Upload
scot-sanders
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1
Our atmosphereOur atmosphere
Important mixture of gases that Important mixture of gases that sustain life on Earthsustain life on Earth
480km (300 miles) thick480km (300 miles) thick Beyond the atmosphere is the Beyond the atmosphere is the
EXOSPHEREEXOSPHERE Contains small quantities of Contains small quantities of
hydrogen and heliumhydrogen and helium
2
Major Major componentcomponent
s of the s of the troposphertropospher
ee
3
Major Atmospheric Major Atmospheric ComponentsComponents
NitrogenNitrogen Originates mostly from volcanic sourcesOriginates mostly from volcanic sources Without nitrogen there would be no lifeWithout nitrogen there would be no life
OxygenOxygen By-product of photosynthesisBy-product of photosynthesis Concentration of oxygen varies with Concentration of oxygen varies with
latitudelatitude
4
ArgonArgon Constitutes almost 1% of the Constitutes almost 1% of the
atmosphereatmosphere Not necessary for life but it used for Not necessary for life but it used for
some economic purposessome economic purposes Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
By-product of lifeBy-product of life Important for keeping atmosphere warmImportant for keeping atmosphere warm
increases in COincreases in CO22 can cause an increase in can cause an increase in atmospheric temperatureatmospheric temperature
Water vaporWater vapor Variable from near 0 – 4 %Variable from near 0 – 4 %
5
6
The The AtmospheAtmospheric Profileric Profile
7
The AtmosphereThe Atmosphere
The troposphere
The stratosphere
The mesophere
The thermosphere
8
The Troposphere The Troposphere (weathersphere)(weathersphere)
Water vapor, clouds, pollution, and Water vapor, clouds, pollution, and life occur within the tropospherelife occur within the troposphere
~ 18km (11 miles) thick at equator; ~ 18km (11 miles) thick at equator; 12 km (8 miles) thick in the mid-12 km (8 miles) thick in the mid-latitudes; and 8km (5 miles) thick latitudes; and 8km (5 miles) thick near the polesnear the poles
Top of troposphere known as the Top of troposphere known as the tropopausetropopause
9
Lapse Rates in the Lapse Rates in the TroposphereTroposphere
As we go upwards in As we go upwards in the troposphere, the the troposphere, the temperature decreasestemperature decreases 6.4°C/1km or 6.4°C/1km or
3.5°F/1000ft = AVERAGE3.5°F/1000ft = AVERAGE This number is not that This number is not that
importantimportant
Can vary considerably Can vary considerably with varying weather with varying weather conditions and conditions and locationslocations
10
11
The stratosphereThe stratosphere
Temperatures increase from -57°C at Temperatures increase from -57°C at the base of the stratosphere to O°C at the base of the stratosphere to O°C at the top (50km above Earth’s surface)the top (50km above Earth’s surface)
Why?Why?
Top of the stratosphere is called the Top of the stratosphere is called the StratopauseStratopause
12
The mesophereThe mesophere 50 – 80 km above 50 – 80 km above
Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface Outer boundary known Outer boundary known
as the mesopauseas the mesopause Temperature drops Temperature drops
from O°C to - 90°C at from O°C to - 90°C at the mesopausethe mesopause
Occasional Occasional coalescence of cosmic coalescence of cosmic and meteoric dust and meteoric dust form cloudsform clouds
13
The thermosphereThe thermosphere
Upper surface Upper surface known as the known as the thermopausethermopause
Temperatures Temperatures increase to increase to ~1200°C at the ~1200°C at the thermopausethermopause
14
AtmospheAtmospheric ric
functionfunction
Two main Two main zoneszones The The
ozonosphereozonosphere The ionosphereThe ionosphere
15
Functions Functions of the of the
atmospheatmospherere
16
Ozonosphere and Ozonosphere and IonosphereIonosphere
OZONOSPHEREOZONOSPHERE Contains a high level Contains a high level
of ozoneof ozone
Efficiently absorbs UV Efficiently absorbs UV wavelengths of energywavelengths of energy
Ozone is being Ozone is being depleted due to depleted due to human activityhuman activity Recent reboundRecent rebound
IONOSPHEREIONOSPHERE Efficiently absorbs Efficiently absorbs
cosmic, gamma, x-cosmic, gamma, x-rays, and UV rays, and UV wavelengths of wavelengths of energyenergy
17
All the Earth’s All the Earth’s energy ultimately energy ultimately comes from the suncomes from the sun
Weather and climate Weather and climate are ultimately driven are ultimately driven by by The energy gain from The energy gain from
the sunthe sun The Earth’s position The Earth’s position
relative to the sunrelative to the sun Electromagnetic Electromagnetic
spectrumspectrum Mr. ROY G BIVMr. ROY G BIV
18
HOW TO REMEMBER THE HOW TO REMEMBER THE ORDER OF VISIBLE LIGHTORDER OF VISIBLE LIGHT
ROY G BIVROY G BIV REDRED ORANGEORANGE YELLOWYELLOW GREENGREEN BLUEBLUE INDIGOINDIGO VIOLETVIOLET
19
20
21
Solar radiation and Earth’s Solar radiation and Earth’s re-radiationre-radiation