1 Nepal Country · Web view1 Nepal Country Profile Generic Information Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 square

Logistics Capacity Assessment Nepal – September 2016

Full file: http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/Nepal

1 Nepal Country Profile

Generic InformationNepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sqare miles) and a population of approximately 27 million, Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by area and the 41st most populous country. It is a landlocked country located along the Himalayas and bordered to the north by China and to the south, east, and west by India. Nepal is separated from Bangladesh by the narrow Indian Siliguri Corridor and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim.

Kathmandu is the nation's capital city and largest metropolis. The mountainous north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest (Nepali:

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http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/public/DLCA/Nepal

Sagarmāthā). More than 250 peaks over 20,000 ft. (6,096 m) above sea level are located in Nepal. The southern Terai region is fertile and humid.

Hinduism is practiced by about 81.3% of Nepalese, the highest percentage of any country. Buddhism is linked historically with Nepal and is practiced by 9% of its people, followed by Islam at 4.4%, Kiratism 3.1%, Christianity 1.4%, and Animism 0.4%. A large portion of the population, especially in the hill region, may identify themselves as both Hindu and Buddhist, which can be attributed to the syncretic nature of both faiths in Nepal. Buddha was born in Nepal at Lumbini.

A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768—when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdom–until 2008. A decade-long Civil War involving the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), followed by weeks of mass protests by all major political parties, led to the 12-point agreement of 22 November 2005. The ensuing elections for the 1st Nepali Constituent Assembly on 28 May 2008 overwhelmingly favoured the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of federal multiparty representative democratic republic. Despite continuing political challenges, this framework remained in place, with the 2nd Nepali Constituent Assembly elected in 2013 in an effort to create a new constitution.

On September 20, 2015, a new constitution was announced by President Ram Baran Yadav in the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly was transformed into a legislative parliament. The new constitution established Nepal as a federal democratic country by making seven unnamed states. For more information on Nepal's regions and districts, please see the following links:

Development Regions of Nepal

List of Districts in Nepal

Nepal is a developing country with a low income economy, ranking 145th of 187 countries on the Human Development Index in 2014. It continues to struggle with high levels of hunger and poverty. Despite these challenges, Nepal has been making steady progress, with the government making a commitment to graduate the nation from least developed country status by 2022, but few observers are optimistic.

Generic country information can be located from sources which are regularly maintained and reflect current facts and figures. For a generic country overview, please consult the following sources:

Nepal Wikipedia Country Information

Nepal IMF Country Information

Nepal Economist Intelligence Unit Information*

(*note - this is a paid service)

Humanitarian InfoNepal World Food Programme Information

Nepal UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Information

Facts and Figures

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http://www.unocha.org/asia-and-pacific/country-profiles/nepal

http://www.wfp.org/countries/nepal

http://country.eiu.com/Nepal

http://www.imf.org/external/country/NPL/index.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Nepal

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_regions_of_Nepal

Nepal Wolfram Alpha Information

Nepal World Bank Information

Nepal World Population Information

1.1 Nepal Humanitarian BackgroundDisasters, Conflicts and MigrationNepal experiences earthquakes, landslides, floods, thunderstorms, Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF), avalanches, fires, droughts and epidemics. Over the past 28 years, 69 major / significant natural disasters have occurred in Nepal resulting in approximately 10,000 deaths. These disasters affected 4.4 million people.

Natural DisastersType Occurs Comments / Details

Drought YesWestern Nepal has experienced consecutive and worsening winter drought conditions since 2000, culminating in a severe drought episode during 2008 / 09. The worst hit areas are the Mid Western and Far Western regions.

Earthquakes Yes

The entire country is rated moderate to high risk for earthquakes due to the Indian continent moving northwards at about 30 mm a year. A major earthquake was recorded in 1934 and killed an estimated 20,000 people. On 25 April 2015, an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 struck 80 km to the Northwest of Kathmandu; on 12 May 2015 a second earthquake of magnitude 7.3 struck 76 km Northeast of Kathmandu.

The accepted worst case scenario is that a magnitude 8.6 earthquake (15 times stronger than April 2015) would strike from Kathmandu to the Far West and into the Terai region (adjacent to India). This is projected to cause 175,000- 190,000 deaths, injure 2.5 – 3.5 million people, and leave 7 million people homeless. See the Nepal Red Cross Society Kathmandu Valley Earthquake Contingency Plan for more information.

Epidemics Yes

The first recorded cholera epidemic took place in 1823, followed by a series of epidemics occurring in the Kathmandu Valley in 1831, 1843, 1856, 1862, and 1887. The largest cholera outbreak, with more than 30,000 people affected, was in the West in 2009. It tends to be seasonal with most cases reported during the monsoon season which starts in June and usually ends by October. The Mid Western and Far Western regions are usually the hardest hit because of poor sanitation and inadequate public health arrangements.

Extreme Temperatures Yes

Due to the extreme elevation changes within Nepal, there are major temperature differences. The Terai, or Nepali lowlands bordering India, can experience very high temperatures up to 46° C.

Flooding Yes Floods are common during the monsoon season.Insect

Infestation No N/A

Mudslides Yes Landslides are common in the mountain regions, particularly during the monsoon season.

Volcanic Eruptions No N/A

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http://un.org.np/sites/default/files/attachments/2008-07-30-nrcs-cp-complete-3-june.pdf

http://un.org.np/sites/default/files/attachments/2008-07-30-nrcs-cp-complete-3-june.pdf

http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/nepal-population/

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal

http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=nepal

High Waves / Surges No N/A

Wildfires Yes While not a major threat, wildfires do occur.High Winds Yes Storms, in general, do result in significant damage.

Man-Made Issues

Civil Strife YesThere are frequent political strikes, or bandhs, called by political parties to protest particular issues. These are common and cause major disruptions as roads are often blocked for days by these strikes.

International Conflict No N/A

Internally Displaced Persons

No N/A

Refugees Present Yes

Nepal offers asylum to a considerable number of refugees, although it is not a signatory of the 1951 Refugee Convention. There are nearly 14,750 refugees and asylum-seekers in Nepal (Source: UNHCR Nepal Regional Profile)

Landmines / UXO Present Yes Nepal was declared free from landmines and unexploded ordnance in June

2012 (Source: The Guardian)

For more detailed database on disasters by country, please see the Centre for Research on Epidemiology of Disasters Country Profile.

Calamities and Seasonal EffectsSeasonal Effects on Transport

Transport Type Time Frame Comments

Primary Road

TransportJune -

September

Mahendra Highway runs across the Terai region of Nepal, from Mechinagar in the east to Bhim Datta in the west, cutting across the entire width of the country. It is the longest highway in Nepal and was constructed by the India Central Public Works Department. It is mostly a single lane in each direction. The highway is just over 1,000 km (620 mi). For more information, see Roads in Nepal.

Secondary Road

TransportJune -

September

Landslides and poor road conditions are a major problem for the secondary roads. Heavy rains cause numerous landslides and cut off remote areas. The economic impact of this is huge as farmlands, houses and pastures are lost.

Rail Transport N/A

There is only one functioning Nepalese passenger railway in Nepal. This 59 km narrow gauge railway (2 ft 6 in / 762 mm) runs between Janakpur (26.72861, 85.925) in Nepal and Jainagar in India close to the border. However, it is frequently closed for maintenance and not used for humanitarian response.

Air Transport June - September

During the monsoon season, heavy rains, fog and strong winds disrupt regional airports.

Waterway Transport N/A N/A

Seasonal Effects on Storage and HandlingActivity

TypeTime

Frame Comments

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Nepal

http://www.emdat.be/country_profile/index.html

http://www.emdat.be/country_profile/index.html

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/14/nepal-clears-last-landmine

http://reporting.unhcr.org/node/10316#_ga=1.40082786.1997838333.1464614025

Storage June - September

Storage of goods can become a major issue during the monsoon season because roads are impassable. It may be advisable to pre-position goods in anticipation of this. Another issue may be the backlog of goods at the origination point if trucks, etc. are unable to move the goods out.

Handling June - September

The same holds true for the handling of goods. Considerable pre-planning is recommended.

Climate and Weather

Nepal's climate varies with its topography. It ranges from sub-tropical to arctic depending upon the altitude. The Terai region has a hot and humid climate. The mid-land region are pleasant almost all the year round although winter nights are cool. The northern mountain region, around an altitude above 3,353 m, has an alpine climate with considerably lower temperatures in winter.

Monsoon: The monsoon of Nepal creates two distinct wet and dry seasons. Wet days of summer are monsoon days. Most of the rainfall in Nepal occurs during the monsoon in summer, with the rest of the year being dry. Spring and autumn are in between seasons. In general the monsoon begins from mid-June and ends at beginning of September. The months of seasons vary with altitude and slope of the mountains. Northern slopes and higher altitudes are less warm than those of southern slopes and lower altitudes. The rainy season depends on monsoon activities. It mostly rains at night, making the following days clean and fresh. The length of summer and autumn also depend on the monsoon. Most of the northern belt of the Trans-Himalayan zone is monsoon-shadowed and ideal for trekking. The climate of the Kathmandu valley can be taken as a standard.

Summer: Summer, which is May to August, is the hottest season in Nepal. Hot but dry days are more comfortable than monsoon days which are hot and humid.

Autumn: Autumn, from September to November, begins with the end of monsoon season and ends with beginning of winter in November. It is also a festival season.

Winter: Winter is from November through February. Winter days are dry with few rains. A typical day in the Kathmandu valley in winter season is as warm as 20° C on a sunny day but night temperatures fall below freezing. Western Nepal has more rain than Eastern Nepal in the winter.

Spring: Spring, from February to April, begins with occasional showers and rain. The days are mild and can be a little hazy if there are no showers for a long period.

Capacity and Contacts for In-Country Emergency ResponseGovernment

Nepal is rated by the World Bank as one of the global “hot-spots” for natural disasters. Various studies list Nepal as the 11th most at risk in terms of relative vulnerability to earthquakes, 6th at risk to climate change and 30th at risk of floods. In response to the vulnerabilities Nepal faces, the Government has seriously embarked on a comprehensive strategy to mitigate and respond to the various disasters and emergencies that occur. The lead ministry in dealing with disaster mitigation and response is the Ministry of Home Affairs (MoHA). The Natural Calamity Rescue Act of 1982 and the Local Self-Governance Act of 1999 provide the framework for all levels of government to work together on disaster reduction and response.

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The key ministries involved in disaster reduction and response and their main contributions, in addition to the Ministry of Home Affairs, are the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, and Ministry of Local Development. In addition to the coordination that the above ministries provide, the District Development Offices (DDCs) play a vital role in the process of decentralizing disaster risk management to the district and municipal levels. The Nepal Army, along with the Armed Police and Police, assist as emergency responders by providing more than 150 medical first responders, collapsed structure search and rescuers, and disaster response instructors. Search and rescue equipment is pre-positioned throughout the country.

Hospitals throughout the country carry out periodic emergency response drills. The Department of Mines and Geology has a network of 21 seismic stations, the Department of Survey has access to satellite mapping and interpretation as well as real-time operation of continuous GPS stations, and the Department of Hydrology and Meteorology has monitoring stations countrywide.

The Government of Nepal recognizes the important roles UN, INGOs and national NGOs play in disaster reduction and emergency response and has incorporated them into the overall planning and response process.

For more information on government contact details, please see the following links:

4.1 Nepal Government Contact List

Nepal Ministries and Departments

For information on the Nepal government's capacity for in-country emergency response, please see the following documents:

Nepal National Disaster Response Framework (July 2013)

Nepal Disaster and Risk Profile

Nepal Disaster Response Coordination Structures

Humanitarian Community

The Nepal Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) was established in April 2006. Members of the IASC are selected UN Agencies and INGOs and the Red Cross movement. The Nepal IASC meets on a monthly basis or whenever the situation requires.

For more information on humanitarian agency contact details, please see the following link:

4.2 Nepal Humanitarian Agency Contact List

For more information on the humanitarian community in Nepal, please see the following links / documents:

UN Nepal Information Platform

List of NGOs

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http://un.org.np/

http://un.org.np/reports/national-disaster-response-framework

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nepal_government_organizations

1.2 Nepal Regulatory Departments & Quality Control Nepal Regulatory Departments

The Department of Food Technology and Quality Control (DFTQC) is based in Babarmahal, Kathmandu, Nepal and has the following divisions:

Food Quality Control Division Food Technology Development and Training Division Central Food Laboratory National Nutrition Program SPS Enquiry Point

There are five regional offices that are mainly engaged in food / feed quality control activities such as food inspection, sample collection, and analysis of samples as well as preparation of cases if violations of food / feed laws and food safety and quality are found. There are four customs laboratories (food quarantine labs) to monitor the quality of imported / exported food products.

The Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology (NBSM) is the national standards body in Nepal. It is a government organization under the Ministry of Industry (MoI). It is also the national inquiry point / nodal point for the World Trade Organization (technical barriers to trade and non-tariff measures) and focal point for National Authority on Disarmament Affairs (NADA). The NBSM implements a product certification scheme. This is a voluntary scheme that assures quality of goods from Nepalese industries.

Functions, Duties and Responsibilities of NCS

Establish and revise national standards. Adopt and or recognize standards established by other national bodies and international

standardization institutions. Determine the fees for granting license to use quality certification marks.

NBSM Laboratories

Building Construction Material Testing Laboratory Chemical & Food Laboratories Electrical Testing Laboratory Pipe Testing Laboratory Textile Testing Laboratory Leather Testing Laboratory Mechanical Testing Laboratory Metrology Laboratory Environmental Testing Laboratory

For more information on regulatory departments and quality control laboratories’ contact details, please see the following links:


List of Nepal Government Organizations

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Nepal_government_organizations

1.3 Nepal Customs InformationDuties and Tax ExemptionThe Nepalese Customs Administration collects customs duty, Value Added Tax, excise and other taxes at the border points. It accounts for 44% of the total revenue and 50% of the total tax revenue of Nepal. Customs duties alone contribute 20% of the total tax revenue in Nepal. The Customs Administration is at the forefront in terms of internal revenue mobilization as it recognizes the equally important to enhance trade facilitation by adopting international convention, recommendation and best practices without compromising the national security.

A tax exemption could be agreed with the Minister of Finance for the importation of humanitarian goods under strict rules. The assessment is made by the Government authority on a case-by-case basis.

For more information on Nepal's custom authorities and contact information, please see the links below:


Nepal Department of Customs Website

Emergency Response[Note: This section contains information which is related and applicable to crisis times. These instruments can be applied when an emergency is officially declared by the Government. When this occurs, there is usually a streamlined process to import goods duty and tax free.]

Agreements / Conventions Description Ratified by Country?

Date of Ratification

WCO (World Customs Organization) member Yes 22 July 1985Annex J-5 Revised Kyoto Convention N/AOCHA Model Agreement Yes 31 May 2007Tampere Convention (on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations) Yes 23 April 1999

Regular Regime (Non-Emergency Response)[Note: This section should contain information on the usual duties & taxes exemption regime during non-emergency times, when there is no declared state of emergency and no streamlines process (e.g. regular importations/development/etc.).]

The Customs Act 2064 was ratified in 2007 with First and Second Amendments ratified in 2009. The full details of the current Nepal Customs Act can be found at the Nepal Department of Customs Website.

Organizational Requirements to obtain Duty Free StatusUnited Nations Agencies

The UN has a long-standing agreement with the Government of Nepal for duty-free importation.Non Governmental Organizations

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http://www.customs.gov.np/en/index.html

http://www.customs.gov.np/en/index.html

The government has a provision to provide duty-free exemption to NGOs on an event basis. It doesn’t have a provision to provide exemption by long-term agreements. NGOs need to apply for duty-free exemption through the Social Welfare Council (SWC) by following specific procedures.

Exemption Certificate Application ProcedureDuties and Taxes Exemption Application Procedure

GeneralitiesRequest for exemption is first sent to the Foreign Aid Division of the Ministry of Finance. Once the Finance Secretary approves the request, the approval is sent to the Customs Department at the intended entry point where an Import Permit will be issued. Generally importers or exporters within the territory of Nepal have to furnish the following shipping documents regarding their importation or exportation of commodities:

Compulsory Documents:o Import/Export declaration form (BPP)o Invoiceo Packing listo Letter of credito Certificate of origino Certificate of insuranceo Bill of Lading / Airway Billo Industry Registration Certificateso Permanent Account Number (with VAT Registration and Income Tax Registration if not

exempt) Optional Documents:

o Duty- exemption letter ( in case of diplomatic or exemption status)o Airlines Delivery Order (DO) / Customs Transit Declaration (CTD) for import onlyo Visa / GSP for ready-made garments exportationo Concurrence certificate from Department of Archaeology, Wildlife, Forestry or any other

agency when required for exported goodso Phytosanitary certificate

Process to be followed Submit request for exemption to the Ministry of Finance's Foreign Aid Division Finance Secretary approves request Finance Secretary issues letter to Customs Department at intended entry point Customs Department entry point issues Import Permit Goods cleared through Customs at entry point

Exemption Certificate Document RequirementsDuties and Taxes Exemption Certificate Document Requirements (by commodity)

FoodNFI

(Shelter, WASH,

Education)Medicines Vehicle &

Spare PartsStaff & Office

SuppliesTelecoms Equipment

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http://www.swc.org.np/

Invoice

Yes, 3 originals, 3 copies, applies to both UN and NGOs






AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents

Yes, 1 original, 3 copies, applies to both UN and NGOs






Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates







Packing Lists







Other Documents

3 original Phyto- sanitary certificates, 3 copies, 1 original Certificate of Origin, 3 copies, applies to both UN and NGOs

N/A N/A

3 original Phyto- sanitary certificates, 3 copies, 1 original Certificate of Origin, 3 copies, applies to both UN and NGOs

N/A

1 original permit from the Department of Telecommunications, 3 copies, applies to both UN and NGOs

Additional Notes

NGOs have different procedures from the UN. NGOs must be registered with Social Welfare Council, Ministry of Finance with notification from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. After the registration procedure is done with the above mentioned entities, application for registration is made to the Department of Customs. All exemption requests are submitted to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs who certifies the documents. If the items requested for exemption are on the Ministry’s approved list then the request is approved and processed. If the items are not on the Ministry’s approved list, the request has to be submitted and approved by the Ministry of Finance. Documents required for the this request are:

Bill of Lading Insurance policy (only for commercial goods for risk of loss) Certificate of Origin Invoice Packing List Mode of Payment (grant, donation, non-commercial certificate)

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Customs ClearanceGeneral Information

The delays at Border Posts can be extensive – up to 4 days. It is critical to get all the paperwork accurate and correct.

Customs InformationDocument Requirements See the table below.

Embargoes None

Prohibited Items

Importation of narcotic drugs, beef and beef products, valuable metals and jewelry are prohibited except under bag and baggage regulations. Prohibited exports include archaeological and religious artifacts, controlled wildlife, narcotics, arms, ammunition, explosives, industrial raw materials, imported raw materials, parts, capital goods, timber and logs.

General Restrictions

Products that may be imported only under special licenses include arms, ammunition, explosives, communication equipment, computers, TVs, VCRs and walkie-talkies.

Customs Clearance Document Requirements

Customs Clearance Document Requirements (by commodity)

FoodNFI (Shelter,

WASH, Education)

MedicinesVehicles &

Spare Parts

Staff & Office

SuppliesTelecoms

Equipment

D&T Exemption Certificate







Invoice







AWB/BL/Other Transport Documents







Donation/Non-Commercial Certificates







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Packing Lists







Phytosanitary Certificate


N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Other Documents N/A

Approval from Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare must be obtained.


N/A


Approval from the Ministry of Communica tions must be obtained for the bandwidth.

Additional NotesIn order to clear goods through Customs, the final duty-free exemption letter will be obtained from the Head of Customs and will be addressed to the Customs officer at the border crossing point. It will authorize an approved clearing agent to clear the goods per the specifications contained in the approval letter.There is no cold chain storage available for vaccines at TIA airport and it normally takes one day for customs clearance.

Transit RegimeThe majority of Nepal’s imported goods are shipped through the ports of India, namely Kolkata, and the information contained in this section applies to this transit regime. All the documents for clearing should be filed with the shipping line, port, and customs authorities for clearing and possession of cargo. Cargo is unloaded from the ship by the port authorities. If the cargo is in containers and these are not to be forwarded to the Indo-Nepal border then de-stuffing is done at the cost of the importer. The shipping line gives possession of the cargo to the importer's clearing agent after examining all the documents and the original Bill of Lading. The importer's clearing agent gets the cargo appraised by Indian customs authorities who open cases and make inspections in accordance with the invoice, packing list, etc. After a satisfactory inspection, customs authorities make an endorsement on the import license and other papers and seal the cases. The importer's clearing agent should obtain a transit insurance policy for the Indian import duty leviable in favour of the Collector of Customs. After completion of these formalities, the Customs authorities issue a Customs Transit Declaration (CTD) form that allows movement of Nepal-bound cargo from the Kolkata Port to the land customs post at the Indo-Nepal border. An “Undertaking Letter,” one per shipment, is issued by the Nepal Consulate in Kolkata. The cargo goes to the Continental Freight Temporary Storage facility. The rate is $250 / day / container.

2 Nepal Logistics Infrastructure

The logistics infrastructure in Nepal is fragile and unreliable, particularly during the monsoon. Movement through the network should be carefully planned.

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Road travelPoor roads away from main arterial highways, bad driving, frequent traffic jams, road blockages caused by landslides, washouts or bridge collapses, broken down vehicles thoughtlessly parked, and frequent fuel shortages mean that planners have to allow a wide margin of error in their logistics planning. A typical planning figure is 3-4 hours per 100 km. There are more options for road re-supply into Kathmandu than is usually recognized.

Air TransportThe terrain and altitudes of some deliveries mean specialist advice is always necessary, particularly during the monsoon from June to September.

The field study conducted for this LCA (February to April 2016) found that certain airports are still marked on local maps and are registered with Civil Aviation but have not been used for 15 – 25 years. Most are overgrown or used as sports fields but they are quite suitable for helicopters and for tented accommodation and warehousing.

Most airports outside Kathmandu have no material handling equipment, refueling facilities, adequate firefighting, and storage.

StorageThere is a good supply of warehouses (also called “go-downs”) but all need thorough inspection before use.

Supply Chain from KolkataThe supply chain from Kolkata generally functions well but can be disrupted or halted by earthquakes, floods or “bandhs” (road blocks by demonstrators). India Railways waits until there is a full train of 90 container wagons before dispatching a train, which takes three days to get to the Dry Port at Birgunj. The pace doesn’t change much during the early days of an emergency. It may increase if there is a surge in containers arriving in response to an emergency. It is noted that the commercial cargo train comes directly from Kolkata Port to the Birgunj Dry Port.

The following sections contain information on the logistics infrastructure of Nepal.

2.1 Nepal Port Assessment

Nepal is a land-locked country and relies on the Kolkata Port in India for handling practically all of its sea freight imports. Nepal also has multiple dry ports (sometimes referred to as an inland port), which is an inland intermodal terminal directly connected by road or rail to a seaport and operating as a centre for the transshipment of sea cargo to inland destinations. In addition to their role in cargo transshipment, dry ports may also include facilities for storage and consolidation of goods, maintenance for road or rail cargo carriers and customs clearance services. The location of these facilities at a dry port relieves competition for storage and customs space at the seaport itself. The term is often confused with an Inland Clearance Depot or ICD. In Nepal, the terms are interchangeable.

China is studying the feasibility of constructing a dry port at Larcha near the Tatopani customs office near Tibet’s border. Tatopani is Nepal’s busiest check point in trade links with and through Tibet. The port will have parking capacity to accommodate 200 trucks and a large go-down to place goods after customs clearance, among other facilities.

For information on a planned dry port at Timure - Rasuwagadhi and Tatopani, please see the following attachments:

Dry Port Timre - Rasuwagadhi

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Dry Port Tatopani

The following sections contain information on Kolkata Port and multiple dry ports in Nepal.

2.1.1 Port of Kolkata (India)Port OverviewNepal is a land-locked country and relies on the Kolkata Port in India for handling practically all of its sea freight imports. Kolkata Port is India's only riverine port with two dock systems - Kolkata Dock System at Kolkata with the oil wharves at Baj Baj and a deep water dock system at Haldia Dock Complex for seaborne trade. It has sophisticated port and extensive storage facilities for diverse cargo. The container terminal is computerized. Large volumes of humanitarian aid for Nepal passes through the Kolkata Port, such a WFP’s food.

PORT LOCATION & CONTACTCountry India

Province or District West BengalNearest Town or City Kolkata

Port's Complete Name Port of KolkataLatitude 22.54806

Longitude 88.30139Managing Company or Port Authority Kolkata Port Trust

Management Contact PersonChairman:+91 2230-537+91 2203 451 (ext. 201)+91 776 11110

Port Picture

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Description and Contacts of Key CompaniesFor more information on port contacts, please see the following links:

4.4 Nepal Port and Waterways Companies Contact List

Customs and Clearance Agents in Kolkata

SeaRates Port of Calcutta

World Port Source Port of Kolkata

Port of Kolkata Wikipedia Information

Port PerformanceDuring 2008-09, Kolkata Port (KoPT) handled traffic of 54.05 million tons compared to 57.3 million tons handled in 2007-08. The decline in traffic is due to the transfer of POL (crude oil) through Paradip-Haldia Pipeline, and a decline in iron ore traffic due to the volatile iron ore market and global economic crisis. During 2008-09, KoPT ranked 5th amongst all Indian Major Ports in respect of volume of traffic handled (1st: Kandla – 72.225 million tons; 2nd: Visakhapatnam - 63.908 million tons; 3rd: Chennai – 57.491 million tons, 4th: JNPT – 57.281 million tons). KoPT ranked second among Indian major ports in coke coal handling during 2008-09. The port handled 5.93 million tons and registered a growth of 8.3 percent,

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Kolkata

http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/IND_Port_of_Kolkata_236.php

https://www.searates.com/port/calcutta_in.htm

http://www.indiacom.com/yellow-pages/clearing-and-forwarding-agents/kolkata(calcutta)/

higher than the average growth (7.13 percent) registered by Indian major ports. KoPT handled 429,417 TEUs in 2008-09 compared to 425,405 TEUs in 2007-08. Kolkata Port ranked third among Indian Major Ports in respect to containerized cargo handled. By handling 41,379 TEUs, KoPT surpassed its earlier record of 40,220 TEUs handled in February 2008. In August 2008, Kolkata Dock System handled an all-time traffic record. By handling 28,128 TEUs it surpassed its earlier record of 27,562 TEUs handled in August 2007.

Customs GuidanceFor more information on customs in Nepal, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

2.1.2 Nepal Birgunj Dry Rail PortPort OverviewGoods are transported to and from India via the Birgunj dry rail port, which is the key terminal of surface cargo delivery to Nepal. This cargo point on the south connects the heart of the country, Kathmandu, via another key industrial city, Hetauda. A broad gauge railway line connects Raxaul station in India to the Sirsiya (Birgunj) Inland Container Depot (ICD), which became fully operational in 2005. It is also served by Tribhuvan Highway, extending from the Indian border at Raxaul through Birgunj and Hetauda to Kathmandu with frequent bus service. Simara Airport, which is 18 km (11 mi) north near the highway in Pipara Simara, Bara district, offers scheduled flights to Kathmandu.

PORT LOCATION & CONTACTCountry Nepal

Province or District Parsa DistrictNearest Town or City Birgunj

Port's Complete Name Birgunj Dry PortManaging Company or Port Authority Birgunj Custom Office, Parsa, Birgunj, Nepal

Management Contact Person Head of Customs OfficeClosest Airport Simara Airport




Customs GuidanceIndia and Nepal have an open border with no restrictions on the movement of their citizens. There is a customs checkpoint for the movement of goods and third country nationals.

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A new clearing process took effect on November 2, 2009, which automates the clearing process and allows for the pre-clearing of goods. It is strongly recommended to pre-clear the goods to save a potential 4- day delay.

Organisations are able to clear their own goods but it is recommended to use a reputable clearing agent. The clearing of goods takes 2 to 3 days.

For more information on customs in Nepal, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

Terminal InformationThe Birgunj entry point contains two 1,000 mt bonded warehouses. Private warehouses are also available in Birgunj.

2.1.3 Nepal Sirsiya Dry PortPort Overview


Province or District Parsa DistrictNearest Town or City Birgunj

Port's Complete Name Sirsiya Dry PortManaging Company or Port Authority Dry Port Customs Office, Sirsiya, Birgunj, Nepal







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Terminal InformationThe Dry Port has 7,105 m2 of covered bonded customs storage and space for 1,600 sea freight containers. The cargo handling facilities are good for this location with container lifts available.

2.1.4 Nepal Nepalgunj Dry PortPort Overview


Province or District Banke DistrictNearest Town or City Nepalgunj

Port's Complete Name Nepalgunj Dry PortManaging Company or Port Authority Nepalgunj Custom Office, Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal








Terminal InformationCustoms has a small warehouse (20-30 mt) for limited use.

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http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/DLCA/1.3+Nepal+Customs+Information


http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/DLCA/4.4+Nepal+Port+and+Waterways+Companies+Contact+List

http://dlca.logcluster.org/display/DLCA/4.1+Nepal+Government+Contact+List

2.1.5 Nepal Bhairahawa Dry PortPort OverviewNepal Intermodal Transport Development Board (NITDB) has leased out two Inland Clearance Depots (ICDs): Biratnagar and Bhairahawa. ICDs were leased out to the Trans Nepal Freight Services Pvt. Ltd. and Birgunj ICD to Himalayan Terminals Pvt. Both the terminal management companies are joint ventures of Nepalese and Indian enterprises.

The Bhairahawa Dry Port includes:

An administrative block of 570 m2 floor area A bituminous pavement area for parking 250 trucks Gate complex, security office and canteen facility An office space on rental for Customs House Agents A meeting hall for Customs House Agents A cooking shed for drivers Banking and foreign exchange services A business centre with photocopy, stationery, telecoms, etc.


Province or District Rupandehi DistrictNearest Town or City Bhairahawa

Port's Complete Name Bhairahawa Dry PortManaging Company or Port Authority Trans Nepal Freight Services Pvt. Ltd.




Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling ChargesFor information on charges at the Bhairahawa Dry Port, please see the following link / attachment:

Parking and Warehouse Charge Calculator for Bhairahawa Dry Port

Bhairahawa Dry Port Tariffs

Customs GuidanceThe Bhairahawa Dry Port includes:

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http://transnepaldryport.com/transnepal/indexbhw.html



A customs litigation and goods shed of 55 x 25 m An appraisal shed of 36 x 24 m with 1.2 m high level platform to facilitate custom examination at

both the ICDs An additional shed of similar size with low level platform in ICD Bhairahawa to conduct custom

examination on small vehicles Another inspection shed of 36 x 24 m area with 1.2 m high platform


Terminal InformationThe Bhairahawa Dry Port has:

A 100 ton capacity digital weighbridge A covered warehouse of 55 x 25 m with a 1.2 m high level platform Reefer plug points for refrigerator cargoes

SecurityThere is security around the clock through CCTV monitoring and security personnel hired from an outside agency.

2.1.6 Nepal Biratnagar Dry PortPort OverviewThe Biratnagar Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) is well connected to the gateway ports of Kolkata (600 km) and Haldia (708 km) in India by road or rail. This facility is situated at a distance of 115 km from Katihar junction (Bihar-India). Biratnagar ranks 3rd in overall volume of trade of Nepal after Birganj and Bhairahawa.

For practical purposes in term of location, management, available facilities, warehousing and operating schedules, Biratnagar ICD can be treated as the same entity as Rani Customs Office. For more information, please see the following link: 2.3.2 Nepal Rani Land Border Crossing.

The port includes:

A canteen facility A cooking shed for drivers Banking and foreign exchange services An administrative block of 570 m2 floor area A business centre with photocopy, stationery, telecoms, etc. A back up arrangement of 250 KVA Diesel Generator to provide a 24 hour power supply


Province or District Morang DistrictNearest Town or City Biratnagar

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Port's Complete Name Biratnagar Inland Clearance Depot

Port Picture




Discharge Rates and Terminal Handling ChargesFor information on charges at the Biratnagar Dry Port, please see the following attachment: Biratnagar Dry Port Tariffs

Port Handling EquipmentThe Biratnagar Dry Port includes

One Forklift: 3,000 kg

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Two Pallet Trolleys: 5,000 kg and 3,000 kg

Customs GuidanceTo facilitate customs examinations, the Biratnagar Dry Port has:

A 36 x 24 m appraisal shed with a 1.2 m high level platform A light structure shed designed especially to perform custom inspection of bullock carts and

tractor trolleys


Terminal InformationThe Biratnagar Dry Port includes:

Reefer plug points for refrigerator cargoes A covered warehouse of 55 x 25 m with 1.2 m high level platform An additional fully covered warehouse of similar size A digital weighbridge installed 100 ton capacity Warehouses accommodated with Electronic Weighing Scales A vacant area for adding up to 3,900 m2 warehousing / parking area for holding 150 TEUs. A parking area for 80 trucks

Port SecurityThere is security around the clock through CCTV monitoring and security personnel hired from an outside agency.

2.1.7 Nepal Kakarbhitta Dry PortPort OverviewFor practical purposes in term of location, management, available facilities, warehouses and operating schedules, Kakarbhitta Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) can be treated as the same entity as the Mechi Customs Office. For more information, please see the following link: 2.3.1 Nepal Mechi Land Border Crossing.

The port is 600 km / 15 hours truck travel time from Calcutta and is spread over 7.5 hectares of land. Currently, the port handles around 80-90 trucks of goods a day, which is far lower than the government estimate of 160 trucks. The main objective of building the port was to boost Nepal’s exports to Bangladesh. The facilities provided in the dry port have not been utilized fully as forward and clearing agents have resisted moving into the space due to unaffordable rentals being charged by the government. The state owned Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Committee (NITDC), which

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operates the dry port, had initially fixed monthly rent at Nepalese Rupee (NPR) 730 per m2, which it later reduced to NPR 375 per m2.

Port Picture




Customs GuidanceFor more information on customs in Nepal, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

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2.2 Nepal Aviation

Key airport information may also be found at: World Aero Data information on Nepal

The Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) was established as an autonomous regulatory body on 31 December 1998 under the Civil Aviation Act, 1996. CAAN has been set up with the objective of making aviation safe, regular, standard and efficient. Its primary goal is to ensure flight safety and sustainability of civil aviation. It has the responsibilities of constructing, operating and maintaining airports. It also must equip the airports with necessary communications and navigational facilities. Being primarily mountainous and landlocked, Nepal relies heavily on the national aviation system. National airports are usually operated in quite limited capacity and are built for medium /small types of aircraft. The largest national airports are Tribhuvan International Airport in Kathmandu, Pohkara, Biratnagar, Gautam Buddha Airport, Nepalgunj and Tenzing Hillary (Lukla). Most airports other than Tribhuvan International Airport and Pokhara have few facilities. Most have no refueling, MHE, catering, storage, firefighting, radar or ground handling.

An LCA reconnaissance in Feb 2016 revealed that the airports shown on the above map at Darchula (Gokaleshwor), Baitadi (Patan) and Sanfenbagar have not been used for over 20 years. They are suitable for helicopters only and there are no air traffic control systems at all.

For more information on government agency and airport companies’ contact information, please see the following links:

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http://worldaerodata.com/countries/Nepal.php


4.5 Nepal Airport Companies Contact List

Procedures for Foreign Registered AircraftThe following requirements need to be applied, presented and approved before foreign registered aircraft are pre-positioned. For regular international scheduled flights operated by foreign airlines into or in transit across Nepal, the following requirements must be met:

1. The airline must be a party of the International Air Services Transit Agreement and/or the International Air Transport Agreement. Nepal is a party to the International Air Services Transit Agreement.

2. The airline must be eligible to make the flights under the provisions of a bilateral or multilateral agreement to which the State of the airline and Nepal are contracting parties and must have a permit to operate into or in transit across Nepal. Applications for such permits must be made in writing and must reach the Director General of Civil Aviation Authority at least of 60 working days before the applicable date.

3. For the amendments to the schedule or revisions of the scheduled flight, the request for amendment revisions shall be submitted at least 7 working days before the applicable date of change.

Over-flightsAdvanced notification and permission from the Civil Aviation Authority is necessary, subject to the terms of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, Kingdom of Nepal. In all other cases, requests for operation of flights must be sought and obtained through diplomatic means from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Nepal.

Non-Traffic or Technical LandingsThe same procedures as for over-flights apply. Operators should schedule their arrivals and departures within the operational hours of the airport. Prior coordination is required if outside normal working hours.

Traffic Landings and UpliftsAll non-scheduled flights are subject to prior approval. Applications for approval to operate such flights shall be submitted either by letter or AFS or facsimile or telex to the CAA of Nepal.

Commercial FlightsAll applications must be made in writing and must reach the Director General, Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal at least 15 working days prior to the aircraft's arrival or departure from Nepal. If insufficient notice is given, the application shall not be considered. Only the operator may apply for permission to operate a non-scheduled flight. The permit will be granted in the name of the operator. In applying for a permit for charter flights, a copy of the Aircraft Charter Contract is to be submitted together with the following details:

1. Name, address and nationality of operator / owners2. Name, address and business of charterer3. Type, registration mark, maximum all up weight and maximum seating capacity of aircraft and tire

pressure4. Name of Pilot-in-Command and number of crew, nationality5. Nature of flight including details whether the flight is to carry passengers or cargo or both

Private Flights

Advance notification of arrival is required and permission must be submitted to the Director General, Civil Aviation at least 7 days in advance of the arrival date. Required documents are the same as for scheduled flights.

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For information on disused airports and helicopter landing sites in Nepal, please see the following attachments:

Disused Airports in Nepal

Helicopter Landing Points Eastern Region Map-Jan 2016

List of Helicopter Landing Points Eastern Region

List of Helicopter Landing Points Western Region

2.2.1 Nepal Tribhuvan International Airport KathmanduTribhuvan International Airport (TIA) is the international airport in Kathmandu, Nepal, and it is located 6 km from the city centre, in the Kathmandu valley. It is the sole international airport in Nepal, though Nijgadh International Airport has been proposed as a second one. Tribhuvan International Airport has served as an airfield since 1949, and was inaugurated in 1955 by King Mahendra, receiving its current name in 1964. Originally a grass runway, it was re-laid in concrete in 1957 and has been extended several times. The first jet aircraft landed at Tribhuvan in 1967 and regular jet operations commenced in 1972.

The airport has one domestic and one international terminal. In 2015, the airport handled 3.21 million passengers, with a 8.37% decrease from 2014. At present, about 30 international airlines connect Nepal to destinations in Asia and the Middle East, and the airport serves as a hub for several Nepalese airlines. In 2001, Royal Nepal Airlines discontinued their flights to Frankfurt and London, which severed Nepal's direct air links with Europe. Recently, Turkish Airlines launched direct flights from Istanbul to Kathmandu, re-establishing Nepal's connection with continental Europe. The Nepalese government has also recently announced that agreements have been made with Air New Zealand, Vietnam Airlines, and El Al to schedule direct flights to Kathmandu from Auckland, Hanoi, and Tel Aviv (not limited to codeshare flights).

The airport has a single 3,050 m (10,007 ft) concrete runway orientated 02/20. There is no instrument landing system available. TIA reports space available to accommodate approximately 13 x MI 17 helicopters at one time. In addition to the two public terminals, there is also a terminal for VIP guests.

ATM machines are available for cash withdrawals.

Location DetailsCountry Nepal Latitude 27.69658

Province / District Central/ Kathmandu Longitude 85.3591Town or City (Closest) Kathmandu Elevation (ft and m) 4,390 ft / 1,338 m

Airfield Name Tribhuvan International Airport IATA and ICAO Codes TIA / VNKT

Open From (hours) 6:00 am (16 February to 15 November)6:30 am (16 November to 15 February) Open To (hours) 12:30 am

Runways

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Runway #02Runway Dimensions 3,050 m x 46 m / 150 ft

Orientation 02/20Surface Concrete

Runway #20Runway Dimensions 2,928 m x 45 m /150 ft

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Orientation 02/20Surface Concrete

Airport Infrastructure DetailsCustoms Yes JET A-1 fuel Yes

Immigration Yes AVGAS 100 N/ATerminal Building Yes Single Point Refueling Yes

Passenger Terminal Yes Air Starter Units YesCargo terminal Yes Ground Power (mobile) Yes

Pax transport to airfield Yes Ground Handling Services YesControl Tower Yes Latrine Servicing Yes

Weather Facilities Yes Fire Fighting Category (ICAO) YesCatering Services Yes De-icing Equipment n/a

Base Operating Room Yes Parking Ramp Lighting YesAirport Radar Yes Approach & Runway Lights Yes

NDB Yes VOR YesILS N/A

Passenger and Cargo Performance IndicatorThe government and the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) are keen to be more flexible on increasing air seats and frequencies. Nepal has so far reached air service agreements and MOUs with 35 countries. Bilateral agreements with Qatar, Thailand, India and China are in the process of review. Recently the government has concluded agreements with Sri Lanka and Bahrain. CAAN is committed to cooperate with the Government for the maximum utilization of seats.

Performance for 2014 Annual FiguresTotal aircraft movements 9,873 aircraft departures and 9,866 aircraft arrivals

Total passengers 1,363,862 OUT and 2,547,812 INTotal capacity of the airport (metric tons) 15,468.06 MT

Current activity of the airport (metric tons) N/ACurrent use by Humanitarian flights (UNHAS) N/A

Airport Operating DetailsOperating Details

Maximum sized aircraft which can be offloaded on bulk

cargo:A340, B777

Maximum sized aircraft that can be offloaded on pallet A340, B777, B747

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Total aircraft parking area (m²) Space for 9 medium and wide-body aircraft.

Storage Area (mt) 10,200 m² of cargo storage Cubic Meters (m³) N/A

Cargo Handling Equipment Available (Yes / No)

Yes

The following handling equipment is available at TIA:

Tow bars: for B707, B727, B747, DC-10, A300, A310, A320. Other aircraft types must supply their own.

Forklifts: 1x 10mt Clark; 1x 2mt Clark, 1x 3mt Clark Platforms: 2 x Ruthmann scissor lifts (14 meters)

Conveyor belts: 5 Nordco belt loaders (166”) and 2 Diethelm belt loaders (166”)

If "Yes" specify below

Elevators / Hi Loaders (Yes / No)

Yes

High loaders: 1 x 7mt BMA high loader; 1 x 7mt Souam transporter; max pallet size: 96”x125”, 7 mt capacity

Max Capacity

(mt)7 MT

Can elevators / hi loaders reach the upper level of a

B747 (Yes / No)Yes. While only a few B747 aircraft have landed at the airport, they were not being used as cargo aircraft. This is due to the short runway.

Loading Ramps (Yes / No) N/A

Storage FacilitiesPreparation of a TIA Master Plan for the years 2000, 2005 and 2015. In respect of the existing cargo building, the major challenge addressed and taken into account during the formulation of the master plan were the 'scattered and inadequate cargo facilities at three different locations'. Total floor area covered by these three facilities stood only at 3,500 m². Therefore, a centralized Air Cargo Complex was constructed to address the issues with cargo safety, cargo building capacity and cargo handling management. The new cargo facilities were put into operation in 2001 offering a total of 10,200 m² of indoor storage.

In addition to the 10,200 m² of covered warehouse space available at the cargo terminal, a 335 m² hanger and additional ground space are available for the placement of portable warehouses such as Rubbhall/Wiikhalls along the old runway.

Airfield CostsNavigation Charges

Charges for aerodromes and air navigation services can be found in the following link: Aeronautical information Services-Nepal

Hangarage Charges

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http://e-aip.caanepal.org.np/welcome/listall/1

http://e-aip.caanepal.org.np/welcome/listall/1

The criteria for the assessment of hangar charges is based on the maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of the aircraft concerned.A housing fee at the rate specified below shall be payable for the housing of an aircraft at any aerodrome for each period of 24 hrs.

Firefighting and Rescue Services Charges

An amount at the rate of US $100.00 or equivalent in Nepalese currency for each 1,000 kg of the aircraft shall be charged for runway foaming

A fee of 200.00 Nepal Rupees for ambulance service for each time Actual cost for search and rescue service and 15% service charge thereon shall be charged

Air Navigation Service Charges

An air navigational facility charges shall be payable in respect of each flight flying through airspace within the boundary of Kathmandu FIR at the rates specified below.

Cost basis for Air Navigation Services:

For calculation of all charges, total weight of the aircraft shall be used. The total weight of an aircraft shall be the maximum take-off weight as specified under the regulation of the state in which the aircraft is registered.

Exemptions/reductions and methods of payment are same as landing, parking and hangar charges.

Surcharge: An additional air navigation facilities charge shall be payable in respect of each flight operating at night or outside of the published operational hours of the aerodrome.

Method of Payment

Except as approved in writing by the Director General of the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, all fees except the passenger service charge and entrance fees shall be paid by the commander of aircraft or agent without demand before the aircraft departs from the aerodrome. For aircraft carrying out international flights, all payments of fees shall be made in US dollars.

Aircraft Weight - MTOW (kg)

Navigation (per journey)

USD - $

Landing (International Flights)

USD - $Parking (International

Flights) USD - $ Hangarage Charges

0 10,000 $76.50 $1.25 per 1,000 kg $1.00 per 1,000 kg $2.25 per 1,000 kg

10,001 25,000 $76.50$12.25 plus $2.50 for each 1,000 kg in excess of 10,000 kg

$1.00 per 1,000 kg $2.25 per 1,000 kg


$1.00 per 1,000 kg $2.25 per 1,000 kg


$49.00 plus $1.05 for each 1,000 kg in excess of 50,000 kg





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100,001 and over $305.50$475.00 plus $8.55 for each 1,000 kg in excess of 100,000 kg



Fuel Services Charges

Price per UnitJet A-1 NPR 99.00 (Duty Paid) US$ 889/KL (Bonded)

Cargo Terminal Charges

A cargo charge at the rate of 50 paisa per kilogram shall be imposed on cargo imported from abroad via air to the Kingdom of Nepal. A cargo charge at the rate of 30 paisa per kilogram shall be imposed on cargo transported on domestic flights.

Import Rate US$ / kgHandling Charge per kg $6-7Break Bulk Fee N/ADiplomatic Mail $0.7Strong Room – per consignment N/ACold Storage Fee N/ADelivery outside normal working hours $8/tripPreparation of substitute AOA – Invoice – Receipt $7-10 below 100 kg

Storage per kg per day – Grace period? hours

$5-6 mt/day for one month and above one month $10-12 mt/day

Export Rate US$ / kgHandling charges – Unpalletized cargo $50/boxInternational Air WayBill $2-5Local Air WayBill $20Air Way Bill Amendment - Cancellation Only air waybill feeAir Way Bill Documentation $40-45Diplomatic Mail $6-7Storage charges per kg per day $4-5

SecurityLevel: Good

There are security charges at the rate of 10% of the landing fees.

Companies Available For more information on airport companies’ contact details, please see the following link: 4.5 Nepal Airport Companies Contact List

Information on some aviation service providers can be found at: AZ Freight information on Nepal

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http://www.azfreight.com/search_results_directory.htm?which_directory=specific&geographic_location=1&criteria=&location=-1&facility=-1&country=Nepal&x=57&y=9

For more information on airlines and destinations, please see the following attachment: Nepal Tribhuvan International Airport - Airlines and Destinations

2.2.2 Nepal Bharatpur National AirportBharatpur National Airport is a domestic airport operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal, serving the city of Bharatpur in the Chitwan district, Lumbini zone, Western region. The airport is located 1 mile Southwest of Bharatpur.

Airport DetailsCountry Nepal Latitude 27.67806

Province / District Chitwan Longitude 84.42944Airport Name Bharatpur Elevation (ft) 679 ft

IATA & ICAO codes BHR / VNBP Surface Black TopTown or City (closest) Narayanghad Runway Condition Ok

NGO / UN (on ground) N/A Passenger / Cargo Security Screening (Yes / No) Yes

Runway Dimension 1,200 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) YesRefueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) NoRunway Heading SE/NW Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes

Air Traffic Control (Yes / No) Yes Windsock (Yes / No) YesWeather Information (Yes /

No) Yes Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes

Navigation Aids (Yes / No) NDB only Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

2.2.3 Nepal Biratnagar National AirportBiratnagar Airport serves as the hub of the Eastern Development Region and stands first in terms of passenger movement. The Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) is planning to develop this airport as a regional hub capable of operating medium sized jet airplanes like the Boeing 757. The runway length of Biratnagar airport is 1,524 m and is equipped with night lights. The airport is able to receive up to eight aircrafts (three ATR’s and five Twin-engine). Fokker 100-sized aircrafts are permitted to land at this airport too. Biratnagar airport supports six STOL's (short take-off and landing) airports: Taplejung, Bhojpur, Phaplu, Rumjatar, Lamidanda and Tumlingtar. There are flights to seven destinations from this airport including Tumlingtaar, Bhojpur, Laxmi Danda, Thanpurva, Taplejung, Rumjataarand Phaplung. The nearest airport is Bhadrapur Airport, approximately a 15 minute flight away. The airport personnel are experienced in emergency response. During the 2008 floods, relief materials were transported from the airport to the disaster-affected areas. Humanitarian agencies work regularly with transport companies and handling agents. For more information on the Biratnagar National Airport, please see the following attachment: Biratnagar Airport Additional Information

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Province / District Morang Longitude 87.28333Airport Name Biratnagar Elevation (ft) 236 ft

IATA & ICAO codes BIR / VNVT Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Biratnagar Runway Condition Good

NGO / UN (on ground) N/A Passenger / Cargo Security Screening (Yes / No) Yes (X-Ray)

Runway Dimension 1,524 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) Yes (Manual)

Refueling Capacity Yes (NOC Depot) Runway Lighting (Yes / No) Yes + PAPI

Runway Heading 09/27 Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No)Yes (Cat. 5)

Foam Tender + Ambulance

Air Traffic Control (Yes / No)

Yes Control Zone

AMSSWindsock (Yes / No) Yes

Weather Information (Yes / No) Yes Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No)

Yes6-7 Fixed

1 x Heli (+1 u/c)

Navigation Aids (Yes / No)

YesVOR + DMEIFR (Night)

Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

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Fuel Services ChargesFuel Supplied by Nepal Oil Company depot on site.

Price per UnitJet A-1 190 Rs/L.Avgas N/A

2.2.4 Nepal Changraghadi National AirfieldChangraghadi Airfield is a large airfield close to Bhadrapur, District Office of Jhapa. The Indian border crossing at Mechi is 30 minutes away. At Changraghadi Airfield up to 50% of flights are canceled during winter. For more information on the Changraghadi National Airfield, please see the following attachment: Changraghadi Airfield Additional Information


Province / District Jhapa Longitude 88.07583

Airfield Name Changraghadi Airfield Elevation (ft and m) 308 ft / 30

mIATA & ICAO codes BDP / VNCG Surface Asphalt

Town or City (closest) Bhadrapur (0.5 km) Runway Condition Good

NGO / UN (on ground) No Passenger / Cargo Security Screening (Yes / No) Yes

Runway Dimension 4,921 ft x 100 ft1,500 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) No

Refueling Capacity No Runway Lighting (Yes / No) Yes(PAPI only)

Runway Heading 10/28 Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) No

Air Traffic Control (Yes / No)

Yes(Control Service

Only)Windsock (Yes / No) Yes

Weather Information (Yes / No) No Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes

(x4)Navigation Aids (Yes / No) No Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

Royalties / Non Objection Fees (NOFs)Landing Fees

Scheduled Non-scheduledATR 72 1,560 NPR +25 %

Jeststream 480 NPR -

Parking Fees

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First 3 hours free Same as landing fee / 6 hours thereafter

2.2.5 Nepal Dhangadhi National AirportDhangadhi Ariport is located at Attariya Municipality Ward no.11 which is 3 km away from Dhangadhi city and 10 km from Attariya Chowk. This airport is also being upgraded to an international airport, to become Nepal's fourth international airport.


Province / District Kailali Longitude 80.58194Airport Name Dhangadhi Airport Elevation (ft) 577 ft

IATA & ICAO codes BIR / VNVT Surface Black ToppedTown or City (closest) Attariria Runway Condition N/A


Runway Dimension 1,800 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No)Yes

Managed by Concern Airlines

Refueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) Yes

Runway Heading East - West Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes

Air Traffic Control (Yes / No) Yes Windsock (Yes / No) Yes

Weather Information (Yes / No)

YesBy Met office through

controllerAircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes


YesVOR/DME Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

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2.2.6 Nepal Bhairahawa National AirportBhairahawa Airport is a domestic airport serving the Lumbini Zone in Nepal. Bhairahawa Airport will be upgraded to a Regional International Airport by 2018 with an upgraded runway of 3,000 m. The airport will have the capacity of serving 760,000 passengers annually after the completion of the first phase. This will include the construction of a new runway, exit and parallel taxiways with flexible pavements, new international aircraft parking apron with rigid pavements, together with the rehabilitation of the existing runway for conversion into parallel taxiway, drainage system parallel to the runway, taxiway and diversion of the Ghaghara Khola and airport boundary.


Province / District Rupandehi Longitude 83.41806Airport Name Gautam Buddha Elevation (ft) 344 ft

IATA & ICAO codes BWA / VNBW Surface Asphalt / ConcreteTown or City (closest) Bhairahawa Runway Condition N/A


Runway Dimension 5,000 m x 100 m Ground Handling (Yes / No)Yes

Managed by Concern Airlines

Refueling Capacity Jet A1 during operational hours Runway Lighting (Yes / No) Yes

Runway Heading East - West Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes


Weather Information (Yes / No)

YesBy Met office through

controllerAircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes

5


YesVOR/DME Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

2.2.7 Nepal Janakpur National AirportAirport Details

Country Nepal Latitude 26.72861Province / District Dhanusha Longitude 85.925

Airport Name Janakpur Airport Elevation (ft) 243 ft

IATA & ICAO codes JKR / VNJP Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Janakpur Runway Condition Serviceable

NGO / UN (on ground) N/A Passenger / Cargo Security Screening (Yes / No) N/A

Runway Dimension 610 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) NoRefueling Capacity No Runway Lighting (Yes / No) NoRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) N/A

Air Traffic Control (Yes / No) No Windsock (Yes / No) Yes

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Weather Information (Yes / No) No Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes

Navigation Aids (Yes / No) No Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) No

2.2.8 Nepal Jomsom National Airport – MustangJomsom Airport is a commercial domestic airport subject to severe atmospheric conditions. Flight arrivals and departures operate between 6:30 am and 10:00 am each day, after which time landing and takeoff are made unsafe due to high winds.


Province / District Mustang Longitude 83.7225

Airport Name Jomsom Airport Elevation (ft) 8,976 ft

IATA & ICAO codes JMO / VNJS Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Jomsom Bazar Runway Condition Serviceable


Runway Dimension 2,424 m x 65 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) No

Refueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) No

Runway HeadingN-S

06/24Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) No



Navigation Aids (Yes / No) Yes Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

2.2.9 Nepal Jumla National AirportJumla Airport is an airport serving Jumla, the capital of the Jumla District in Province No. 6 in Nepal. The airport is capable of handling aircraft from the Nepalese Army Air Service.


Province / District Jumla Longitude 82.19333Airport Name Jumla Airport Elevation (ft) 7,790 ft

IATA & ICAO codes VNJL / JUM Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Jumla Runway Condition Serviceable


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Runway Dimension 675 m x 20 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) No

Refueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) No

Runway HeadingN-S

06/24Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) No




2.2.10 Nepal Nepalgunj National AirportNepalgunj Airport is an airport serving Nepalgunj (also spelled Nepalganj), a municipality in Banke District of Province No. 5 in Nepal, and has been in service since 1961. It is the second largest airport in Nepal after Tribhuvan International Airport, with the second greatest number of aircraft and passenger movements. After the introduction of the FK-100 jet aircraft, in 2005 passenger movement at this airport increased by 13.39% compared to 2004 figures. Recently, the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal (CAAN) has permitted Flying Dragon Airlines, a joint venture company of Nepal and China, to operate in remote areas of the Mid- and Far-Western development regions utilising Nepalgunj Airport as the operating base. The airport is also capable of handling aircraft from the Nepalese Army Air Service.


Province / District Banke Longitude 81.66694

Airport Name Nepalgunj Airport Elevation (ft) 518 ft

IATA & ICAO codes KEP / VNNG Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Nepalgunj Runway Condition Serviceable


Runway Dimension 1,505 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) NoRefueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) NoRunway Heading Yes Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) No


Weather Information (Yes / No) Yes Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes


2.2.11 Nepal Pokhara National AirportPokhara Airport is a regional airport serving the city of Pokhara in Nepal. The airport was established on 4 July 1958 and is operated by the government's Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal and is capable of handling aircraft from the Nepalese Army Air Service. It offers regular connections to Kathmandu and Jomsom airports, and seasonal connections to Manang Airport. Following a new agreement on air travel between India and Nepal, Pokhara Airport is to be the site of Nepal's second

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international airport. Construction started in the Southeast of Pokhara in 2009. In 2011 Buddha Air, a Nepali private airline, began international flights from Pokhara to Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow, India, and announced plans to fly to New Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport in the future. The dimensions of the airport's apron allows handling of 8 small propeller planes at a time. Pokhara Airport is a diversion airport for Tribhuvan International Airport when complications occur, such as heavy fog. Due to the limited dimensions of the runway and of the apron, flights must often be re-diverted to third airports. In March 2016 the Government of Nepal signed a deal with China Exim Bank to build the new International Airport at Pokhara by July 2020. The airport will spread over 200 hectares, with a runway of 2,500 m x 45 m.


Province / District Pokhara / Kashki Longitude 83.9675

Airport Name Pokhara Airport Elevation (ft) 2,696 ft

IATA & ICAO codes PKR / VNPK SurfaceAsphalt/Concrete/Bitumen

ATR42 typeTown or City (closest) Pokhara Runway Condition Serviceable


Runway Dimension 1,444 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) Yes

Refueling Capacity NOC Runway Lighting (Yes / No) YesRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes



5Navigation Aids (Yes /

No)Yes

DME only Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

2.2.12 Nepal Simara National AirportSimara Airport is an airport serving Pipara Simara in Nepal. It is also the closest airport to Birganj, Nepal's sixth largest city. The airport was established on 4 July 1958 and is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal. The airport is capable to handle aircraft from the Nepalese Army Air Service.

Airport Details April 2016Country Nepal Latitude 28.57917

Province / District Bara Longitude 85.98167

Airport Name Simara Airport Elevation (ft) 455 ft

IATA & ICAO codes SIF / VNSI Surface Asphalt/Concrete/BitumenATR42 type

Town or City (closest) Birgunj Runway Condition Serviceable


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Runway Dimension 1,192 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) Yes

Refueling Capacity NOC Runway Lighting (Yes / No) YesRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes



5Navigation Aids (Yes /

No) Yes Perimeter fencing (Yes / No) Yes

2.2.13 Nepal Simikot National AirportSimikot Airport is an airport serving Simikot, a town in the Humla district of the Karnali zone in Nepal. This airport has recently been resurfaced.


Province / District Humla Longitude 81.81889Airport Name Simikot Airport Elevation (ft) 974 ft

IATA & ICAO codes IMK / VNST Surface Black toppedTown or City (closest) Simikot/Hilsa Runway Condition Serivceable


Runway Dimension 650 m x 20 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) N/ARefueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) YesRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes


No) Yes Aircraft Parking space (Yes / No) Yes5


2.2.14 Nepal Surkhet National AirportSurkhet Airport is an airport in Surkhet, Nepal. It is one of the hub airports in Midwestern Nepal, located 5 km from the city of Birendranagar and is sometimes referred to as Birendranagar Airport. The airport is capable of handling aircrafts from the Nepalese Army Air Service.


Province / District Surkhet Longitude 81.63528Airport Name Surkhet Airport Elevation (ft) 2,054 ft

IATA & ICAO codes SKH / VNSK Surface Asphalt

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Town or City (closest) Birendranagar Runway Condition Serviceable


Runway Dimension 1,255 m x 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) N/ARefueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) YesRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes




2.2.15 Nepal Tumlingtar National AirportTumlingtar Airport is an airport serving Tumlingtar, a city in Eastern Nepal.


Province / District Shankhuwasabha Longitude 87.19528Airport Name Tumlingtar Airport Elevation (ft) 1,315 ft

IATA & ICAO codes TMI / VNTR Surface AsphaltTown or City (closest) Chainpur Runway Condition Serviceable


Runway Dimension 1,220 m X 30 m Ground Handling (Yes / No) N/ARefueling Capacity N/A Runway Lighting (Yes / No) YesRunway Heading N/A Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) Yes




2.2.16 Nepal Tenzing-Hillary National AirportAirport OverviewTenzing–Hillary Airport (also known as Lukla Airport) is where most people start the climb to Mount Everest Base Camp. There are daily flights between Lukla and Kathmandu during daylight hours in good weather. Weather related delays including high winds, cloud cover, and changing visibility often affect flights or cause the airport to close. The airport is surrounded by fencing, and patrolled by the Nepali armed police or civil police.

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The airport's paved asphalt runway has an 11.7% gradient, and is accessible only to helicopters and small, fixed-wing, short-takeoff-and-landing aircraft (i.e De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Dornier Do 228, L-410 Turbolet, Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter, etc.).

The apron has four stands and there is one helipad located 140 m (460 ft) from the control tower. No landing aids are available and the only air traffic service is an Aerodrome Flight Information Service.

Airport Location and ContactCountry Nepal

Province or District Solukhumbu District, Sagarmatha ZoneNearest Town or City

with Distance from Airport Lukla

Airport’s Complete Name Tenzing-Hillary AirportLatitude 27.6878

Longitude 86.7314Elevation (ft and m) 2,845 m (9,334 ft)

IATA Code LUAICAO Code VNLK

Managing Company or Airport Authority Civil Aviation AuthorityManagement Contact Person Civil Aviation Authority

NGO and/or UN Presence at Airport? No

Runway(s)Runway #1

Runway Dimensions 527 m (1,729 ft) × 30 m (98 ft)Runway Orientation 07/25

Runway Surface BitumenRunway Condition Good

Airport Infrastructure DetailsInfrastructure

Passenger / Cargo Security Screening Yes Runway Lighting YesRefueling Capacity No Ground Handling Services YesAir Traffic Control Yes Fire Fighting Equipment Yes

Weather Information Yes Aircraft Parking Space YesNavigation Aids Yes Perimeter Fencing Yes

Windsock No

Fuel Services ChargesNo fuel services are available at this airport.

Price per Litre USD - $Jet A-1 n/aAvgas n/a

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2.3 Nepal Road Network

The Nepal transportation system depends largely on the road network. This Strategic Road Network (SRN) links the main towns / cities, commercial centers, main international border crossings and the majority of the districts. The main road of Nepal is the Mahendra Highway, which runs through the Terai (plains) from the east to west, a distance of 1,027 km. Based on the Department of Roads, it has 477 bridges, 66 of which are longer than 100 m, with the longest one having a span of 1,150 m. Most highways are in relatively good condition. From the Mahendra Highway there are a number of asphalt highways going north into the hills through the various districts. In the hills and mountains, the traffic can be very slow due to the difficult terrain and poor road conditions. The roads in the Kathmandu valley are often congested by heavy-duty trucks and general heavy traffic. During the last decade the government, together with foreign investors, undertook an effort to develop a road network throughout all 75 districts. With the ultimate objective of directly contributing to the alleviation of poverty in Nepal, the main objective of road development is to expand and strengthen the road network in a sustainable way for enhancing the overall socio-economic development and integration of the country. Roads form an important part of Nepal’s development strategy in order to deliver services, administer projects and maintain law and order.

For more information on government agency contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Nepal Government Contact List

For more information on the Nepal Road Network, please see the following links:

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South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) Corridor Map

Nepal Road Network Additional Information

Nepal Road Infrastructure

List of Roads in Nepal

Distance MatrixDownload the map as PDF: Road Distance Map

Distance from Capital City to Major Towns (km)Kathmand

u Biratnagar Birgunj Sonauli Nepalgunj Ilam Pokhara Dhankuta

Kathmandu 391 146 286 507 539 197 451

Biratnagar 391 312 511 754 180 515 92Birgunj 146 312 251 501 530 265 369Sonauli 286 511 251 283 729 192 568

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_roads_in_Nepal

Nepalgunj 507 754 501 283 902 405 814Ilam 539 902 530 729 902 663 225

Pokhara 197 405 265 192 405 663 575Dhankuta 451 814 369 568 814 225 575

Travel Time from Capital City to Major Towns (Hours / Days)Kathmandu Kalanki

Kakarbhitta

Biratnagar

Birgunj Hetauda Bhairahaw

aNepalgunj

Dhangadhi

Kathmandu Kalanki 9.5 8 3 2 7 10 14

Kakarbhitta 9.5 2.5 8 8 12 17 20Biratnagar 8 2.5 6 6 10 15 19Birgunj 3 8 6 1 5 10 13Hetauda 2 8 6 1 6 9 12Bhairahawa 7 12 10 5 5 5 8Nepalgunj 10 17 15 10 9 5 4Dhangadhi 13 20 18 13 12 8 4

Road SecurityThe major security threat for those using the Nepal road network is political riots and unrest. Roads are often times by the protesters, and this causes major traffic jams. Bandhs, or general strikes, involving the shutdown of roads, schools, and businesses often occur at short notice and cause widespread disruption. It is advisable to completely avoid being in the area of these general strikes as attacks on vehicles have occurred and passengers have been injured. There are an increasing number of road accidents occurring in Nepal and great care should be used when travelling outside of the Kathmandu Valley. Injuries and deaths from motorcycle accidents are frequent so it is advisable to avoid using motorcycles as a means of transportation.

Weighbridges and Axle Load LimitsThe Department of Roads (DoR) is empowered to set the limitation of vehicle weight and to control the movement of overloaded vehicles on roads. Considering the increasing problem of overloaded vehicles and its direct impact on the life and function of roads, bridges, and road safety, the DoR has prepared a separate Heavy Vehicle Management Policy (HVMP). This HVMP intends to clarify the roles and responsibilities of the Department of Roads, Department of Transport Management, and Traffic Police Office and to provide better coordination for implementation of the control on axle load and vehicle load limits. Privately-owned weighbridges are available at only 5 entry points and at Tribhuvan International Airport. Interstate Transport, a private company, owns a 100 mt weighbridge at the Dry Port in Birgunj. Currently, there appears to be little or no weight restriction enforcement in effect.

Medium-sized trucks (seven to ten ton payload) operate over two lane asphalt roads at relatively low average speeds. Many of the major roads are poorly maintained and congested. The result is relatively low average travel speeds, in the range of 200 to 400 km per day. The movement of containers on the Nepal roadways is also limited due to the terrain and condition of the roads. Most of the trucks used in cross-border movements are 2-3 axle (six or ten wheel) trucks carrying payloads up to 18 mt. Trucks carrying bulk cargo are generally overloaded, causing additional damage to roads.

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Axle load limits LCA Country Transit Country Transit CountryTruck with 2 axles n/a INDIA NEPALTruck with 3 axles n/a INDIA NEPALTruck with 4 axles n/a NA n/a

Semi-trailer with 3 axles n/a INDIA NEPALSemi-trailer with 4 axles n/a INDIA NEPALSemi-trailer with 5 axles n/a INDIA NEPALSemi-trailer with 6 axles n/a NA n/a

Truck & drawbar trailer with 4 axles n/a INDIA NEPALTruck & drawbar trailer with 5 axles n/a INDIA n/aTruck & drawbar trailer with 6 axles n/a INDIA n/aTruck & drawbar trailer with 7 axles n/a INDIA n/a

Road Class and Surface ConditionsThe Government has a goal of extending roads to each of the 75 districts. Fourteen remote districts have yet to have roads extended to them due to their landscape's complexity and inaccessibility. A number of new roads were built in hillsides just to be washed away by the next monsoon. Foreign governments have invested in road construction but not in road maintenance. The DoR, within the Ministry of Planning and Works, is responsible for overseeing all of the roads within Nepal. Their main focus is on the Strategic Road Network, which currently includes approximately 9,400 km of roads spread over all 14 zones and most of the 75 districts. While the Nepal Road Standards of 2027, 1st Revision-2045 state four distinct road classifications:

National highways (NH) Feeder roads (FR) District roads (DR) City roads/streets (CR)

The current DoR data focuses on the strategic roads and use slightly different classifications.

Main Transport Corridors

Kakarbhitta, Jhapa (Eastern): Kakarbhitta, Jhapa is about a 15-17 hour drive and 610 km away from Kathmandu.

Birgunj, Parsa (Central): Birgunj is the main entry point to Nepal from India for cargo and people, especially coming from Kolkata and Patna. Birgunj has a railway to Raxaul. The nearest airport is in Simara which is about 20 km from Birgunj and it takes about 20 minutes to reach Kathmandu by air.

Kodari (Northern Border, Central): Kodari, about a 6-7 hour drive from Kathmandu, lies on the Nepal-China border. This border entry point is still regarded as an important trading link between Nepal and Tibet.

Belhia, Bhairahawa (Rupandehi, Western): Belhia, Bhairahawa, which is also known as Siddharthanagar, is about an 8-9 hour drive and 280 km away from Kathmandu. This is another important entry point from India.

Nepalgunj (Banke, Mid-Western): Jamunaha, Nepalgunj is about a 12-13 hour drive and 530 km away from Kathmandu. Nepalgunj is also one of the major trading centers of Nepal and since it lies near the Indian border, it is well connected to all major Indian cities.

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Jamunaha, Mohana, Dhangadhi (Kailali, Far Western): Mohana, Dhangadhi is located in the far western region of Nepal, about 660 km away from Kathmandu. Delhi is a 6 hour drive from Mohana.

Gadda Chauki, Mahendranagar (Kanchanpur, Far Western): Gadda Chauki, Mahendranagar is a small town that lies in the far western region of Nepal. It is about an 18-19 hour drive and 695 km away from Kathmandu.

International Corridors Leading to the Country

The following are the most actively used transport corridors:

Karachi – Lahore – New Delhi – Nepalgunj – Kathmandu (3,147 km) Kathmandu – Kakarvitta – Phulbari – Banglabandha – Mongla (1,362 km) Kathmandu – Kakarvitta – Phuntsholing – Thimpu (1,011 km) Kathmandu – Kolkata / Haldia (1,323 km) Kathmandu – Bhairahawa – Sunauli - Lucknow (663 km) Biratnagar – Kolkata (689 km)

Main Corridors within the Country (leading to main towns / hubs)

The main corridors are located within the Strategic Road Network, mostly in the Terai region. The east-west highway remains the main transport corridor for Nepal.

2.3.1 Nepal Mechi Land Border CrossingOverviewMechi Bridge, which is approximately 400 m, separates the border posts on either side of the Nepal-India border. This makes for vulnerable border access if the bridge is damaged during wet season and the river is high. A new bridge is under construction, and it is estimated to be completed in 3 years. Roads are good on both sides of the border. The road to Calcutta is good. India is planning to increase road carrying capacity volume by 25%. Imports from India account for 90% of the traffic at this border crossing. Customs can process up to 400 trucks a day. It is an open border for Nepali / Indian foot traffic, up to 10,000 people per day.

BORDER CROSSING LOCATION & CONTACTName of Border Crossing Mechi Customs Office (Nepal)

Pantanki Land Custom Station (India)Province or District Jhapa

Nearest Town or City Mechi (adjacent)

Bhadrapur (18km)Latitude 26.64606

Longitude 88.15772Managing Authority/Agency Intermodal Transport Management Committee

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Contact Person Nirmal Adhikari Tel.: 9851161239

Travel Times

Nearest International AirportBaghdogra, IndiaDistance: 32 kmTruck: 45 minutesCar: 30 minutes

Nearest PortCalcutta, IndiaDistance: 623 kmTruck: 15 hours (trucks must travel by night)Car: 10 hours

Nearest Major Market(Nearest location with functioning wholesale

markets, or with significant manufacturing or production

capacity.)

Silguri, IndiaDistance: 42 kmTruck: 1 hourCar: 45 minutes

Other Information

(Please provide additional details of this route if relevant,

such as information about whether there are fueling stations or weighing bridges en-route.)

The market is 10 km from Baghodra Airport. It is very large–it takes 1 hour to travel from the fringes to the centre of the market.Roads to the markets are good with fuel stations on the route.

Hours of Operation

MONDAYS Trucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00

TUESDAYS Trucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00

WEDNESDAYS Trucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00

THURSDAYS Trucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00

FRIDAYS Trucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00

SATURDAYSTrucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00Note: Closed 1st and 3rd Saturday of every month

SUNDAYSTrucks/Goods: 10:00 – 18:00Passengers: 06:00 – 22:00Note: India Border closed SundayBangladesh border closed Friday

NATIONAL HOLIDAYS:(List dates of closure and hours of operation

if different from regular schedule.)

Generally 3 days at Dashain (Nepal national festival) and up to another 7 days / year at Minister’s discretion.Note: Will open 24 / 7 for emergencies

SEASONAL CONSTRAINTS:(i.e., winter months, rainy season, etc.) None

Daily Capacity Maximum trucks: 300-400 / day Daily average: 150 – 200 trucks / day Operating hours can be extended to 06:00-22:00 for exceptionally high truck traffic if required. Average clearing time: 2½ hours / truck

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There is rarely a backlog. All trucks are cleared daily.

Customs ClearanceFor information on Nepal customs, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

Other Relevant Information Truck parking capacity: 400 trucks Warehousing space: 1,395 m2

Shade storage: 1,780 m2

Litigation house: 233 m2

There are no forklifts available. 60 mt weighbridge available (planning on upgrading to 100 mt) 90% of goods freighted traveling India to Nepal Foot traffic is mixed with vehicles on the bridge and may present logistics safety issues. The bridge (approx. 400 m) is the only access between border posts and if damaged would

present logistical problems. A new bridge is under construction with an estimated completion date of 2019.


Truck parking and shade storage

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Warehouse storage

Mechi bridge and river. New bridge under construction

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2.3.2 Nepal Rani Land Border CrossingOverview

BORDER CROSSING LOCATION & CONTACTName of Border Crossing Rani Customs Office (Nepal)

Jogbani Land Custom (India)Province or District Morang

Nearest Town or City BiratnagarLatitude 26.40306

Longitude 87.26631

Managing Authority/Agency Trans Nepal Freight Services (subcontractor to Intermodal Transport Management Committee)

Contact Person

Trans Nepal Freight Services: Ganesh Ghimire, tel. 9852032047

Nepal Customs Officers: Bharat Raj Adhikari, tel. 9841733822Rjendra Dhungana, tel. 9841203000

Travel Times

Nearest International AirportBaghdogra, IndiaDistance: 162 kmTruck: 5 hoursCar: 2 ½ hours

Nearest Port

Calcutta, IndiaDistance: 550 kmTruck: 2 days (night travel only)Car: 8 hoursTrain: 12 hours


markets, or with significant manufacturing or production

capacity.)

Siliguri, IndiaDistance: 150 kmTruck: 4 hoursCar: 2 hours

Other Information(Please provide additional details of this route if

relevant, such as information about whether there are

fueling stations or weighing bridges en-route.)

4 Lane highway to the market at SiliguriFueling stations en route

Hours of OperationMONDAYS 06:00 – 21:00TUESDAYS 06:00 – 21:00

WEDNESDAYS 06:00 – 21:00THURSDAYS 06:00 – 21:00

FRIDAYS 06:00 – 21:00SATURDAYS 06:00 – 21:00

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SUNDAYS 06:00 – 21:00Note: India border is closed.

NATIONAL HOLIDAYS(List dates of closure and hours of operation if different

from regular schedule.)Some national holidays at Minister’s discretion

SEASONAL CONSTRAINTS(i.e., winter months, rainy season, etc.)

NoneNote: will operate outside normal hours for emergencies

Daily Capacity Maximum trucks: 400 / day Daily average: 250 / day Average Clearing time: 2½ hours / truck (30 minutes minimum) There is rarely a backlog. All trucks are cleared daily. It is an open border to Nepali / Indian foot traffic. Estimated volume is 3,000 passengers / day.

Customs ClearanceFor information on Nepal customs, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

Other Relevant Information Truck parking capacity: 200 trucks Warehousing space: 30 x 40ft Container There are no forklifts available. 90% of goods traffic is from India to Nepal. Easy access to both sides of the border (no bridges or other potential hazards). There is a single lane shingle road for the first 20 km on the India side before the 4 lane highway

starts. This can lead to congestion. However, as this section of road is across a flat plain, it does not present major logistics issues in case of accidents or breakdowns as traffic may be diverted around a scene without too much trouble. India has plans to rectify this situation by extending the highway (unconfirmed).


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Border point Truck parking

2.3.3 Nepal Bhairahawa/Belhya Land Border CrossingOverviewThe Bhairahaw/Belhya, also known as Sunauli, is an Official Border Crossing point for heavy and light vehicles. Immigration is present, as is highly sophisticated CCTV which is monitored online at Kathmandu by Customs HQ. There are currently no scanning facilities, but they are planned for 2017. During the 2015 earthquake emergency response, cargo emanating from and transiting through India used the Humanitarian Staging Area (HSA) at Bharatpur. This is operational as an Inland Clearance Depot (ICD) run by Trans Nepal Freight Services Ltd.

BORDER CROSSING LOCATION & CONTACTName of Border Crossing Bhairahawa / Sunauli / Belhiya

Province or District Outer Terrai Rupandehi (Siddharthanagar)Nearest Town or City Bhairahawa

Latitude 27.48994Longitude 83.49839

Managing Authority/Agency Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance / Department of Customs

Contact Tel. 076.520030Travel Times

Nearest International AirportGautam BuddhaDistance: 3 kmTruck: 30 minutesCar: 10 minutes

Nearest PortKolkotaDistance: 910 kmTruck: Travel Time unknownCar: Travel Time unknown

Nearest Major Market(Nearest location with functioning wholesale markets,

or with significant manufacturing or production capacity.)

Bhairahawa (Nepal) / Sunauli (India)Distance: 3 kmTruck: 30 minutesCar: 10 minutes

Other Information(Please provide additional details of this route if relevant,

such as information about whether there are fueling stations or weighing bridges en-route.)

WeighbridgeIntegrated check point (ICP) with India planned

Hours of OperationMONDAYS 09:00 - 17:00TUESDAYS 09:00 - 17:00

WEDNESDAYS 09:00 - 17:00

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THURSDAYS 09:00 - 17:00FRIDAYS 09:00 - 17:00

SATURDAYS 09:00 - 12:00SUNDAYS 09:00 - 12:00

NATIONAL HOLIDAYS(List dates of closure and hours of operation if different from

regular schedule.)Customs advice open 24/7 (to be verified)

SEASONAL CONSTRAINTS(i.e., winter months, rainy season, etc.) None

Daily Capacity Up to 400 HGv per day in both directions.

Customs ClearancePlease see the Government directive regarding waiver of duty when a State of Emergency is declared. Under these circumstances, the DG will designate a specific area for clearance of aid cargo.

For information on Nepal customs, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information


2.3.4 Nepal Krishnanagar Land Border CrossingOverviewThis border crossing is on Nepal’s southern border with India across from Barhani Bazar. The movement of Indian and Nepalese nationals across the border is unrestricted; however, there is a customs checkpoint for goods. Goods bound for Dang and Arcghakhanchi cross here. Krishnanagar connects by road to the east – west Mahendra Highway. There are two routes from the border point: to Butwal and to Bhairahawa. The roads are good but single lane in places. Because of severe congestion at other border points during the fuel blockade, there has been a significant increase in traffic through this point.

BORDER CROSSING LOCATION & CONTACTName of Border Crossing Krishnanagar (Nepal)

Barhani Bazar (India)Province or District Kapilvastu

Nearest Town or City Bhairahawa Distance: 107 kmTravel Time: 2.5 hours

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Latitude 27.49389Longitude 82.79406

Managing Authority/Agency Government of Nepal / Ministry of Finance / Department of Customs

Contact

Tel.: 076-520030Fax: 076-520073Email: [email protected]@ntc.np

Travel Times

Nearest International AirportKathmandu TribhuvanDistance: 360 kmTruck: 10 hours +Car: 8.5 hours

Nearest PortKolkota, IndiaDistance: 1,020 kmTruck: 24 hours +Car: 21 hours


markets, or with significant manufacturing or

production capacity.)

N/A

Hours of OperationMONDAYS 06:00 - 22:00TUESDAYS 06:00 - 22:00

WEDNESDAYS 06:00 - 22:00THURSDAYS 06:00 - 22:00

FRIDAYS 06:00 - 22:00SATURDAYS 06:00 - 22:00

SUNDAYS 06:00 - 22:00NATIONAL HOLIDAYS

(List dates of closure and hours of operation if different from regular schedule.) N/A

SEASONAL CONSTRAINTS(i.e., winter months, rainy season, etc.) N/A

Customs ClearanceCustoms uses a sophisticated CCTV surveillance system which has a control room in the Customs office at Krishnanagar, but is monitored online by HQ in Kathmandu.

For information on Nepal customs, please see the following link: 1.3 Nepal Customs Information

Other Relevant InformationThere is no weighbridge at this border crossing.


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mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

2.4 Nepal Railway Assessment

Previously, Birgunj was the only city that connected the capital city of Kathmandu with India. Birgunj railway station was connected by the Nepal Government Railway (NGR) to Raxaul station in Bihar, India. The 47 km (29 mi) railway extended north to Amlekhganj in Nepal. It was built in 1927 by the British but discontinued beyond Birgunj in December 1965. The 6 km (3.7 mi) railway track from Raxaul to Birgunj was converted to broad gauge two years after the Indian railways converted the track to Raxaul to broad gauge. Now, a broad gauge railway line connects Raxaul to the Sirsiya (Birgunj) Inland Container Depot (ICD) that became fully operational in 2005. Talks have been held to reopen the railway route from Birgunj to Amlekhganj in Nepal by converting it to broad gauge due to its socio-economic importance. Trains run to major Indian cities from Raxaul, including the Satyagraha express to Delhi, Mithila express to Kolkata, Lokmanya Tilak express to Mumbai, and the HYD-RXL express to Hyderabad.

Railway Companies and ConsortiaThe rail transport of Nepal is managed by the state-run Nepal Railways Corporation Ltd. The railway runs from Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal. The total distance of this railway is 59 km and, while it has a limited number of cargo wagons, it mainly moves passengers over the short distance. The Nepal Railways Corporation has 38 passenger coaches, 4 diesel engines and 11 steam engines. This railway is

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of no use for the movement of humanitarian aid. There are plans to extend or add new railway lines in Nepal. The Sirsiya-Birgunj Internal Clearance Depot (SBICD) at the Dry Port in Birgunj operates the main cargo railway inlet into Nepal from India. The India Railways operates a 5.4 km railway line that extends an additional 400 m into Nepal terminating at the Dry Port. This is the main method of transport for humanitarian cargo coming from the Port of Kolkata to Birgunj Dry Port directly.

While Nepal’s railway is very limited in size and use, the Indian Railway system is relied upon by Nepal for the transport of goods to the Dry Port and main trading cities within India. Indian Railways is managed by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. Its system is one of the largest and busiest networks in the world transporting over 18 million passengers and more than 2 million tons of cargo each day. Indian Railways is the largest utility employer in the world with more than 1.4 million employees and has 6,909 stations covering more than 63,000 km of rail. Their rolling stock is comprised of 200,000 freight wagons, 50,000 coaches and 8,000 locomotives. Indian Railways manufactures some of their own rolling stock. As mentioned, Nepal relies on the Indian Railways network to transport a considerable amount of their imported goods to either the Dry Port in Birgunj or to staging points for road transport into Nepal.

Capacity TableRail Operator Capacity

Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal (Nepal Railway Overview)

Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal (India Railway Overview)

Operates on (lines) Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, NepalMax train length and / or pulling capacity N/A N/A

Locomotives (electric / diesel / steam)

4 diesel, 11 steam engines (38 passenger coaches) 8,000 (50,000 passenger coaches)

Freight Wagons (covered) / size 11 freight wagons 200,000

Freight Wagons (flat bed) / size N/A N/A

Freight Wagons (high-sided) / size N/A N/A

Freight Wagons (drop-side) / size N/A N/A

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Key Route InformationStandard Route Information

Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal (Nepal Railway Overview)

Jaynagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal (India Railway Overview)

Track gauge 59 km of 762 mm (2 ft 6 in) gauge, narrow gauge 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) gauge

Ruling gradient N/A N/ATotal track distance (single and / or double)

59 km, Janakpur Railway: Jainagar, India to Bijalpura, Nepal 63,140 km

Type of rail (weight and if welded or not) N/A N/A

Type of sleeper and fastenings N/A N/A

Total track travel time N/A N/AMaintenance (Good, marginal, bad) N/A N/A

Companies-consortiums operating on line N/A N/A

Traffic frequency (monthly / weekly / daily) N/A N/A

Security (Good, marginal, bad) N/A N/A

Main stations (Add details below) N/A N/A

2.5 Nepal Waterways Assessment

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There are no navigable waterways in Nepal, and Nepal does not have any river or lake ports. The only practical seaport for goods bound for Nepal is Kolkata, India.

2.6 Nepal Storage AssessmentWhile Nepal has an abundance of low volume storage for the commercial sector, large-scale warehousing for the humanitarian community is more difficult to locate. Except for the Nepal Red Cross Society, virtually no other NGOs have warehousing facilities of any significance. The Nepal Food Corporation appears to be the largest provider of warehousing but availability of their facilities is linked to the harvest schedules. Similarly in 2015, WFP, in coordination with Ministry of Home Affairs and UK Aid established a Humanitarian Staging Area, a transit storage point for humanitarian relief materials, next to Tribhuvan International Airport cargo complex in Kathmandu. It has the capacity to store approximately 9,600 m3 of commodities.

For information on Nepal storage contact details, please see the following link: 4.6 Nepal Storage and Milling Companies Contact List

For more details on Nepal storage, please see the following attachments:

Nepal Food Corporation Existing and Repareable Godowns Jul 2009

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Nepalgunj Area warehouses

Commercial StorageThe primary provider of commercial storage is the Nepal Food Corporation. They reportedly have a total of 167 warehouses spread across all fourteen zones although that number has not been confirmed. While the Nepal Food Corporation is considered a governmental entity, it is the main provider of commercial warehouse space for private businesses and humanitarian organizations.

Location Owner Available for Rent

Capacitymt / m² /

m³Type [1] Access [2] Condition

[3]

Mechi Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 11,880 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Koshi Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 11,880 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Sagarmatha Zone

Nepal Food Corporation Yes 6,800 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Janakpur Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 3,400 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Narayani Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 10,450 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Bagamati Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 20,650 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Lumbini Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 4,500 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Gandaki Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 2,500 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Dhawalgiri Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 150 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Rapti Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 3,150 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Karnali Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 1,400 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Bheri Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 10,950 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Seti Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 9,030 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Mahakali Zone Nepal Food Corporation Yes 2,750 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

[1] Warehouse Type: Open storage, container, rub-hall, silo, concrete, other, unspecified[2] Warehouse Access: Raised-siding, flat[3] Warehouse condition: Appears intact, appears damaged, under construction/repair

Storage Used by Humanitarian OrganizationsThe Nepal Red Cross Society (NRCS) is the only humanitarian organization that has its own storage. All other NGOs use commercial warehouses as needed.

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Location Organisation Sharing possibility

Capacitymt / m² / m³ Type [1] Access [2] Condition

[3]Kathmandu NRCS Yes 450 mt Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified

Kaski NRCS Yes Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified UnspecifiedKaski NRCS Yes 647 m3 Concrete Unspecified Unspecified

Morang, Biratnagar NRCS Yes Unspecified Concrete structure

& Rubbhall Unspecified Unspecified

[1] Warehouse Type: Open storage, container, rub-hall, silo, concrete, other, unspecified[2] Warehouse Access: Raised-siding, flat[3] Warehouse condition: Appears intact, appears damaged, under construction/repair

Public Sector StorageNo public sector storage, other than the Nepal Food Corporation, has been identified in Nepal. While the Nepal Food Corporation is considered a government entity, it is the main provider of commercial warehouse space for private businesses and humanitarian organizations (see above).

Cold ChainCurrently WHO and UNICEF do not have cold chain storage facilities in Nepal, however, the Ministry of Health (MOH) has a cold chain network throughout the country. There are five regional cold chains, one central storage facility and two sub cold chain stores. At the district level, public health offices have small cold chain storage facilities and they provide service to the community. The Department of Logistics Management under the MOH manages the issues related to cold chains.

Location Organisation / Owner Type Cooling Power Quantity Total

Capacity Condition

Hetuda MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 3,882 Good

Pokhara MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 3,882 Good

Butwal MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 5,702 Good

Pathlaiya (Birgunj) MOH Walk-in

cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 5,702 Good

Biratnagar MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 8,830 Good

Dhangadhi MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 9,584 Good

Dhangadhi MOH Walk-in cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 10,502 Good

Total walk-in coolers N/A Walk-in

freezer-15-20C,

compression 1 16,560 Good

Teku (Kathmandu) MOH Walk-in

cooler +2-8C, comp. 1 30,455 Good

2.7 Nepal Milling Assessment61 | P a g e

The major agriculture production area of Nepal is located in the Terai, or lowlands (the narrow strip of land bordering India). Because of this, most of the country’s mills and processing facilities are also located in this region. There are limited numbers of mills outside of this region, however. Nepal has over 200 commercial mills, collectively having a wide range of output capacity. Some mills have a capacity of up to 200 – 400 mt per day. The most common products processed by the mills are wheat, rice, pulses and vegetable oil. There are a number of large-scale mills that are familiar with the standards and specifications of specialized blended foods typically used by the humanitarian community. The four major mills and processing facilities used and recommended by WFP are listed below. A partial listing of other mills both small and large from across Nepal is also provided. The national milling association, the Nepal Flour Mills Association, is located in Kathmandu.

For information on Nepal Milling contact details, please see the following link:

4.6 Nepal Storage and Milling Companies Contact List

Milling Company: Nutri Foods (P) Ltd.Company Name & Address Contact Names & Email Telephone & FaxNutri Foods (P) Ltd.Satghumti Road Biratnagar, Nepal

Name: Pradeep Sahrda Tel: +977-01-4229800Fax: +977-21-526687

FacilitiesParking area inside compound m² Adequate space availableDrainage(Good / Fair / Poor / Non Existent) Good

Fire Fighting Equipment YesNumber of Ventilators 10 ScreenedElectricity Load (KVA) Unspecified

Backup Generator (Yes / No / KVA)

Yes

Super NovaKVA - 640

Milling EquipmentOrigin of

Machinery Year of Mfg Year of Installation Condition

India 2005 2005 GoodMaintenance

Duration (hours / week)

All maintenance is performed on all equipment on a regular basis to ensure the highest standards of operation

Type of maintenance N/A

Other Equipment or Machinery InstalledType of Equipment Yes/No Number Owned CommentsFortification Feeder Yes 1 No N/A

Bag Cleaning Plant N/A 0 N/A N/AMoisture Tester Yes 1 No N/ADe-stoning Plant Yes 1 No N/AMetal Extractor Yes 1 No N/A

StaffingNumber of full time skilled workers 10 operatorsNumber of full time labourers 25 at full capacity

Weighbridge

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Number This facility does not have a standard weighbridge but uses a 300 kg scale.

Capacity (mt)

Length (m) Type

Within Compound N/A N/A N/AWithin Compound N/A N/A N/A

BuildingLength (m) Width (m) Height (m)

Building – Mill 33 m 11 m 7 mBuilding – Storage 100 m 36 m Unspecified

Walls ConcreteRoof SteelFloor Concrete

Conditions & CleanlinessOutside Inside

Cracks in walls or roof N/A N/ASigns of rodent activity N/A N/ASigns of birds entry N/A N/ADamaged gutters/drains N/A N/ASigns of moisture N/A N/AAdjacent Vegetation No NoCleanliness (Good / Poor) Good Good

Pest Control

Fumigation Yes Frequency every 4 monthsContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Spraying Yes Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Rodenticides Yes Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Rodent Trapping Yes Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

SecuritySecurity (Good / Poor) GoodCompound (Fenced / Not Fenced) N/A

Other Comments N/AAccess

Distance from main town (km) 20 minutesTravel time if not located in town (hours) N/ARoad condition to Mill GoodRoad limitation (if any)Maximum Width and Max. Tonnage None

Rail connections (Yes / No) NoMilling Capacity

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Commodities Daily Capacity (mt) Monthly Activity (mt)Wheat Soy Blend (WSB) 36 mt / day N/A

Corn Soy Blend (CSB) 36 mt / day N/AStorage Capacity

Storage in Metric Tons Wheat – Covered (mt) Flour – Covered (mt)Within the Compound 300 mt covered N/AOutside the Compound N/A N/ACapacity to BlendThis facility is able to mill all grains and fortify with vitamins and minerals, adding salt and sugar.Loading & Discharge RatesThe loading/discharge/delivery rates are based on the negotiated rates at time of contract signing.Transport Capacity at MillNutri Foods has the truck fleet to move product from this facility and the delivery charges can be negotiated into the contract with the loading/unloading/milling rates.

Milling Company: Bohra IndustriesCompany Name & Address Contact Names & Email TelephoneBohra IndustriesBiratnagar, Nepal Name: Vinash Bohra +977-01-4266861

FacilitiesParking area inside compound m² Adequate space availableDrainage(Good / Fair / Poor / Non Existent) Good

Fire Fighting Equipment (Yes / No) NoNumber of Ventilators N/A ScreenedElectricity Load (KVA) N/ABackup Generator (Yes / No / KVA) N/A - Steam turbine KVA

Milling EquipmentOrigin of Machinery Year of Mfg Year of Installation Condition

India 2008 2008 GoodOther Equipment or Machinery Installed

Type of Equipment Yes/No Number Owned CommentsFortification Feeder N/A N/A N/A N/ABag Cleaning Plant N/A N/A N/A N/AMoisture Tester Yes 1 No N/ADe-stoning Plant Yes 1 No N/AMetal Extractor Yes 1 No N/A

StaffingNumber of full time skilled workers 4 operators

Number of full time labourers 45 normally, 50-60 at full capacity

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Weighbridge

Number This facility does not have a standard weighbridge. Capacity (mt) Length

(m) Type

Within Compound N/A N/A N/AWithin Compound N/A N/A N/A

BuildingLength (m) Width (m) Height (m)

Building – Wheat Mill 19 m 15 m 14 mBuilding – Maize Mill N/A N/A N/AWalls ConcreteRoof SteelFloor Concrete

Conditions & CleanlinessOutside Inside

Cracks in walls or roof N/A N/ASigns of rodent activity N/A N/ASigns of birds entry N/A N/ADamaged gutters/drains N/A N/ASigns of moisture N/A N/AAdjacent Vegetation No NoCleanliness Fair Fair

Pest Control

Fumigation Visited regularly Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Spraying Visited regularly Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Rodenticides Visited regularly Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

Rodent Trapping Visited regularly Frequency N/AContracted

(Yes / No)N/A

SecuritySecurity (Good / Poor) GoodCompound (Fenced / Not Fenced) Fenced

Other Comments N/AAccess

Distance from main town (km) Located in the cityTravel time if not located in town (hours) N/ARoad condition to Mill GoodRoad limitation (if any)Maximum Width and Max. Tonnage No Limit

Rail connections (Yes / No) NoMilling Capacity

Commodities Daily Capacity (mt) Monthly Activity (mt)

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Rice 5 mt / hr @ 22 hr / day 5 mt / hr @ 22 hr / dayStorage Capacity

Storage in Metric Tons Rice – Covered (mt) Flour – Covered (mt)

Within the Compound10,000 mt - 5 buildings for raw materials 16 m x 38 m x 6

m 2 buildings for finished product 18 m x 15 m x 7 m

N/A

Outside the Compound N/A N/ACapacity to BlendThis facility is able to mill rice only with no capacity to blend.Loading & Discharge RatesThe loading / discharge rates are based on the negotiated rates at time of contract signing. Loading rate has been set at 30 Rs / mt.Transport Capacity at MillBohra Industries has a truck fleet to move product from this facility on a standby basis or the customer can rely on commercial carriers to arrange transport.

3 Nepal Logistics ServicesFood in Nepal is mainly managed by Nepal Food Corporation (NFC), the governmental body that is responsible for supply of food materials and for the supply for food commodities to the remote and food crisis prone areas. NFC has its warehouses in most parts of the country. It works in collaboration with private sectors and non-governmental agencies as well.

Medical services are handled by both private and government sectors. There are regional and zonal hospitals in all the 14 zones of the country. Presently a number of private hospitals and nursing homes are providing services in the country. In services related to emergency support and rescue, different divisions of the security forces are the first responders. The development of supply and services are seen mostly in and around Kathmandu, but in recent days development is seen in other geographical areas as well. Effective management and quality control is one issue that needs to be addressed in the present days.

3.1 Nepal FuelNepal Oil Corporation (NOC) is the sole importer of fuels in Nepal. It is a government owned agency for all Nepal and was established on 1970. It imports, stores and distributes all kinds of fuel in Nepal. Being a landlocked country, all fuel products in Nepal are imported via India under the special agreement with Indian Oil Corporation (IOC). The Government of Nepal owns 98.36% of NOC with the balance shared by four other state-owned enterprises, those being Rastriya Beema Sanssthan, National Trading Ltd., Nepal Bank Ltd. and Rastriya Banijya Bank. NOC has 5 regional offices with fuel depots in Nepal: Dhangadi, Nepalgunj, Bhairahawa, Birgunj and Biratnagar. The total storage capacity throughout Nepal is 71,558 kilolitres. NOC then distributes its petroleum products to various government or privately owned companies to be distributed to consumers. Approximately, 70% of its fuel storage is consumed by the central region of Nepal.

For information on Nepal fuel contact details, please see the following links:

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Nepal Oil Corporation

Information may also be found at the following links, which are updated monthly:

My Travel Cost

Selling Price Archive

Fuel PricingFuel prices in Nepal are determined primarily on the purchase price of fuel from the Indian Oil Corporation and are set by the Board of Directors of NOC. The Government of Nepal does not provide any price subsidies for fuel. The price of fuel includes a 13 percent VAT as of July 2016.

Fuel Prices as of: 5 July 2016(local currency and US$)

Petrol (per litre) 99.00 / 0.925Diesel (per litre) 75.00 / 0.925

Paraffin (per litre) 75.00 / 0.700Jet A1 99.00 (Duty Paid) / 889per KL (Bonded)LP Gas 1,400.00 / 13.084

Seasonal Variations Nepal is a landlocked country and because of its geographical structure, has fuel shortages very often. Mostly, landslides and floods every monsoon season block the highways that reach many depots or distributors. Also, frequent political instability influences fuel shortages in Nepal.

Seasonal VariationsAre there national priorities in the availability of fuel, e.g. are there restrictions or priorities for the provision of fuel such as to the military? (Yes / No)

Yes

Is there a rationing system? (Yes / No) YesIs fuel to lower income/vulnerable groups subsidized? (Yes / No) NoCan the local industry expand fuel supply to meet humanitarian needs? (Yes / No) N/A

Is it possible for a humanitarian organization to contract directly a reputable supplier/distributor to provide its fuel needs? (Yes / No)

UN Agencies and other organizations maintain buffer

stocks.

Fuel TransportationFuel products are supplied to NOC-approved distributors upon request. All aviation fuel (Jet A-1) is distributed and sold directly by NOC in order to adhere to stringent quality control measures. Approximately 70% of all petroleum products are consumed in the Central Region of Nepal. NOC uses

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http://www.nepaloil.com.np/selling-price-archive-16.html

http://www.mytravelcost.com/Nepal/gas-prices/

http://www.nepaloil.com.np/

over 1,100 tanker trucks to transport and distribute their products. The Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC) imports all of its fuel requirements from the Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) through a long-term agreement. It is reported that IOC has approximately 55% of the Indian fuel market share and owns 10 of India’s 19 refineries. Fuel is transported into Nepal by road through up to six major points of entry with 60% of the total going through Birgunj. There are plans to construct a pipeline from the IOC depot in Raxual, India to the NOC depot in Amlekhgunj but no start date has been set. The regional fuel supply demand is purchased from IOC depots, terminals and refineries located near the border with Nepal. The transportation infrastructure and fleet are sufficient to handle current domestic needs as well as increased demand from the humanitarian community.

Standards, Quality and TestingNOC has a Quality and Pollution Control Department equipped with facilities for testing the quality standards of its petroleum products. Laboratory testing is regularly carried out and quality norms are strictly enforced. All incoming products as well as delivered fuel to the distributors are fully tested. As an example, two samples of each delivery transported to distributors are taken. One is kept with the distributor and the second is held by NOC Quality Control. Spot surprise checks are made on the distributor to ensure there is no alteration of product. Kathmandu has a significant level of air pollution, mainly caused by vehicles. To safeguard the health of the population, especially that of children, NOC has already made arrangements to supply unleaded petrol in Nepal.

Industry Control MeasuresTanks with adequate protection against water mixing with the fuel (Yes / No) Yes

Filters in the system, monitors where fuel is loaded into aircraft (Yes / No) YesAdequate epoxy coating of tanks on trucks (Yes / No) YesPresence of suitable fire fighting equipment (Yes / No) Yes

Standards AuthorityIs there a national or regional standards authority? (Yes / No) Yes

If yes, please identify the appropriate national and/or regional authority. National: NOCRegional: IOC

If yes, are the standards adequate/properly enforced? (Yes / No) AdequateTesting Laboratories

Are there national testing laboratories? (Yes / No) YesFuel Quality Testing Laboratory

Company NOCName NOCAddress Babarmahal, KathmanduTelephone and Fax 977 1 4262780

Disclaimer: Inclusion of company information in the LCA does not imply any business relationship between the supplier and WFP / Logistics Cluster, and is used solely as a determinant of services, and capacities.

Please note: WFP / Logistics Cluster maintain complete impartiality and are not in a position to endorse, comment on any company's suitability as a reputable service provider.

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3.2 Nepal Transporters Various vehicles (10 mt to 33 mt tonnage capacity) are used in Nepal as the means of heavy transport. The current estimate of the number of trucks in Nepal is approximately 26,000. While most of the truck transport companies have low numbers of trucks, there are some companies with larger fleets. The Nepal Truck Owners Association is active and, according to reports, plays a role setting transport rates.

Because truck transport is the main method of transport in Nepal for all goods, there is a good support infrastructure in place for the servicing and repair of trucks. Spare parts are readily available. The supply of trucks to meet the national transport demands is adequate.

For information on Nepal transport company contact details, please see the following link:

4.8 Nepal Transporter Contact List

For more information on transport associations and rates in Nepal, please see the following attachments:

List of Transport Associations

Transport Contract Prices to Main Destinations

Vehicle Hire Rates

Himalayan Transport Company P. Ltd. Transport Capacity SummaryRegions Covered Central Region

Number ofVehicles

Capacity perVehicle (mt) Comments / Condition of Vehicles

Truck 3 Up to 11 mt N/ATruck 5 Up to 25 mt N/A

Total Capacity 8Omkar Carriers Transport Capacity Summary

Regions Covered Mid-West RegionNumber ofVehicles


Truck 6 Up to 11 mt N/ATruck 2 Up to 25 mt N/A

Total Capacity 8Nepal Shipping & Air Logistics Pvt. Ltd. Transport Capacity Summary

Regions Covered Central RegionNumber ofVehicles


Truck 15 Up to 11 mt N/ATruck 25 Up to 25 mt N/ATruck 5 Up to 25 mt N/A

Total Capacity 45

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3.3 Nepal Manual Labor Costs The Nepal Labour Act 2048 (1992) protects Nepal labour. Due to geographical reasons, Nepal has a great number of manual labour (including national and migrant labour) which has been supporting the economic growth of the country.

Labour Rate(s) OverviewCost

(Local Currency & US$) Rate as of Year/Month

Daily General Worker (Unskilled casual labour) 400.00 / 3.719 Rate as of 01 SeptemberDaily General Worker (Semi-skilled labour) N/A N/A

Skilled Worker 600.00 / 5.579 Rate as of 01 September

For more information on manual labour rates in Nepal, please see the following links / attachments:

District Rate Analysis--Nepali

Government of Nepal Manual Labour Rates Western Region

Labour Cost in Central Region--Nepali

IOM Nepal Labor Market Update 2014

Manual Labour Costs

Nepal Manual Labour Costs

Nepal Trade Union Congress

3.4 Nepal TelecommunicationsEfforts to expand the Information and communications technology (ICT) and telecom sector in Nepal have met with many challenges. Nepal’s mountainous topography has made it extremely difficult to develop its telecommunications infrastructure. Furthermore, Nepal had been struggling under an adverse economic situation caused largely by political instability. The devastating earthquake in April 2015 also took its toll on the telecom network. Despite all the energy in the exposition of ICT sector, telecommunication penetration is relatively lower than world standard. There is still a significant disparity between the high

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http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-kathmandu/documents/publication/wcms_322446.pdf

http://dol.gov.np/ckeditor/kcfinder/upload/files/labor-act-english-2048.pdf

coverage levels in the cities and the low coverage in the rural regions. Nepal telecommunications figures include:

3.1 fixed-telephone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 83.23% mobile-cellular subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 0.8 fixed broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 13 HHs mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants Access to computers: 7.8% Internet access at home 4.9 % Individuals using the Internet 13.3 % (ITU, 20

Nepal Telecom has a 46% share in the telecommunications market. Similarly, Ncell owns another 46% share; Smart Telecom has 5%; United Telecom 2%; and Nepal Satellite has 1%.

For more information, please see the following link / attachment:

Nepal Telecoms–Mobile and Internet

ISPs, VHF, and Internet Coverage

For more information on Nepal telecoms company contact details, please see the following link: 4.11 Nepal Additional Services Contact List

Telephone ServicesIs there an existing landline telephone network? Yes

Does it allow international calls? YesOn average, number and length of downtime periods N/A

Mobile phone providers (List) Please refer to 4.11 Nepal Additional Services Contact ListEstimated availability and coverage(Approximate percentage of national coverage)

Overall tele-density of Nepal is 93.2% with 33.15% of the internet penetration (ITU, 2015).

Telecommunications RegulationsRegulations

Regulations on usage or import of: Yes / No Regulating AuthoritySatellite Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityHF Radio Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityUHF/VHF/HF radio: handheld, base and mobile Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityUHF/VHF repeaters Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityGPS Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityVSAT Yes Nepal Telecommunications AuthorityIndividual Network Operator Licenses RequiredYesFrequency Licenses RequiredYes

Existing Humanitarian Telecoms Systems71 | P a g e

https://www.ntc.net.np/

http://www.budde.com.au/Research/Nepal-Telecoms-Mobile-and-Internet.html

https://www.ncell.com.np/

Some humanitarian agencies in Nepal have installed telecoms systems for their operational purposes as well as for safety and security of their staff. Some of the agencies that have their own telecommunications systems are: United Nations, Nepal Red Cross Society, Security Forces, Asian Development Bank, and others. The most common telecom equipment used are VHF and HF radios, Satellite Phones, Broadband Global Area Networks, VSATs, etc.

The UN agencies operate on a telecom systems under the same umbrella managed by UNDSS. A common Radio Room is manned 24/7 by radio operators from UNDSS in Kathmandu. Similarly, there are UNDSS Radio Rooms in different regions, including Nepalgunj, Dhangadhi, Bharatpur and Damak. These are operational during daytime.

A VHF network is established across the country along the East-West highway. However, for travel in the hilly and mountainous regions, staff have to rely on satellite phones. Thuraya satellite phones are mostly in use. Additionally, the mission vehicles are equipped with GSM or satellite tracking systems, HF and VHF mobile radios for communications.

For more information on humanitarian telecoms systems in Nepal, please see the following attachment: Existing UN Telecommunication Systems Map

3.5 Nepal Food and Additional SuppliersMost of the Nepali population consumes rice, wheat, maize, millet, potatoes, pulses, fruits, and vegetables. Nepal has been heavily affected by the increase in food prices. The year 2008 was a year marked by unprecedented food price increases across the country. This trend largely correlated with regional and global price hikes associated with the ‘global food crisis’ and occurred despite relatively strong harvests. At the beginning of 2008, due to a number of prevailing market factors, Nepal was particularly vulnerable to the global food crisis. Factors included: stagnating agricultural production with heavy reliance on seasonal rainfall, heavy reliance on food and oil imports, poor transportation infrastructure and a high percentage of average household income (60%) spent on food. The rapid price increase of staple foods had a significant impact on the purchasing power on many, especially the poor. High food prices have continued since 2008 up to the present. Nepal continues to rely more and more on food imports. Nepal has many producers of food however the increasing price of it makes it difficult to obtain for many.

Generic country information can be located from sources which are regularly maintained and reflect current facts and figures. For a general overview of country data related to the service and supply sectors, please consult to following source: The Observatory of Economic Complexity–MIT (OEC)

For more information, please see the following attachments:

Bagmati Suppliers

Market Places in Nepal

For information on Nepal supplier contact details, please see the following link: 4.10 Nepal Supplier Contact List


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http://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/npl/


4 Nepal Contact ListsIn the following subsections the contact details for Nepal will be presented.

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