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1
NCEP Update: Focus on Winter
“Where America’s Climate, Weather and Ocean Services Begin”
Louis W. UccelliniDirector, NCEP
Northeast Regional Operational WorkshopAlbany, New YorkNovember 1, 2005
2
Outline• NWS “Seamless Suite”• Some recent advancements
– Seasonal – Medium Range– Day 4-7 NDFD
• Day 1-3 Winter Weather Desk– SREF Support
• Other update items– Space Environment Center– Computer– WRF– Building
3
CFS 2x/day
CDC 6-10 Day Forecast Upgrade
HPC-NDFD, Days 4 -7
HPC Winter Weather Desk Days 1-3
WRF/SREF
NAEFS
Week 2 Hazards Assessment
The NCEP coupled Climate Forecast System (implemented August 24, 2004)
Atmospheric component• Global Forecast System 2003 (GFS03)
• T62 in horizontal; 64 layers in vertical
Oceanic component• GFDL MOM3 (Pacanowski and Griffies, 1998)
• Once per day coupling
• Sea ice extent based on observed climatology
• 60 runs per month used for a 9 month ensemble prediction
Model now run twice per day
5
Without skill mask
CFS SeasonalPrecip Forecast
(mm/month)
6
With skill mask
• If anomaly correlation between forecast and observed conditions over the 1982-2003 period is below 0.3, values are not shown
CFS SeasonalPrecip Forecast
(mm/month)
7
Without skill mask
CFS SeasonalTemp Forecast
(deg/month)
8
With skill mask
• If anomaly correlation between forecast and observed conditions over the 1982-2003 period is below 0.3, values are not shown
CFS SeasonalTemp Forecast
(deg/month)
9
CPC Winter Season Forecast
2005-06
10
North American Ensemble Forecast System
• Combines global ensemble forecasts from Canada & USA– Now: CAN – 16/day out to 10 days, US – 40/day out to 16 days– ’06 – CAN 40/day out to 16 days, US – 56/day out to 16 days– ’07 – CAN 40/day out to 16 days, US – 80/day out to 16 days
• Generates products for– Intermediate users: weather forecasters at NCEP Service Centers and WFOs– Specialized users: hydrologic applications in all three countries– End users: forecasts for public distribution in US, Canada
(MSC) and Mexico (NMSM)
• Future activities– Adding products (probabilistic in nature)– Incorporating ensemble data from other centers (e.g., FNMOC)– Unified evaluation/verification procedures
International project to produce operational multi-center ensemble products
11
NAEFS Products
• NAEFS basic product list– 11 functionalities
• Ensemble mean, spread, probabilities, etc
– 50 variables
• U,v,t,z,CAPE, precip type, etc.
– 7 domains
• Global, NH, NA, CONUS, SA Carib., Africa
• 300-400 products requested by users (will be supplied via priority order)– Graphics
• NAWIPS (March 06)
• NCEP Model Web Page – as early as March 2006 on experimental basis
– Grids
• NAWIPS
• ftp site (GRIB2) in planning phase (Mar 06)
• NDGD in planning phase (Mar 06)
• Still working availability issues - first priority: “intermediate” users
12
ENSEMBLE 10-, 50- (MEDIAN) & 90-PERCENTILE FORECAST VALUES (BLACK CONTOURS) AND CORRESPONDING CLIMATE PERCENTILES (SHADES OF COLOR)
90 percentile
10 percentile
50 percentile
13
8-14 day Outlook
6-10 day Outlook
Hazards Assessment
Outlooks for period of rainfall fromremnants of Tropical StormTammy
14
6-10 day forecast valid Oct 30 – Nov 3, 2005
Temperature Precipitation
Temperature Precipitation
8-14 day forecast valid Oct 29 – Nov 4, 2005
15
4-7 Day HPC Gridded Forecast
• The following grids are being generated daily
• Experimental grids can be viewed here– http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/5km_gridsbody.html
• Production Methodology documentation– http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/5km_grids/medr_5km_methodology.pdf
• All grids extend offshore to cover the coastal waters• Verification program underway
– Maximum temperature
– Minimum temperature
– 12 hour PoP
– 6 hourly dew point
– 6 hourly wind (direction and speed)
– 6 hourly cloud cover
– 12 hourly weather
16
HPC/NDFD Highlights
• For decades HPC provided day 3 - 7 guidance– Max Temp, Min Temp, 24
hr (later 12 hr) Pop, surface progs
• Spring 2004 - HPC asked to provide forecasts for additional fields including dew point, sky cover, wind direction and speed, and precipitation type
• HPC requested to deliver these forecasts as 5 km grids
• HPC began providing these fields in June 2004.
17
Methodology• HPC has 2 forecasters/shift preparing day 4 – 7 forecasts (one shift/day)
– One prepares surface progs and writes the narrative– Second prepares the max/min temperatures and PoPs
• HPC uses N-AWIPS to generate forecasts– Forecasters start with MOS max/min temps and MOS12 hr PoPs– Forecasters can edit 384 stations; usually edit ~ 20 - 25% of stations for a
particular forecast– Usually focus on areas they expect MOS to be deficient due to synoptic
scale considerations• Additional fields increased the number of grids from 16 to 102
– No additional forecasters made available – Only solution was to generate additional fields automatically
• Basic philosophy is to generate a set of grids consistent with the manually generated forecasts (H, L, Fronts)– Each additional field is generated from a manually prepared HPC product– Currently, these additional fields are not touched by a forecaster
18
Grid Production
• Max/min temperature grids are produced by interpolation of manually prepared point forecasts to a grid with Prism climatology as a background
• PoP grids are interpolated from HPC modified stations• Dew points use the HPC temperature forecasts and MOS
ensemble with Prism climatology as a background• Cloud cover is based on HPC PoPs and max temps• Winds are based on HPC surface progs• Precipitation type is based on HPC max/min temperature
forecasts and on PoPs (for aerial coverage)• WFOs provide input between “preliminary” and “final” product
release through 12Planet
19
Verification Results
• In general, HPC point forecasts are as good as or better than MOS and NDFD
• HPC winds are poorest of all HPC grids
• These results have been consistent from month to month
20
How HPC adds value to Day 4 - 7
• HPC shows 5 – 10% improvement over MOS
– Is this a good use of resources?
21
How HPC adds Value to Day 4 – 7 (Cont.)
• A “Big win” or “Big loss” occurs when HPC beats or looses to MOS by > 10 degrees.
• In those cases, HPC is better than MOS ~ 80 percent of the time (sample size ~ 35 - 40)
0102030405060708090
100
ALL CASES TOP 10 EACHCATEGORY
MINMAXPOP
HPC BIG WIN VS BIG LOSS
PERCENTAGES COMPARED TO GFS MOS 2004
% o
f ti
me
22
4-7 Day Gridded Products
4 day validNov 1
Maximum Temperature
5 day valid Nov 2
6 day valid Nov 3
7 day valid Nov 4
23
4-7 Day Gridded Products
4 day validNov 1
Minimum Temperature
5 day valid Nov 2
6 day valid Nov 3
7 day valid Nov 4
24
Issues
• Time of release of forecasts
– Some WFOs want HPC to issued grids earlier
• HPC starts with MOS rather than previous forecast
– Field prefers less “flip-flopping”
• How involved do forecasters need to be?
– Are post-processed grids good enough?
• Should HPC provide probabilistic info?
– QPF – exceedance values
– Day 4 – 7 – ranges in addition to “best guess”
• How is collaborative approach sustained?
25
• Continued improvement of methodology
– Better algorithms for post processed fields
• Faster processing of grids for earlier delivery
– Better hardware
– Optimize processing
• Expand coverage to OCONUS
• Explore other ways of creating sensible weather grids
– Greater use of ensembles to create grids from selected blend (NAEFS)
– Forecasters focus on model selection and modification
Future Plans
26
Winter Weather
Goals of 4 year experiment from 2001- 2004: Improve Winter Weather Services to the public through
coordination of the winter weather watches/warnings with National guidance products
Test short range ensemble for their applications to winter weather forecasting
Motivation: Jan 24-25, 2000; December 30, 2000: March 4-6, 2001
WWD “operational” September 15, 2004
NWS Winter Weather Desk
27
Regional Stats
ER WWE1 (01-02’)
WWE2 (02-03’)
WWE3 (03-04’)
WWD (04-05’)
# WFOs 8 23 23 ALL
POD .89 .90 .92 .92
FAR .33 .30 .32 .30
CSI .62 .65 M .66
LT–Warn 13 15 18 21
To date NWS FY05 LT is 18h, 3h greater than GPRA goal of 15h
CR WWE2 (02-03’)
WWE3 (03-04’)
WWD* (04-05’)
# WFOs 8 33 ALL
POD .90 .88 .92
FAR .40 .45 .32
CSI .57 .51 .65
LT–Warn 13 13 17
WR NonWWE3 (03-04’)
WWE3 (03-04’)
WWD* (04-05’)
# WFOs 12 10 ALL
POD .86 .88 .88
FAR .26 .27 .30
CSI .66 .67 .64
LT–Warn 12 14 16
SR NonWWE3 (03-04’)
WWE3 (03-04’)
WWD (04-05’)
# WFOs 4 11 ALL
POD .84 .92 .90
FAR .37 .38 .39
CSI .57 .59 .57
LT–Warn 5 9 9
* Oct - Mar
28
February 28th 2005 Event
29
February 28, 2005 Event
48 hr prob of >4” 24 hr prob of >4”
24 hr storm track
24 hr snowfall
30
31
Winter Weather Desk Status
Time line: Sep 15 – April 1 Participants
NCEP HPC Provide SREF based Winter Wx guidance Collaborate with WFOs (Chat Room Technology)
WFOs All CONUS WFOs Use guidance from NCEP to produce coordinated Winter Storm Watches/Warnings
Products: http://www.hpc.ncep.noaa.gov/wwd/winter_wx.shtml 24 h probability (low, moderate, high) of meeting/exceeding 4”, 8”, 12”
snow, 0.25” freezing rain (for day 1, 2, 3) 72h Low tracks graphic and discussion
32
Winter Weather Desk Status (cont.)
• Off to a good start• Began operational status 00Z Sept 15• Three significant event so far: all verified exceptionally well for
snowfall amount and watch/warning criteria – Ern MT into the Dakotas (Oct 4-5)
• Collaboration conducted with FGF, BYZ, GGW, BIS, UNR
– Front Range Event (Oct 9-10)• Collaboration conducted with CYS and PUB
– Northeast Event (Oct 24-25)• Collaboration conducted with RLX, OKX, PHL, LWX
• Early challenges– Staffing WWD during active tropical season !– Training HPC staff (vets and newbies) and WFOs
33
Day 2 Probability of Snow
Valid 12Z Oct 10 – 12Z Oct 11
> 8 in > 12 in
34
Short Range Ensemble Forecast
15 members twice per day 87 hrs from 9 and 21Z Resolution 32km/60 levels Mean and spread charts
available for forecaster use Developing products on probability of snow and ice
accumulation http://wwwt.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/SREF/SREF.html
0.01” snow
35
SREF Upgrades
FY2005• Improved and new products (Convective, Aviation, Winter Weather)
• Output SREF forecasts for Alaska and Hawaii
• Add RSM BUFR files
• Common WRF post-processor
FY2006• Add six members twice per day (WRF ARW & WRF NMM)
• Run SREF 4 times per day (03, 09, 15 and 21 UTC)
• Implement Grid Based Bias Correction
• Improve Probabilistic FVS verification
• Develop spread information for NDGD
• Add WRF BUFR Files
• Implement ensemble mean BUFR files
36
New Impact Graphics from SREF
• Probability event will last more than 12, 24, 48 hrs • Probability visibility will be reduced to 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8
mile in winter precip• Probability winter precip rate will be more than 1, 2, or
3" per hr • Probability road sensor will detect winter precip
(relative to normal) • Probability Blizzard Criteria will be met • Probability Freezing Rain .01" or more will accumulate
on any surface • Probability NWS Winter Storm Warning criteria will be
met (under construction)
37
National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center Analysis Snow Depth as of
12Z Oct 26
38
Low tracksValid 12z Oct 24, 2005Thru 12Z Oct 27, 2005
39
>12 in >8 in
>4 in
48 hour probability of snowValid 12Z Oct 25 – 12Z Oct 26
40
41
Experimental WWD Snow Accums downscaled using PRISM data
42
Probability Snow Detected on Roads
43
NCEP: Other Update Items
• Space Environment Center• Computing Capability• WRF Update• Building
44
Space Environment Center• SEC formally joined NCEP/NWS/NOAA on January 9
– Their addition helps foster a seamless suite of operational products from the “Sun to the Sea”
• Provides space weather alerts and warnings for disturbances that can affect people and equipment working in space and on Earth
• Service/Science linkage offers many exciting challenges for future growth to insure the delivery of weather/ocean/climate products to a diverse and increasingly sophisticated user community (e.g., climate, aviation)
45
•Receives Over 210 Million Global Observations Daily•Sustained Computational Speed: 1.485 Trillion Calculations/Sec•Generates More Than 5.7 Million Model Fields Each Day•Global Models (Weather, Ocean, Climate)•Regional Models (Aviation, Severe Weather, Fire Weather)•Hazards Models (Hurricane, Volcanic Ash, Dispersion)•2.4x upgrade operational on January 25, 2005•Backup in Fairmont, WV operational on January 25, 2005
Computing Capability
Commissioned/Operational IBM Supercomputer in Gaithersburg, MD (June 6, 2003)
$26.4M/Year $26.4M/Year InvestmentInvestment
46
GFS
CFS
GFDL
SREF
NAM - Eta
NOAH Land Surface Model
Dispersion
Air Quality
2005 NCEP Production Suite Atmospheric Model Dependencies
Forecast
GGSI
WRF-NMMWRF-ARWETARSM
L D A S
Sev Wx
WRF-NMMWRF-ARW
GENS
EDAS
RUC
47
WRF Implementation Schedule
• “HiResWindow” for Hazardous Weather: (ARW and NMM) Implemented operationally at NCEP on 6/28/05 (~5 km)
• WRF SREF members: Operational FY06 (1st Qtr)
• North American WRF: Operational in FY06 (3rd Qtr)
• WRF SREF: Fully Operational in FY07*
• Hurricane WRF: Operational in FY07*
• Rapid Refresh WRF: Operational in FY07*
• WRF Chem: Beyond FY08** As resources allow
48
GFS
CFS
HurricaneWRF
SREF
NAM - WRF
NOAH Land Surface Model
Dispersion
Chem WRF*Air Quality
2007 NCEP Production Suite Atmospheric Model Dependencies
Forecast
Rapid Refresh WRF
GGSI
RGSI
WRF-NMMWRF-ARWRSM ?
L D A S
Sev Wx
WRF-NMMWRF-ARW
*FY08
GENS
49
NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction
• Defined requirements for 268,762 RSF • Includes housing 800 Federal employees, contractors, and
visiting scientists • 5 NCEP Centers• NESDIS research and satellite
services• OAR Air Resources
Laboratory
• Begin move to new facility September ’07 and complete by Feb ‘08
50
Summary
• Making progress with collaborative forecasting– Across entire spectrum from climate to weather– Event-driven to standard day-to-day forecasts– NCEP Service and Modeling Centers are “ready for winter”
• Making progress with a community modeling approach across all time scales – increasingly ensemble based
• NCEP infrastructure issues being addressed– Computer– Buildings (UMD and OU (SPC))
51
Background Slides
52
53
NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction
54