1 Open Access/Free Access: The Future of Publishing— F. Hill Slowinski, JD Senior Director and Executive Editor American Society of Clinical Oncology American

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Open Access/Free Access:Open Access/Free Access:The Future of Publishing—The Future of Publishing—

F. Hill Slowinski, JDF. Hill Slowinski, JDSenior Director and Executive EditorSenior Director and Executive Editor

American Society of Clinical OncologyAmerican Society of Clinical Oncology

American Veterinary Medical American Veterinary Medical AssociationAssociation

Washington, DCWashington, DC

July 17, 2007July 17, 2007

AVMA 2007 Annual Meeting Seminar 2007 Annual Meeting Seminar 2© 2007 F. Hill Slowinski

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Open Access/Free AccessOpen Access/Free Access

Definitions, Perspectives, Definitions, Perspectives,

and Statements on OAand Statements on OA– Bethesda Statement on Open Access Bethesda Statement on Open Access

PublishingPublishing– Berlin Declaration on Open AccessBerlin Declaration on Open Access– Budapest Open Access InitiativeBudapest Open Access Initiative– Washington DC Principles for Free Access Washington DC Principles for Free Access

to Scienceto Science– Brussels Declaration on STM PublishingBrussels Declaration on STM Publishing


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Current/Recent legislative initiativesCurrent/Recent legislative initiatives

– NIH Public Access PolicyNIH Public Access Policy– Federal Research Public Access ActFederal Research Public Access Act


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Other Public Access PoliciesOther Public Access Policies

– Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust– Research Council of the UKResearch Council of the UK– Howard Hughes Medical InstituteHoward Hughes Medical Institute


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The STM Publishing industry is business The STM Publishing industry is business model neutralmodel neutral

Copyright is central to the mission of Copyright is central to the mission of publisherspublishers

3 ways to protect copyright3 ways to protect copyright Lobby for good laws and against bad Lobby for good laws and against bad

lawslaws Support enforcementSupport enforcement Educate usersEducate users


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Distribution : Print :: Access : OnlineDistribution : Print :: Access : Online

Product vs. ServiceProduct vs. Service

Access:Access: Who benefits?Who benefits?

◦◦ Readers -- knowledgeReaders -- knowledge

◦◦ Authors -- exposureAuthors -- exposure

◦◦ Authors and readersAuthors and readers


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Who pays in the Print Environment?Who pays in the Print Environment?

◦◦ Readers and institutionsReaders and institutions

◦◦ AuthorsAuthors

◦◦ AdvertisersAdvertisers

◦◦ Funding agenciesFunding agencies

◦◦ GovernmentGovernment


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Who pays in Open Access?Who pays in Open Access?

◦◦ DefinitionDefinition

- OA online access is free to all - OA online access is free to all

-- r-- readers do not payeaders do not pay

◦◦ Original research results onlyOriginal research results only


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Three types of Open Access ModelsThree types of Open Access Models

◦◦ Authors (institution) pays journal for publicationAuthors (institution) pays journal for publication

◦◦ Authors’ self-archiving parallel to author-paysAuthors’ self-archiving parallel to author-pays

◦◦ Compulsory author depositCompulsory author deposit


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Business model innovationBusiness model innovation

◦◦ Stakeholders decideStakeholders decide

◦◦ Technology will supportTechnology will support


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RisksRisks

◦◦ Mandatory open access could reduce Mandatory open access could reduce business model innovationbusiness model innovation

◦◦ Unintended consequencesUnintended consequences

◦◦ Costs of enforcing mandateCosts of enforcing mandate


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ARTICLE AGE SNAPSHOT:ARTICLE AGE SNAPSHOT:

72 % are greater than 6 months old72 % are greater than 6 months old

28% are less than 6 months old.28% are less than 6 months old.


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WHAT THE RESEARCHER WANTSWHAT THE RESEARCHER WANTS

– Universal access, 24/7– One stop access to linked info from all relevant sources (jnls, bks, db’s, etc.)

– Free at point of access– Easy browsing, searching, downloading– Permanent record => digital archive– Peer review and branding (prestigious journals to publish in)


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OPEN ACCESS/ARCHIVINGOPEN ACCESS/ARCHIVING

Difficulties in Adoption of OADifficulties in Adoption of OA– Progress slow, why? Extremely distributed effort: to be successful, 1m or so authors have to adhere to it

– Experience tells publishers that even for books, authors don’t follow instructions

– Long term access & archiving not thought through


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OPEN ACCESS/ARCHIVINGOPEN ACCESS/ARCHIVING

Difficulties in Adoption of OADifficulties in Adoption of OA– Authors can change articles with impunity

– Scientists require professional, sophisticated systems that enhance research efficiency

– If successful, OA undermines the very journal system on which it depends

– No money for innovations and competition


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UNCHALLENGEDUNCHALLENGED THESESTHESES

1. The Federal Govt. pays for the research therefore its availability should be free.– Primary research data often not made

available by agencies– At state universities, the state has a

major investment in the cost of research.

– Private foundations and industry underwrite significant research costs.

– Managing Peer Review and selection is expensive.

– No compensation for value-added


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UNCHALLENGED THESESUNCHALLENGED THESES

2. Because the Federal Govt. pays a fraction of the cost of publication (maybe), there should only be one payer, the author.

– NIH claims control if funded in whole are in part, regardless of other funding of project, whether philanthropic, academic, private or public.

– Co-funders of research lose all rights (a “taking”)


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UNCHALLENGED THESESUNCHALLENGED THESES

3. There is no effect on Professional Societies.

• Nonsense: If left unchallenged it states that the consumer has no responsibility in insuring access. This policy sets a dangerous and chilling precedent. Many of the consumers of this research are not US taxpayers. For Professional Societies it could be survival.


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THE EFFECT ON PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIESTHE EFFECT ON PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES

– Size is highly variable, e.g. 100’s to 1,000’s

– Adhere to concept of peer review and maintenance of scientific standards

– The context of science goes beyond publications

– Income primarily from two sources:Membership & Publications

– Supports scientific meetings, education, research, policy, advocacy, profession overall


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INTEGRITY OF SOCIETY PUBLICATIONSINTEGRITY OF SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS

• Generally volunteer scientists• Peer review• High standards• Importance of copyright in principle• The display of content


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TRENDS IN JOURNAL PUBLICATIONSTRENDS IN JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

• Personal subscriptions declining at steady pace

• Institutional subscriptions are declining

• Print subscriptions were rapidly declining

• Implications for societal finances and publication quality


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PUBLISHING COSTS MONEYPUBLISHING COSTS MONEY

– The Federal Govt. pays but a fraction.– ERGO: Everyone needs to pay.– The “context” within which science is conducted requires support, thus scientific

publications provided by professional societies are essential to both the conduct

and integrity of the scientific enterprise.


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SUMMARYSUMMARY

– Society Journals, too important to loose– Biological and Medical Sciences, a highly fractured discipline

– More Publications in biological sciences & medicine than chemistry, physics, psychology and economics combined

– Society Journal guarantee standards– Society Journal, peer review and integrity of the process

– Essential source of income– Supports the context within which science is performed

– Dangers of a legislative approach – A cautionary note for all


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A Future of Co-existence:A Future of Co-existence:

May follow the Television modelsMay follow the Television models

·· Broadcast – advertisers payBroadcast – advertisers pay

·· Public – government paysPublic – government pays

·· Cable – subscriber payCable – subscriber pay

·· Pay per view – user paysPay per view – user pays


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Industry’s collective role Industry’s collective role

◦◦ Standards development that supports Standards development that supports business modelbusiness model

◦◦ Input to legislators and regulatorsInput to legislators and regulators

◦◦ Help publishers give readers what they Help publishers give readers what they wantwant


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Role of GovernmentRole of Government

◦◦ Create level playing field for innovations – Create level playing field for innovations – hands off selection of modelshands off selection of models

◦◦ Support education and researchSupport education and research

◦◦ Encourage creativity through intellectual Encourage creativity through intellectual property rights innovationproperty rights innovation

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Open Access/Free Access:Open Access/Free Access:The Future of PublishingThe Future of Publishing

F. Hill Slowinski, JDF. Hill Slowinski, JDSenior Director and Executive EditorSenior Director and Executive Editor

American Society of Clinical OncologyAmerican Society of Clinical Oncology

American Veterinary Medical American Veterinary Medical AssociationAssociation

Washington, DCWashington, DC

July 17, 2007July 17, 2007

Documents

1 Open Access/Free Access: The Future of Publishing— F. Hill Slowinski, JD Senior Director and Executive Editor American Society of Clinical Oncology American