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1 of 1 © Boardworks Ltd 2014
Breathing
2 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2014
The exchange of gases
Aerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy through the oxidation of glucose molecules:
Oxygen is breathed into the lungs and is transported in blood.
oxygencarbondioxide
glucose + + water ( energy)+
Carbon dioxide and water are formed as waste products in cells. They can be excreted when we breathe out.
The respiratory system carries out gas exchange. It is made up of the lungs, intercostal muscles, diaphragm and airways.
3 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2014
Parts of the respiratory system
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The mechanism of ventilation
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Exercise, respiration and ventilation
Energy is used up by the active muscles during exercise. The rate of respiration must therefore increase to supply enough energy to the muscles.
This means that more oxygen must be breathed in and more carbon dioxide breathed out.
the arteries supplying the muscles dilate?
During exercise, why does:
the heart rate increase
the rate and depth of breathing increase
6 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2014
Running and breathing rates
7 of 7 © Boardworks Ltd 2014
Carbon dioxide
One way the brain deals with a build up of carbon dioxide during exercise is by increasing the rate of breathing.
The brain can detect the level of carbon dioxide in cells.
This increases the rate of gas exchange and the removal of carbon dioxide from the lungs.
When the level of carbon dioxide increases during exercise, the brain must coordinate ways to prevent the levels reaching toxic levels.