Gyiele 19992 GTZ CCD Factsheet on Desertification (cite: Dregne 1991)
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
MDG 1 – Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDSOUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
LAND DEGRADATION
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 2.5 - 4
Soil erosion Grohs (1994)<1 (GDFL) ZIMBABWE
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 5.5 - 6.5
Soil erosion Bishop and Allen (1989) 4 (GDFL) MALI
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)9.5 - 11
Soil erosion World Bank (1992) 18 (GDFL) MALAWI
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999)-6 - 9MADAGASCAR
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 5 - 7
Soil erosion Bojö (1991) 5 (GDFL) LESOTHO
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) -4 - 5GHANA
Soil erosion, nutrient depletion Drechsel & Gyiele (1999) 10 - 11
Soil erosion Bojö and Cassells (1995)36 (GDCL) ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
TYPES OF DEGRADATIONAUTHORSDiscounted Future Loss (% AGDP)
Annual Loss (% AGDP)
STUDY REGION
GDCL: Gross Discounted Cumulative Loss (the cumulative value of the stream of future losses due to continued soil degradation over time).
GDFL: Gross Discounted Future Loss (the value of the stream of constant future annual losses due to soil degradation in a given year).
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OVERVIEW
HOW CAN WE SCALE UP SLM?
Past experiences point to a range of barriers, or bottlenecks, which need to be dismantled if SLM is to be effectively and efficiently scaled up:
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
BARRIERS AND BOTTLENECKS
• INSTITUTIONAL AND SECTORAL BARRIERS
• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
• POLICY BARRIERS
• FINANCIAL BARRIERS
• IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SLM must be moved into the political mainstream and not be pigeon-holed as an agricultural or environmental problem
There is a need for a coherent picture of the root causes and optimal solutions for SLM and the tools and data to support SLM investment
The effective adoption of SLM practices requires the institutional capacity to shape policies
Investment needs to be harmonized and aligned, but also scaled-up to reflect the scale of the problem
Delivery mechanisms must be diversified and aligned, and backed up by strong monitoring and evaluation systems
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
BARRIERS AND BOTTLENECKS
• INSTITUTIONAL AND SECTORAL BARRIERS
• KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
• POLICY BARRIERS
• FINANCIAL BARRIERS
• IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
By directly addressing these bottlenecks, TerrAfrica aims to create the enabling environment for scaling up and mainstreaming SLM at the country level.
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
ACTIVITY LINES
THE TERRAFRICA APPROACH
TerrAfrica addresses these bottlenecks by
harmonizing activity through a work partnership,
organized around three mutually reinforcing
“Activity Lines”:
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
REGIONAL TERRAFRICA ACTIVITY LINES
AL1 – COALITION BUILDING
Regional African-owned coalitions for policy dialogue and common vision on investment
AL2 – KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Generate and disseminate knowledge at all levels, and among all actors, to support effective SLM investment
AL3 – INVESTMENTS
Align funding mechanisms at all levels, along with leveraging strategies
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDSOUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
2. People-centered
4. Integrated
6. Multi-scale and multi-level
8. Based on partnership and responsibility
10. Bottlenecks removal
12. Coordinated & aligned implementation within existing processes
PRINCIPLES OF TERRAFRICA APPROACH
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA PLATFORM
• 4 African Governments• 2 Civil Society
Representatives
• NEPAD Secretariat
• 2 Donors
• The European Commission
• AFDB
• The World Bank • UNCCD Secretariat• Global Mechanism• UNEP
• IFAD
• UNDP
• FAO
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
CONSULTATIVE FORUM
SECRETARIAT
• CIVIL SOCIETY
• AFRICAN GOVERNMENTS and RECS
• PRIVATE SECTOR
• SCIENCE AND RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS
AFRICAN
LOCAL
REGIONAL
EUROPEAN
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA EXPLAINED
June 10, 2006
AFR Fertilizer Summit
1) Overview
2) TerrAfrica Frameworks
3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)
4) Where do we stand today?
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OVERVIEW OF THE SIP
The Strategic Investment Program (SIP):
Strategic and programmatic investment vehicle
Inter-agency funding mechanism
Strengthens coordination between GEF and other funding mechanisms
Programmatic approach to maximize impact per dollar
Support for integrated NRM
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
THE VALUE ADDED of TerrAfrica and SIP support
Project Approach Program Approach( e.g. NAPs)
Programmatic Integrated Ecosystem Approach
targeted capacity building
national task forcecapacity buildingpolicy reform
scattered uncoordinated projects
larger and targeted project under an umbrella process
emulators plusup scaling mechanisms within ecosystems
coordinated mainstreaming & policy reforms
TERRAFRICA
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SIP and TERRAFRICA
HOW DOES THE SIP INTEGRATE WITH TERRAFRICA?
• The SIP will contribute to achieving TerrAfrica outcomes under Activity Line (AL) 3 - Investments
• Selective gaps would also be filled under AL1 (Coalition Building) and AL2 (Knowledge Management)
• In turn, the SIP will benefit from the TerrAfrica platform of partnership, advocacy and knowledge sharing
• Given the aligned agendas, it is envisioned that the SIP STEERING COMMITTEE will be closely tied to TerrAfrica via NEPAD
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
VALUE ADDED – Country level
WHAT WILL BE THE SIP’S VALUE ADDED AT COUNTRY LEVEL?
• GEF is a catalytic resource
• Coordinating interventions and sequencing
• Reduce transaction costs
• Places land and environmental issues at core of development agenda
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
VALUE ADDED – Country level
The value added by the SIP will help attract additional funding via:
• Greater coherence in a country’s SLM portfolio
• Improved elements in the enabling environment (policy, incentives, governance, capacities)
• Greater efficiencies and lower transaction costs
• Allowing for consecutive and complementary projects that advance scale up
• Program-level M&E to help guide country efforts
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SIP PORTFOLIO
SIP coordination at NEPAD Acts as Secretariat of SIP Steering
Committee Reports on M&E at program level Represents TerrAfrica Executive
Committee
SIP Steering Committee guides the strategic direction of the SIP
The SIP regional programming framework defines project consistency criteria, investment priorities, and M&E criteria consistent with TerrAfrica objectives
Countries design funding projects as normal, but aided by their own unique Country SLM Investment Frameworks (CSIF) and supported by TerrAfrica platform
NEPAD helps advocate for SLM among countries, promoting country-level partnerships that can leverage SIP
GEF pipeline entry on a rolling basis
HOW WILL THE SIP WORK?
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
Country project 1
Country project 2
Country project 4
Etcetera….
Country project 3
Program Level M&E
Project Level M&E
SIP FINANCIAL UMBRELLA:
50% of OP15 (GEF 4)
Open to all SSA countries
The CSIF will allow countries to translate their specific SLM priorities into operational priorities, and align donors and actors around common strategy
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA EXPLAINED
June 10, 2006 AFR Fertilizer Summit
1) Overview
2) TerrAfrica Frameworks
3) SIP (Strategic Investment Program)
4) The role of Fertilizer in SLM
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM
T0 Build and maintain soil fertility through:
Integrated Soil fertility management
- Soil and water conservation techniques
- Conservation agriculture and conservation farming
- Agroforestry- Organic and inorganic fertilizers to
improve soil-nutrient content- Establishment of norms and
standards for optimum fertilizers use
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM
Enabling policy environment- Harmonization of regulations and
policies at sub-regional levels- Development of appropriate
incentives at national level
Sustainable investment in land management
- Mobilization of donors and resources
- Example SIP program
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF SLM
Networking development - All stakeholders including Farmers
organizations, private sector, research organizations, donors and development institutions
- Facilitation of platform for information sharing on issues regarding fertilizers use and SLM
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SLM AND FERTILIZER USE
SLM’S RESPONSE TO FOOD PRODUCTION
Africa’s soil crises affects food production
The solution?
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SLM AND FERTILIZER USE
Intensification of Ag production that will impact productivity ?
Increased fertilizer usage?
• Must come in integrated package• Address limiting factors – direct & indirect• Improved & responsive disease resist varieties• Input factors – pests attraction• Measures for pest control mgmt system• Secondary limiting factors
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
SLM AND FERTILIZER USE
The TerrAfrica Initiative …
through a comprehensive analysis of preventive factors recognizes --
• Factors related to an enabling environment Equally important • Technical measures to SLM
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE
TerrAfrica Recognizes –
• Mineral fertilizers important role in SLM• No single factor solution• identified to overcome low productivity Ag.• A number of factors must interact and be addressed
in parallel• Access to min. fertilizers is only one factor – a most
important direct factor …• Need for a more integrated approach to SLM
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE
TerrAfrica’s investment arm -- the SIP
In a position to work with its partners of the summitIn defining the role of mineral fertillizers in the context of SLM
Respond adequately to increasing food production in Africa
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
OUR LAND – OUR WEALTH, OUR FUTURE, IN OUR HANDS
TERRAFRICA’S ROLE IN FERTILIZER USE
THANK YOU