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NAMAs in Central Asia: An Opportunity for Low Carbon Development
Bishkek, 13-14 February 2013
Fourth EU-Central Asia High Level Conference: Platform for Environment and Water Cooperation
Current carbon intensity of Central Asians economies
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2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20090.00
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CZEPOLDEUUKKAZKGZTJKTKMUZBRUS
CZE POL DEU UK KAZ KGZ TJK TKM UZB RUS0.000.200.400.600.801.001.201.401.60
2009
GHG emission reduction & growth is possibleModel of PIK, ECF, Oxford etc. for Europe shows 30% GHG emission reduction by 2020 Increased growth rate by up to 0.6%/a Create up to 6 million additional jobs
Requirements:
Increase of investment (EU 18% to 22% of GDP)
Intervention, mobilisation, expectations, learning
effects, timeframe, innovation and R&D are crucial.
Cost reductions by new technologies
Endogenous technology change
- Carbon taxes to control emissions
- Research subsidies or profit taxes to influence the direction of research
Exogenous technology change
- technology transfer (EE, RES etc.)
- new concepts for waste management, urban planning, mobility
Source: bruegelpolicybrief 2009/07
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NAMA = Set of measures and activities undertaken by developing countries in order to reduce GHG emissions below business as usual
Introduction of the NAMA concept – Bali Action Plan (2007) – further developed in Cancun, Durban and Doha
All types of activities which in line with national development plans and result in GHG emissions reductions
Flexibility – activities which take into consideration the special conditions of countries (best applicable to countries)
Challenge: development of respective policies, agreed long term approaches and rules
Financing provided by developed countries – supported NAMAs
International approval of activities MRV for internationally supported activities Registration
For developing countries - NAMAs as an instrument to spur Low Carbon Development by exogenous technology change
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For sectors where CDM was not successful like: Buildings Transport RES Waste ………
Allow for strategic, long-term transformational measures implementation of sectoral programs and policies
Combination with other financing mechanisms (impact on investment policy)
In contrast to CDM not linked with compliance in developed countries
Possibility to support indirect and preparatory measures – capacity building for NAMA development
Advantages of NAMAs
Success stories of NAMAs
NAMAs
Introduction of energy efficiency standards in public buildings in Mexico Integrated solid municipal waste program in Bangladesh Energy efficiency and labelling in Chile Colombia – energy efficient cargo fleet Chile – development of electro mobility Sustainable peat land management in Indonesia Transport demand management in Jakarta ……..
Overviews:
http://www.nama-database.org/
http://ccap.org/assets/The-Road-to-NAMAs_CCAP.pdf
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The NAMAs in Central AsiaUzbekistan
Building sector – about 32% of energy emissionso Integrated and gradual energy efficient refurbishment concept for
standardised multi-storey residential buildings of soviet type and new single family houses in villages
Kyrgyzstan Local Heating
o Modernisation of small boiler houses (1-10 MW) for local heat supply
Tajikistan Afforestation
o Forest management and economy
Turkmenistan Renewable energies in rural areas
o Solar thermal and off-grid PV installations
Important segments of the economy
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NAMA energy efficient modernisation of small boiler houses Mitigation for Kyrgyzstan is the question of avoiding future increases of carbon
intensity while enhancing economic and social development
Importance of the more than 1000 small boiler houses: combust 12% of all coal used in the country supply about 60% of all schools, kindergartens and hospitals and certain
residential buildings in different cities and regions
NAMA support goal of EE improvement and create demand for modernisation of boiler houses by providing financial incentives for
replacement of existing outdated boilers by modern, highly efficient boilers including more efficient circulation pumps,
adjustment of the new heat capacities to real demand and, in some cases, installation of the new boiler houses closer to the costumers,
adjustment of heat generation and distribution capacities to real demand, improving management and accounting by installation of heat metering devices
at boiler houses and replacement of existing heat pipelines by modern, pre-insulated pipelines
where necessary.
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Requirements NAMA Kyrgyzstan
Design – Package solution (due to concrete situation of institutional reform)
First packages – boiler houses of:
Osh, Bishkek, Chuy and Yssysk Kul administration
Application for participation in NAMA financing scheme stating: Readiness to support the project development regarding the small boiler
houses, which would be jointly selected out of a respective registry, and to take part in the project implementation,
Readiness to take over the responsibility to organise maintenance service for newly-installed equipment and capacity building of the personnel,
Readiness to partially finance the project of modernisation of small boiler houses with administrative and human resources (the precise content will be defined during the negotiations with external investors).
Providing list of boilers and respective data according scheme
Designation of implementing agency by government
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Expected benefits from NAMA implementation
38% reduction of coal consumption and resp. reduced fuel costs 38% reduction of GHG emissions from coal fired boilers
Not all measures will translate into GHG emissions reductions but for example lead to stabilized and improved heat comfort by reduction of heat losses
Avoiding severe social tensions which might arise from weakening heat supply Improved service and maintenance of new technologies Upgrade of qualification for service personal Support of institutional reform in local heat sector
Backing by inter-ministerial body (Coordinating Commission for Climate Change Issues) and government is crucial
The NAMA development is part of a bigger project -“Integrated Approach for the Development of Climate-Friendly Economies in Central Asia”
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Thank you for your attention !
Dr. Petra OpitzDIW econ GmbH Mohrenstraße 5810117 Berlin
Tel.+49.30.89789-223Email: [email protected]
Project partners are:
