1 mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb · 2017-07-03 · 1 mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb f‚wgKv Avj-KziAv‡bi e³e¨ m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mZ¨| G‡Z we›`y cwigvY m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB|

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mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb

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B ا �Cكنمت صادقني ون ا

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ن كنمت صادقني GHم يقولون B ا �Cن دون ا تطعمت م Kوادعوا من اس -. اه قل ف45توا 2سورة م افرت

-A_v©r Zviv wK e‡j, gynv¤§` iPbv K‡i‡Q wK G Avj-KziAvb? Avcwb e‡j w`b, Z‡e wb‡q G‡mv GKwU m~iv Gi Abyiƒc Ges WvK hv‡ì cvi Avjøvn Qvov, hw` †Zvgiv mZëv`x nI|3 Avj-KziAv‡bi G P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq m‡›`nev`x‡ì e¨_© cÖqvm4 I Zvici nvRvi eQ‡ii bxieZv Avj-KziAv‡bi mZ¨Zvi cÖgvY enb K‡i| Z ycwi Avj-KziAvb AeZx‡Y©i mv‡_ mv‡_B Zv wjwce× Kiv nq|5 ‡mBmv‡_ gnvbex (m.) ¯qs I A‡bK mvnvex Avj-KziAv‡bi nvwdR wQ‡jb|6 †h Kvi‡Y Avj-KziAv‡b Ab¨ Kv‡iv e³e¨ ev K_v AbycÖ‡e‡ki GZUzKz my‡hvM wQj bv|

1. Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ: 2| 2. Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-evKviv, AvqvZ: 23| 3. Avj-KziAvb, m~iv BDbym, AvqvZ: 38| 4. Avj-KziAv‡bi G P¨v‡jÄ †gvKvwejvq Avi‡ei eo eo Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv †Rvi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Zviv mK‡jB e¨_© n‡q‡Qb| Aviexq‡ì cÖ_v Abyhvqx evrmwiK KweZv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †hwU cÖ_g ’vb AwaKvi Ki‡Zv, †mwU KvÔev N‡ii ìRvq Rq I †MŠi‡ei ¯§„wZ¯iƒc Uvwb‡q ivLv n‡Zv| GKw`b Avj-KziAv‡bi GKwU †QvU m~iv Ôm~iv Avj-KvImviÕ KvÔev N‡i jUwK‡q †`qv n‡jv| Avie¨ Kwe-m¤ªvU Bgiæj Kv‡qmmn Avi‡ei eo eo Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv eû †Póv-mvabvi ci G m~ivwUi b¨vq GKwU †QvÆ m~iv iPbvq e¨_© n‡q Zviv G ¯^xKv‡ivw³ w`‡jb †h, A_v©r GwU gvby‡li iPbv bq| ïay ZvB bq, KziAv‡bi DbœZ fvlv I mvwnZ¨ AjsKv‡i gy» n‡q-.لVس هذا من Sم الRرشnvmmvb web mvweZ, ZzdvBj web Avgi, Beb eynvBi I Ave yjøvn web iIqvnvi gZ Avi‡ei weL¨vZ Kwe-mvwn‡Z¨Kiv Cgvb Avbj|-gydZx gynv¤§` DevB yjøvn, KziAvb msKj‡bi BwZnvm (XvKv: `viæj wKZve, 2000 Bs), c„. 278-279| gnvbexi BwšÍKv‡ji ci hy‡M hy‡M A‡bK m‡›`nev`x Kvwdi I gykwiK Avj-KziAv‡bi gZ Av‡iKwU Avj-KziAvb ev GKwU m~iv ev GKwU AvqvZ evbv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ Zv‡ì mK‡ji Giƒc cÖqvm e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q| 5. nhiZ hvwq` Beb mvweZ (iv.) eY©bv K‡ib, Avwg Inx wj‡L ivLvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQjvg| nhiZ hvwq` Beb mvweZ (iv.) QvovI hvuiv Inx wjwce× K‡i ivLvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Zb, Zvu‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ_g Pvi Ljxdv, nhiZ DevB Beb KvÔe, nhiZ Avey hyevBi Bebyj AvIqvg, nhiZ gyÔAvweqv, nhiZ AveŸvm Beb mvC`, Ave yjøvn Beb

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Ab¨w`‡K nv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i G K_v ejvi my‡hvM †bB †h, Zv m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mZ¨| ‡Kbbv nv`x‡mi fvlv‰kjx I e³e¨ wel‡qi Ggb †Kvb GKK ev mywbav©wiZ iƒc †bB, hv wbwðZ Ki‡e GwU gnvbexi nv`xm| ZvQvov nv`xm msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mv‡_ mv‡_B Zv wjwce× nqwb|7 Z ycwi wewfbœ mvnvexi gva¨‡g bvbvwea nv`xm ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| mvnvexiv †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm wbR eyS I wbR¯^ kã cÖ‡qv‡M eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î Giƒc eY©bvixwZi êaZv i‡q‡Q| m‡ev©cwi A‡bK gybvwdK I ¯v_©v‡šlxgnj Rvj ev ev‡bvqvU nv`xm iPbv K‡i‡Q|8 d‡j nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB ev cixÿv-wbixÿvi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv ‡`q| ejvevûj¨, G cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡`B mb`MZ Áv‡bi DrcwË nq|9 hy‡M hy‡M mb`MZ Áv‡bi PPv© I Abykxj‡bi d‡j mb`MZ Ávb GZUv DrKl©Zv jvf K‡i †h, mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb` GK †gŠwjK wel‡q cwiMwYZ nq| Avi gynvwÏmiv mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb`MZ wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi Ici wbf©ikxj nb| A_v©r mb`MZ bvbvw`K cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci mb` mnxn cÖgvwYZ n‡j nv`xmwU mnxn, Avi mb` mnxn bv n‡j nv`xmwU mnxn bq e‡j wm×všÍ ‡`b| hwÌ mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb‡ì cvkvcvwk gZb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq hvPvB-evQvB ev cixÿv-wbixÿv mg¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avi GgbwUB gynvwÏm‡ì AwfgZ| gynvwÏm‡ì g‡Z mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q ev wbiƒc‡Yi ywU c×wZ i‡q‡Q| †hgb wiIqv‡qZ c×wZ I wìv‡qZ c×wZ|

G K_v ejv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb †h, wiIqv‡qZ I wìv‡qZ-G Dfq c×wZi mgš‡q wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Kiv gynvwÏm‡ì kZwm× gZ n‡jI ev¯ÍeZv nj, mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡q AwaKvsk gynvwÏm †Kej wiIqv‡qZ c×wZ Z_v nv`x‡mi mb` ev nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb|10 G‡ì g‡Z nv`x‡mi mb` ev nv`xm eY©bvKvix wVK _vK‡j Ges Gi avivevwnKZv h_vh_fv‡e iwÿZ n‡j

ivIqvnv, Beb gvmD`, Lvwj` Bebyj Iqvwj`, gyMxiv Beb ïÔev I nvbhvjv (iv.)-Gi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|-dZûj evix, 1g LÐ, c„. 18; hv yj gvÔAv`, 1g LÐ, c„. 30| 6. Avj-KziAvb AeZxY© nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ gnvbex (m.) Zv gyL¯’ K‡i ivL‡Zb| cieZx©‡Z wZwb Zv mvnvex‡ì‡K c‡o ïbv‡Zb Ges mvnvexivI Zv gyL¯’ K‡i ivL‡Zb| GK`j mvnvex Avj-KziAv‡bi nvwdR wQ‡jb| Pvi Ljxdv QvovI nhiZ Zvjnv (iv.), nhiZ mv‡jg (iv.), nhiZ Beb gvmD` (iv.), nhiZ ûhvBdv Bebyj Bqvgvb (iv.), nhiZ Ave yjøvn Beb Avgi (iv.), nhiZ Ave yjøvn Beb mv‡qe (iv.), nhiZ Avwqkv (iv.), nhiZ nvdmv (iv.) I nhiZ D¤§y mvjvgvn (iv.)-Gi bvg we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL Kiv hvq, hviv cy‡iv Avj-KziAv‡bi nvwdR wQ‡jb|-BjgyZ Zvdmxi, Bjgyj nv`xm, Bjgyj wdKn, M‡elYvcÎ msKjb-GK, (XvKv: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, ----), c„. 39| 7. gnvbex (m.) e‡jb, هWبوا عين ]ري القران ومن كتب عين ]ري القران فلمي�.ال[ك -A_v©r Avgvi †Kvb K_vB wjL bv| Avj-KziAvb e¨ZxZ Avgvi wbKU n‡Z Ab¨ wKQz wj‡L _vK‡j Zv gy‡Q †dj|-mnxn gymwjg, 2q LÐ, c„. 414| Avj-KziAv‡bi mv‡_ nv`xm wg‡k hvIqvi AvksKvq cÖ_gZ nv`xm wjLv wbwl× wQj| Z‡e Avj-KziAvb msKj‡bi ci mvnvexiv nv`xm wjwce×Ki‡Y Mfxi g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib| 8. gynv¤§` gynv¤§` Ave~ hvû, Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏm~b, (‰eiæZ: `viæj wKZve Avj-ÔAvivex, 1404 wnRix/1984 Lªx.), c„. 29-86| 9. mb`MZ Ávb Ggwb GK Ávb hvi gva¨‡g ivex Z_v eY©bvKvix‡ì mvwe©K Ae¯’v A_v©r Rb¥-g„Zz¨, Zv‡ì PvwiwÎK fvj-g›` I ¯§iYkw³ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nIqv hvq| d‡j eY©bvKvixi ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn bv hCd Zv wbiƒcY Kiv mnR nq| 10. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏmiv †hme kZ©mg~n cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb ev †h c×wZ AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv wePvi-we‡kølY Ki‡j GwU cwi¯‹vi nq †h, AwaKvsk gynvwÏm mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y g~jZ mb`MZ cixÿv-wbixÿvi Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb, gZb‡K› ªxK cixÿv-wbixÿvq †Zgb ¸iæZ¡ †`bwb| G wel‡q cieZx©‡Z we ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e, Bb&kv-Avjøvn|

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nv`xmwU wbm‡›`‡n MÖnY‡hvM¨| 11 Avevi †Kvb †Kvb gynvwÏm nv`x‡mi mb` wVK nIqvi †P‡q nv`x‡mi wìv‡qZ Z_v gZb ev e³e¨ welq h_vh_ I hyw³m½Z nIqv †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡Z nv`x‡mi wìv‡qZ Z_v gZb ev e³e¨ welq wVK bv n‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| GgbwK mb` wVK n‡jI ev mb` wePv‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡jI gZb ev e³e¨ welq h_vh_ bv n‡j Zv nv`xm e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i bv|12

cÖK…Z A‡_© gynvwÏm‡ì g‡Z GKKfv‡e G ywU c×wZB fvimvg¨nxb| †Kbbv Gi GKwU mb` wbf©i, †mLv‡b nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq wePvh© bq| mb` wVK ev wbf©i‡hvM¨ n‡jB nv`xmwU MÖnYxq| Ab¨wU wbi¼zkfv‡e nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| A_v©r mvaviY we‡eK-eyw× I hyw³i wePv‡i nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡jB nv`xmwU MÖnY‡hvM¨| G‡ÿ‡Î mb‡ì wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| g~jZ mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y ‡KejgvÎ mb`‡K›`ªxK cixÿv-wbixÿv h‡_ó bq, †hgb h‡_ó bq mvaviY we‡eK-eyw× I hyw³i gva¨‡g †KejgvÎ nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q ev wbiƒcY| G‡ÿ‡Î mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡qi ywU c×wZi (wiIqv‡qZ I wìv‡qZ c×wZ) mymgwšZ cÖ‡qvM Z_v mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb Df‡qi cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY n‡e h_v_© I mwVK c×wZ| G mwVK c×wZ Aej¤‡b †hme gynvwÏm mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKjb K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì msL¨v Ges Zv‡ì msKwjZ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i msL¨v LyeB AcÖZzj| Avi G Kvi‡YB mg¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb DfqwUi h_vh_ cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKjb nIqv ìKvi e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi| G cÖ‡qvRb‡eva †_‡KB KziAvb wimvP© dvD‡Ûkb mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm msKj‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i| KziAvb wimvP© dvD‡Ûk‡bi G msKjb ywUi bvg n‡e wb¤œiƒc-

GK. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb `yB. mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb

DcwiD³ ywU msKj‡bi KvR cwimgvwßi ci ‡hme nv`x‡mi gZb mnxn, wKš‘ mb` mnxn bq, Avevi †hme nv`x‡mi mb` mnxn wKš‘ gZb mnxn bq, Giƒc nv`x‡mi c„_K `y‡Uv msKjb iPbv Kiv n‡e, Bb&kv-Avjøvn| G msKjb y‡Uvi bvg n‡e wb¤œiƒc:

GK. gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb `yB. gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb

gnvb Avjøvni Kv‡Q G cÖv_©bv wZwb †hb Ômb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÕ Ges Ômb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÕ, †mBmv‡_ ÔgZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÕ Ges ÔgZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÕ-Gi G gnr cÖqvm‡K wbi¼zkfv‡e Zvui mš‘wó AR©‡bi Rb¨ Keyj K‡i †bb| Avgxb!

11. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave yi inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm (XvKv:Lvqiæb cÖKvkbx, 2000 Bs), c„. 454| 12. gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave yi inxg, cÖv¸³|

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mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q ev wbiƒc‡Yi c×wZ mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Yi c×wZ ywU| †hgb wiIqvqvZ c×wZ I wìvqvZ c×wZ|

GK. wiIqv‡qZ c×wZ wiIqv‡qZ c×wZ mb‡ì13 mv‡_ m¤ú„³| GKwU nv`x‡mi mb‡` DwjøwLZ e¨w³e‡M©i MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I AMÖnY‡hvM¨Zv cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i nv`x‡mi ¯’vb wbY©q KivB n‡jv wiIqvqvZ c×wZ|14 g~jZ wiIqvqvZ c×wZ n‡jv mb`MZ mKj w`K Z_v nv`xm eY©bvKvixi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv, wek¦ ÍZv, mZëv`xZv, ¯§„wZkw³, cvwÐZ¨, PwiÎ I mvwe©K AvPvi-AvPiY AZ¨šÍ m~²fv‡e wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mnxn ev hCd wn‡m‡e nv`x‡mi ’vb wbiƒcY Kiv|

gnvbex (m.)-Gi RxeÏkvq nv`x‡mi wiIqvqZMZ wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| KviY ZLb gnvbex (m.) Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb| mvnvex‡ì †Kvb welq Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zv mivmwi gnvbex (m.)-Gi KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wb‡Z cvi‡Zb| Ab¨w`‡K gnvbex (m.)-Gi Dcw ’wZ‡Z ‡Kvb Kvwdi ev gybvwd‡Ki c‡ÿ †Kvb nv`xm evwb‡q ejvi my‡hvM ev mvnm †KvbwUB wQj bv| †Kbbv gnvbex (m.)-Gi Dcw ’wZ‡Z nv`xm evwb‡q ej‡j aiv c‡o hvIqvi fq wQj| wKš‘ gnvbex (m.)-Gi BwšÍKv‡ji ci nv`xm eY©©bvq wiIqvqvZMZ ev mb`MZ wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv w`j| hv‡Z †KD †Kvb nv`xm evwb‡q ej‡Z bv cv‡i| g~jZ wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z wiIqvqZMZ ev mb`MZ cixÿv-wbixÿvi m~Pbv N‡U| wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Gi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i| G mgq gynvwÏmiv mb` Qvov nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| Zvuiv mb`‡K nv`x‡mi Ask g‡b Ki‡Zb| ZLb †_‡KB nv`x‡mi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv mb‡ì IciB wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡o|15 Zv‡eC‡ì hy‡M mb‡ì Ici e¨vcKfv‡e ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq| †KD †Kvb nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡K me©cÖ_g D³ nv`x‡mi mb` m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmvev` Kiv n‡Zv| G‡Z wRÁvwmZ e¨w³ †Kvbiƒc Lvivc g‡b Ki‡Zb bv|16 gynvwÏmiv nv`xm msKj‡bi hy‡M mb‡ì mZ¨Zv wePv‡ii gva¨‡g mnxn ev hCd wn‡m‡e nv`x‡mi gvb I ¯’vb wbY©q Ki‡Zb|

13. Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx e‡jb, ناد حاكية عنKطريق املنتاالس -gZ‡bi c~‡e© eY©bvm~Î‡K mb` ejv nq|-Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx, byhnvZzb bhi (XvKv: KzZzeLvbv ivkxw`qv, Zv. we.), c„. 6| W. ivIqvm KvjvÔRxi e‡jb, gهو سلس im~jyjøvn (m.) ‡_‡K nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì µgaviv‡KB mb` ejv nq|-gyÔRvgy jyMvwZj-الرoال اmnن نقلوا احلديث عن رسول هللا dzKvnv, (KivPx: B`vivZzj KziAvb Iqvj Dj~wgj Bmjvwgq¨vn, Zvwe), c„. 251| gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb e‡jb, هو ,nv`x‡mi gZb Z_v g~j e³‡e¨ †cŠuQvevi eY©bv ci¤úiv‡K mb` ejv nq|-Avgxgyj Bnmvb- الطريق املوصل اىل املنت

gxhvbyj AvLevi (XvKv: Avj-evivKv jvB‡eªix), c„. 6| W. gvng~` AvZ-Zn&nvb e‡jb, لمنت gال املوصoالر gسلس -gZb ch©šÍ eY©bvKvix‡ì avivevwnKZv‡K mb` ejv nq|-W. gvng~` AvZ-Zn&nvb, ZvBwmiæ gymZjvwnj nv`xm, (KivPx: Kvw`gx KzZzeLvbv), c„. 14. W. gynv¤§` Ave yj gvey`, mybœvZz ivm~wjjøvn (m.) (XvKv: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, M‡elYvcÎ msKjb-2, 2007 Bs), c„. 94| 15 . W. AvKivg whqv Avj-ÔIgix, eyûmyb dx ZvwiLxm mybœvn Avj-gykviidvn, (‰eiæZ: 4_© ms, 1405 wnRix/1984Lªx.), c„. 53| 16. W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY: cÖK…wZ I c×wZ (XvKv: evsjv‡`k BmjvwgK †m›Uvi, 2009 Bs), c„. 42|

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`yB. wìvqZ c×wZ wìvqvZ c×wZ gZ‡bi17 mv‡_ m¤ú„³| nv`xmmg~‡ni hvPvB-evQvB Kivi †ÿ‡Î wiIqvqv‡Zi mv‡_ wìvqv‡Zi eënviI GKwU me©mgw_©Z welq| wìvqvZ A_© AšÍ ©„wó I AwfÁvb|18 wìvqvZMZ c×wZ n‡jv nv`x‡mi kã I A_© Z_v gZb ev e³e¨ welq h_vh_fv‡e wePvi-we‡kølY Kiv| gynvwÏmiv mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y wiIqv‡q‡Zi cvkvcvwk h_vh_fv‡e wìvqZMZ cixÿv-wbixÿvI K‡i‡Qb|19

wiIqvqvZMZ cixÿv-wbixÿvi cvkvcvwk wìvqZMZ cixÿvi m~Pbv ¯qs mvnvex‡ì Avg‡jB nq| nhiZ Igi dviƒK (iv.)-Gi wbKU hLb dv‡Zgv webZ Kvqm BÏZKvjxb †Lvi‡cvl m¤úKx©q nv`xmwU20 eY©bv K‡ib ZLb wZwb G e‡j Bnv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib †h, nv`xmwU Avj-KziAvb Ges Aci cÖwm× nv`x‡mi †Ljvd| m¤¢eZ: dv‡Zgv GwU wVKfv‡e Bqv` ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| dvwZgv webZ Kv‡qm (iv.) ewY©Z nv`xmwU Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï cwicš’x nIqvi Kvi‡Y Igi (iv.) Zvi nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ibwb| GLv‡b dv‡Zgv webZ Kv‡qm nv`xm eY©bvKvix wn‡m‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ bb G cÖkœwU Av‡mwb, eis Zvi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mwVK bq weavq nv`xmwU MÖnY Kiv nqwb|

Gfv‡e nhiZ Ave yjøvn Beb Igi hLb G nv`xmwU ej‡jb, .ان امليت يعذب بباكء Hه- :ليه

-A_v©r g„Z e¨w³i Rb¨ cwievi¯’ †jv‡Ki µ›`‡bi ìæb Ke‡i Zvi Avhve n‡q _v‡K|21 ZLb nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) ej‡jb, Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj-KziAv‡b i‡q‡Q, G‡Ki ¸bvni †evSv A‡b¨ enb K‡i bv| myZivs im~jyjøvn (m.)-Gi K_v Ave yjøvn eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| nhiZ Ave yjøvn Beb Igi (iv.) ivex wn‡m‡e wek¦ Í| Zvui ewY©Z nv`xm mKj gynvwÏ‡mi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨| wKš‘ nhiZ Av‡qkv (iv.) Ave yjøvn Beb Igi (iv.) ewY©Z G nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ibwb| KviY nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï cwicš’x|

GKevi nhiZ Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) ej‡jb, gnvbex (m.) e‡j‡Qb, Av¸‡b cvK Kiv wRwbm LvB‡j IRy bó n‡q hvq|22 G ï‡b nhiZ Beb AveŸvm ej‡jb, Zv n‡j Mig cvwb LvB‡jI †Zv IRy hvBevi K_v, A_P Zv †KD e‡j bv; Avcwb nq‡Zv gnvbexi K_v ey‡Sb bvB A_ev Zv wVKfv‡e ¯§iY ivL‡Z cv‡ib bvB| myZivs Bnv MÖnY‡hvM¨ b‡n| nhiZ Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) ivex wn‡m‡e mK‡ji Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨| wKš‘ nhiZ Beb AveŸvm (iv.) Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) ewY©Z ÔAv¸‡b cvK Kiv wRwbm LvB‡j IRy bó n‡q hvqÕ-G nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ibwb| GwU GR‡b¨ bq †h, nhiZ Ave~ ûivBiv (iv.) ivex wn‡m‡e wek¦ Í bb| eis Zvi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ mvaviY we‡eK-eyw×

17. W. gvng~` AvZ-Zn&nvb e‡jb, hLv‡b mb‡ì µgaviv cwimgvß nq, Zv‡K gZb‡- هو ما يyهتwي اليه السKند من الuم e‡j|-W. gvng~` AvZ-Zn&nvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 16| kvqL Ave yj nK †`njfx e‡jb, نادKى اليه االسwاملنت ما ا=هت-mb`m~Î †h ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Q‡Q, Zvi cieZx© Ask‡KB gZb ejv nq|------ 18. W. gynv¤§` Ave yj gvey`,--------- cÖv¸³, c„. 97| 19. gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÕRgx, nv`x‡Qi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, (XvKv: Gg`vw`qv cy¯ÍKvjq, 2008 Lªx.), c„. 127| 20. dZûj evix kin mnxûj eyLvix, ZvjvK Aa¨vq, dv‡Zgv webZ Kv‡q‡mi Mí cwi‡”Q`, nv`xm bs 5015| 21. mnxn eyLvix, Rvbvhv Aa¨vq, nv`xm bs 1226| 22. mnxn gymwjg, nv‡qR Aa¨vq, Av¸‡b cvKv‡bv wRwbm †L‡j IRy fv½vi welq iwnZ nIqvi cwi‡”Q`, nv`xm bs 354|

6

cwicš’x| †h Kvi‡Y wZwb nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ibwb| KviY gnvbex (m.) we‡eK-eyw× cwicš’x †Kvb K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib bv|

Gfv‡e mvnvex nhiZ mv‡eZ hLb wgÕivR m¤úKx©q nv`xm ej‡jb, gnvbex e‡j‡Qb, Avwg †evivK‡K evqZzj gvK`v‡mi Kovi mv‡_ †eu‡awQjvg,23 ZLb mvnvex nhiZ ûhvBdv ej‡jb, †Kb, †eviv‡Ki cvjvBevi f‡q? Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv; †m iv‡Z mg¯Í wRwbm‡KB gnvbexi ûKz‡gi Aaxb K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj| AZGe Avcwb gnvbexi K_v wVKfv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡ib bvB| A_ev ¯§iY ivL‡Z cv‡ib bvB| GLv‡bI nhiZ ûhvBdv (iv.) nhiZ mv‡eZ (iv.) ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY K‡ibwb G Kvi‡Y bq †h, mv‡eZ (iv.) wek¦ Í ivex bb| eis wZwb G nv`xmwU MÖnY K‡ibwb G Kvi‡Y †h, nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ hyw³m½Z bq| Avi gnvbex (m.) KL‡bv A‡hŠw³K †Kvb K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib bv|

G ai‡bi Av‡iv eû NUbv i‡q‡Q| mvnvex‡ì G m~Î a‡i cieZx© gynvwÏmiv wìvqvZMZ cixÿv-wbixÿvi we ÍvwiZ wbqg-Kvbyb ev bxwZgvjv wbav©iY K‡ib|24 G bxwZgvjv gynvwÏmiv GRb¨ cÖYqb K‡ib ‡h, †hb Avj-KziAvb cwicš’x ‡Kvb e³e¨ ev mvaviY we‡eK-eyw× cwicš’x A‡hŠw³K †Kvb K_v gnvbexi nv`xm wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ bv nq|

23. mnxn Beb wneŸvb, Bmiv Aa¨vq, wReªvB‡ji †evivK‡K evuav cwi‡”Q`, nv`xm bs 47; gymZvìv‡K nv‡Kg, Zvdmxi Aa¨vq, m~iv eYx BmivB‡ji Zvdmxi, nv`xm bs 3422| 24. G m¤ú‡K© ÔgZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjvÕ As‡k we ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e, Bbkv-Avjøvn|

7

mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡bi †cÖÿvcU gnvbex (m.)-Gi hyM †_‡K Avi¤¢ K‡i A`¨vewa, G `xN© mgq wewfbœ Avw½‡K I „wó‡KvY †_‡K gynvwÏmiv nv`xm msKjb K‡ib| †KD †KD mivmwi gnvbex (m.)-Gi wKQz evYx msKjb K‡ib| †hgb nhiZ Avjx (iv.) I Ave`yjøvn Beb ÔAvgi Bebyj ÔAvm (iv.) msKwjZ mnxdvmg~n| G K_v ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, G y‡Uv mnxdv mvnvex‡ì hy‡M msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| †KD †KD Avevi ivex ev eY©bvKvix‡ì bvg I ghv© v Abymv‡i nv`xm msKjb K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi hvPvB-evQvB e¨wZ‡i‡K wewfbœ wel‡qi Ici ewY©Z GKRb ivexi mKj nv`xm‡K GKwÎZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤‡ji msKwjZ Ôgymbv‡` Avng`Õ| Avevi †KD †KD nv`xm msKjb K‡ib eY©bvKvix‡ì bv‡gi AvÿwiK web¨v‡m| ‡hgb Bgvg Zevivbxi ÔAvj-gyÕRvg Avj-Kexi Iqvm mMxiÕ| G‡ÿ‡ÎI mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi hvPvB-evQvB Kiv nqwb| Zvi gv‡b Bgvg Zevivbx Zvui msKwjZ MÖ‡š’ mnxn I hCd Dfq cÖKv‡ii nv`xmB msKjb Ki‡Qb|

‡KD †KD mb‡ì gvb cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g †Kej mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjb iPbv K‡ib| Ômnxn Avj-eyLvixÕ I Ômnxn gymwjgÕ I ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-AvievÔAvÕ25 Z_v PviwU mybvb MÖš’mn mnxn Beb LyhvBgvn I mnxn Beb nveŸvb-Gi bvg G‡ÿ‡Î D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Avevi nv`x‡mi †Kvb †Kvb msKjb Ggb cvIqv hvq hv ms‡ÿcYg~jK| A_v©r Gme msKj‡b mb` ms‡ÿcY K‡i nv`xm eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Bgvg beexi Ôwiqv ym mvwjnxbÕ I Bgvg Avj-LZxe AvZ-wZeixhxi ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ| G ywU nv`xmMÖ‡š’I mnxn I hCd nv`xm Avjv`v Kiv nqwb| Z ycwi mb‡ì gvb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i gI ~Ô nv`x‡mi DciI ¯Zš¿ msKjb iwPZ nq| †hgb Bgvg Bebyj RIhx (597 wn.) iwPZ MÖš’ ÔAvj-gvI ~AvZÕ| Bgvg myq~Zx (911 wn.) D³ MÖš’wU‡K ms‡ÿcY K‡i ÔAvj-jvAvjx Avjgvmb~ÔAvnÕ iPbv K‡ib| GiB avivevwnKZvq mb‡ì gvb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i wesk kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-AvjevbxI mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi c„_K y‡Uv msKjb iPbv K‡ib| GK. wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xm Avm-mnxnvn Iqv kvBDg wgb wdKwnnv Iqv dvIqvBw`nv ( |Kة وشWا��اديث الصحي gمن فقهها و فوائدهاسلس ), yB. wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xm Avh-hCdvn Iqvj gvI ~ÔAvn Iqv Avmviænv Avm-mvBwqÕ dxj D¤§vn (يف ا�مة |Kرها الس�Hا��اديث الضعيفة و املوضو:ة و gسلس)| Ggwb eûgvwÎK „wófw½ I c×wZ Aej¤‡b eû nv`xmMÖš’ msKwjZ nq|

DcwiD³ bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv †_‡K G K_v ¯úó nq †h, gnvbexi (m.) hyM †_‡K A`¨vewa eû nv`xmMÖš’ msKwjZ n‡q‡Q| Gi †Kvb ‡Kvb msKj‡b mnxn I hCd Dfq ai‡bi nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb msKj‡b †Kej mnxn nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb msKj‡b †Kej hCd I gI ~Ô nv`x‡mi mwbœ‡ek N‡U‡Q|

Avgiv M‡elYvq †`L‡Z cvB, mb` I gZb hvPvB-evQvB K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY bxwZwm× n‡jI AwaKvsk gynvwÏm wbi¼zkfv‡e mb`MZ wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbY©q K‡ib Ges nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| gZb hvPvB-evQvB‡q ZZUv ¸iæZ¡ †`bwb| mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b nv`xm msKjK‡ì Abym„Z c×wZ, bxwZgvjv I kZ©mg~n chv©‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g G K_vi mZ¨Zv ¯úó n‡q D‡V| G chv©‡q nv`xm msKjK‡ì mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b Zv‡ì Abym„Z c×wZ, bxwZgvjv I kZ©mg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖqvm ‡be|

25.

8

mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi cwikÖg I mvabvi gva¨‡g gynvwÏmiv gnvbexi mybœvn msKjb I msiÿY K‡ib| ïay ZvB bq, hCd I gI ~Ô nv`x‡mi AbycÖ‡e‡k mnxn nv`xm †hb nvwi‡q bv hvq, †m Kvi‡Y gynvwÏmiv mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi c„_K c„_K msKjb iPbv K‡ib| G mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡q gynvwÏmiv GK weÁvbm¤§Z bxwZgvjv cÖYqb I AbymiY K‡ib|

K. mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv

Bgvg hyn&ix (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg hyn&ix (in.) 58 wnRix‡Z gyÔAvweqvi (iv.) wLjvd‡Zi †klw`‡K g`xbvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 124 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui cy‡iv bvg n‡jv gynv¤§` Beb gymwjg Beb ÔDevqw`jøvn Beb wknve Avh-hyn&ix| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i nv`x‡mi nvwdh, ÔAvwe` I hvwn`| Bgvg hyn&ix †QvU †ejv †_‡KB wQ‡jb AZ¨šÍ †gavex| Zvui ¯§„wZkw³ wQj cÖLi| wZwb g`xbvq †jLvcov K‡ib| A‡bK mvnvexi wkl¨Z¡ MÖnY K‡i Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q AMva cvwÐ‡Zï AwaKvix nb Bgvg hyn&ix (in.)| Bgvg hyn&ix nv`xmkv‡ ¿ we‡kl cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡ib| wZwb g`xbvi eo eo gynvwÏm‡ì wbKU †_‡K nv`xm wkÿv K‡ib| Bgvg kv‡dC (in.) e‡jb,

.لو ال الزهري nهب السنن من املدينة-Bgvg hyn&ix bv n‡j g`xbvi nv`xmmg~n wejxb n‡q †hZ|26 Bgvg hyn&ix Zvui msM„nxZ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i yB nvRvi weï× nv`x‡mi mwbœ‡e‡k GKwU MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| hv cieZx©‡Z Ôgymbv yh hyn&ixÕ (ند الزهريKمس) bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnv‡m GwUB cÖ_g msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’| G MÖš’wU msKj‡b Ges mnxn nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg hyn&ix (in.) †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib, Zv wb¤œiƒct

GK. Bgvg hyn&ix (in.) nv`xm MÖn‡Y AwaKZi mZK©Zv Aej¤b Ki‡Zb| wZwb mb` Qvov †Kvb nv`xmB MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| ÔAvgi Beb `xbvi Avj-g°x e‡jb, nv`x‡mi mb` eY©bvq hyn&ix A‡cÿv AwaK mZK©Zv Aej¤bKvix Avi KvD‡K †`wLwb|27

`yB. Bgvg hyn&ix ïay nv`x‡mi mb‡ì e¨vcv‡i K‡VviZv Av‡ivc K‡ibwb, eis nv`x‡mi gZ‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI e ‘wbô hvPvB Ki‡Zb| Bgvg hyn&ix nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡bi Pzj‡Piv we‡kølK nIqvq wZwb me eY©bvKvix †_‡K nv`xm MÖnY K‡ibwb| eY©bvKvixi wek¦ ÍZv, `xb`vixZv, ¯§„wZkw³i cÖejZv Ges ewY©Z nv`x‡mi g~j fvl¨ ch©‡eÿY I wbixÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g †hwU‡K mnxn g‡b K‡i‡Qb, †Kej †m nv`xm‡KB wZwb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|28

26. wnjvZzj AvIwjqv, 3q LÐ, c„. 158| 27. Avj-Bgvgyh hynix, c„. 227| 28. W. †gvnv¤§` †ejvj †nv‡mb, c„. 122-23|

9

Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv AwaKvsk HwZnvwmK‡ì g‡Z, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) Ljxdv ÔAvãyj gvwj‡Ki kvmbvg‡j Biv‡Ki K‚dv bMix‡Z 80 wnRix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †KD †KD e‡jb, wZwb 72 wnRix m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|29 Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) 150 wnRi‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui cÖK…Z bvg byÕgvb, Dcbvg Ave~ nvbxdvn, Dcvwa ÔAvj-Bgvgyj AvÕhgÕ| Zvui c~Y© esk ci¤úiv n‡jv Ave~ nvbxdvn byÕgvb Beb mvweZ Beb h~Zx AvZ-ZvBgx Avj-K‚dx gvIjv ebx ZvBwgjøvn Beb mvÕjvev|30 Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) AZ¨šÍ †gavex wQ‡jb| wZwb wdKn I nv`xm kv¯¿ Dfq wel‡q cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) 40 nvRvi nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 1067 wU nv`xm wb‡q ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ bv‡g GKwU nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| AwaKZi mZK©Zv Aej¤b I K‡Vvi kZv©‡iv‡ci gva¨‡g wZwb nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb| d‡j Zvui wiIqvqvZK…Z nv`x‡mi msL¨v Acivci gynvwÏ‡mi Zzjbvq A‡cÿvK…Z Kg|31 G cÖm‡½ Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) e‡jb, Avgvi wbKU K‡qK wm› yK cwigvY nv`xm wQj, Avwg Zv †_‡K Aí cwigvY nv`xm MÖnY K‡iwQ, hv eënvwiK Rxe‡b DcKvi †`‡e|32 Bqvn&Bqv Beb gÔCb e‡jb, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) wQ‡jb GKRb wek¦ Í gynvwÏm| wZwb gyL ’ Qvov †Kvb nv`xmB ej‡Zb bv|33 Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I nv`xm msKj‡b †hme bxwZgvjv Aej¤b K‡ib, Zv wb¤œiƒct

GK. kixÔAv‡Zi AvnKv‡gi Drm-KziAvb-mybœvn AbymÜv‡bi ci †hme `jxj Zvui g‡Z wbf©i‡hvM¨ wQj, nv`xm Aek¨B Zvi mvsNwl©K n‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs hLbB †Kvb nv`xm †mme `jx‡ji wecixZ nZ ZLb wZwb †m nv`xm¸‡jv MÖnY K‡ibwb| †Kbbv `ywU `jx‡ji g‡a¨ †hwU AwaKZi kw³kvjx, Zvi IciB ÔAvgj Kiv DwPZ| Avi †m wfwË‡Z wZwb Le‡i Iqv‡n`‡K kvh g‡b Ki‡Zb|

`yB. nv`xm KziAv‡bi mvaviY AvnKvg Ges ¯úó ewY©Z welqvejxi Aek¨B wecixZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv| myZivs hLbB †Kvb nv`xm KziAv‡bi ¯úó ûKz‡gi mv‡_ mvsNwl©K nZ, ZLbB wZwb KziAv‡bi Ici ÔAvgj Ki‡Zb Ges †mB nv`xm‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb| G‡ÿ‡ÎI wZwb kw³kvjx `jx‡ji IciB ÔAvgj Ki‡Zb; wKš‘ hw` nv`xm KziAv‡bi †Kvb A¯úó ûKz‡gi eY©bv nZ A_ev †Kvb bZzb welqvejxi Rb¨ `jxj nZ, †h wel‡q KziAvb bxie, Z‡e wZwb †m nv`xmwU Le‡i Iqvwn` n‡jI MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

wZb. Le‡i Iqvwn` nv`x‡m gvkû‡ii wecixZ n‡Z cvi‡e bv, PvB †m nv`xm KvIjx wKsev †dÔjx †nvK| hw` Le‡i Iqvwn` nv`x‡m gvkû‡ii we‡ivax n‡Zv, Z‡e wZwb kw³kvjx `jxj wn‡m‡e gvkûi nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb Ges Zvi IciB ÔAvgj Ki‡Zb|

29. wmqviæ AvÔjvwgb byevjv, 6ô LÐ, c„. 390; ZvixLy evM`v`, 13k LÐ, c„. 323; Avj-Avbmve, 6ô LÐ, c„. 64| 30. ZvhwKivZzj ûd&dvh, 1g LÐ, c„. 158; Avj-LvqivZzj wnmvb, c„. 19; wmqviæ AvÕjvwgb byevjv, 6ô LÐ, c„. 390| 31.gvmvbx y Bgvg Avex nvbxdvn (in.), c„. 42| 32. cÖv¸³| 33. BbnvDm mvKvb wjgvB BDZvwjÔD BÔjvAvm mybvb, c„. 77|

10

Pvi. †Kvb Le‡i Iqvwn` Abyiƒc Le‡i Iqvwn‡ì wecixZ nIqv Pj‡e bv| Avi hw` yÕwU Le‡i Iqvwn`-Gi g‡a¨ we‡iva n‡Zv, Z‡e wZwb Zvui wba©vwiZ wbqg Abyhvqx ‡Kvb GKwU‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡Zb, AciwU cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb| †hgb D³ `yÕwU nv`x‡mi ivex‡ì g‡a¨ Df‡q mvnvex n‡j, whwb dKxn n‡Zb A_ev eq‡R¨ô n‡Zb, Zvui nv`xm wZwb MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

cvuP. nv`x‡mi ivexi ÔAvgj Zvui ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wecixZ nIqv Pj‡e bv| Ggb n‡j wZwb †m nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv|

Qq. nv`x‡mi mb` wKsev gZ‡b †Kvbiƒc cwiea©b _vKv Pj‡e bv| hw` Ggb wKQz n‡Zv, Z‡e wZwb cwiewa©Z nv`xm MÖnY I Zvi Ici ÔAvgj Ki‡Zb bv|

mvZ. Le‡i Iqv‡n‡` Ggb †Kvb ûKzg ewY©Z nIqv Pj‡e bv, hv me©mvavi‡Y¨ e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPwjZ| KviY GgbwU n‡j †m nv`xmwU gvkûi A_ev gyZvIqvwZi nIqv DwPZ wQj| myZivs hLb nv`xmwU gvkûi wKsev gyZvIqvwZi n‡jv bv, ZLb eySv †Mj †h, G‡Z wbðqB †Kvb ye©jZv i‡q‡Q| myZivs wZwb Zv MÖnY K‡ibwb Ges Zvi Ici ÔAvgj K‡ibwb|

AvU. Ggb Le‡i Iqvwn` wZwb MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv, †hwU gvÎ †Kvb GKRb mvnvex eY©bv K‡i‡Qb e‡U, Z‡e nv`x‡m ewY©Z wel‡q mvnvex‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` Av‡Q; wKš‘ †m nv`xm Øviv †Kvb mvnvexB `jxj MÖnY K‡ibwb| myZivs eySv †Mj †h, nv`xmwU cÖgvwYZ bq| †Kbbv nv`xmwU cÖgvwYZ n‡j Aek¨B †KD bv †KD `jxj wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

bq. mj‡d mv‡jnx‡bi (mvnvex I Zv‡eCb) g‡a¨ †KD †h nv`xmwUi wel‡q mgv‡jvPbv ev AvcwË K‡ibwb, wZwb Ggb nv`xmB MÖnY Ki‡Zb| Avi mgv‡jvPbv n‡j wZwb Zv MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| †Kbbv mvnvex I Zv‡eCb KZ…©K mgv‡jvPbvi A_© n‡jv, nv`xmwU weï× bq|

`k. †hme nv`x‡m û`y` I kiC-mvRv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, Avi hw` †m m‡e ivex‡ì gZ‡f` cvIqv hvq, †m †ÿ‡Î wZwb †h wiIqvqv‡Z me‡P‡q nvjKv mvRv ev kvw¯Íi eY©bv i‡q‡Q, †mme nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb|

GMvi. nv`x‡mi ivexi ¯§„wZkw³ nv`xm kÖeY †_‡K Ac‡ii wbKU eY©bv ch©šÍ GKB ai‡bi nIqv PvB| GB ¯§„wZkw³‡Z †Kvbiƒc åg nIqv Pj‡e bv| Giƒc n‡j wZwb nv`xm MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv|

evi. nv`xm Ggb †Kvb me©Rb cÖPwjZ wbq‡gi e¨wZµg nIqv Pj‡e bv, hv mvnvex I Zv‡eC‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb kni wKsev GjvKv we‡k‡l cÖPwjZ bq, eis mevB mgvbfv‡e ÔAvgj K‡i‡Qb|

‡Zi. Le‡i Iqv‡n`-Gi ivex ïay ¯xq wjLbxi IciB wbf©i Ki‡e bv; eis Zvu‡K Aek¨B ¯§„wZ‡Z nv`xm‡K wndh ivL‡Z n‡e| hw` ivex ïay wjLbxi IciB wbf©ikxj n‡Zb, Z‡e Ggb nv`xm wZwb MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv|

Bgvg gvwjK (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg gvwjK (in.) 93 wnRix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 179 wnRix m‡b g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui cÖK…Z bvg gvwjK, KzwbqZ Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn, Dcvwa Bgvgy `vwij wnRivn| Zvui c~Y© eskµg n‡jv, gvwjK

11

Beb MvBgvb Beb LymvBj Beb ÔAvgi Bebyj nvwim Avj Avmevnx|34 Bgvg gvwjK (in.) eo eo ZvweC cwÐZ‡ì wbKU †_‡K nv`xm I wdK‡ni Ávb jvf K‡ib| wZwb Beb wknve Avh-hyn&ixi wbKU `xN© mgq nv`xm I gvMvhx Aa¨qb K‡ib| Bgvg gvwjK (in.) Bgvg PZzó‡qi g‡a¨ GKRb eo gynvwÏm I wdKvnwe` wQ‡jb| wZwb g`xbvq cÖvq 50 eQi a‡i nv`xm I wdK‡ni Aa¨vcbvq wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| Bgvg gvwjK (in.) `xN© 40 eQi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg I mvabvi gva¨‡g cÖvq GK jÿ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i `k nvRvi nv`xm wbev©Pb K‡ib| Gici wZwb Zvui bxwZgvjvi gvb`‡Ð D³ `k nvRvi nv`xm‡K cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i gvÎ GK nvRvi mvZkZ KzwowU nv`xm wbev©Pb K‡i Zvui Abb¨ KxwZ© ÔAvj-gyqvËvÕ msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg gvwjK (in.) mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY Ges nv`xm msKj‡b †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib, Zv wb¤œiƒct

GK. nv`xm MÖnY I eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î mb‡ì ewjôZv I gZ‡bi e ‘wbôZv hvPvB Ki‡Zb Bgvg gvwjK (in.)|

`yB. Bgvg gvwjK (in.) mr, b¨vq-wbôvevb, mZëv`x, Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Zi c~Y© Abymvix, mnxn AvKx`vi AwaKvix e¨w³‡ì nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wkóvPvi weewR©Z, we`ÔAvZx Ges `ye©j ¯§„wZkw³m¤úbœ eY©bvKvixi wbKU †_‡K †Kvb nv`xmB MÖnY K‡ibwb|

Bgvg Avngv` Beb nv¤j (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j (in.) 164 wnRix‡Z evM`v‡` Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib35 Ges 241 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui cÖK…Z bvg Avngv`, Dcbvg Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn| Zvui c~Y© eskµg n‡jv, Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn Avngv` Beb gynv¤§` Beb wnjvj Beb Avmv` Beb Bìxm Avm-my ~mx Avk-kvqevbx Avh-hynjx|36 Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j mgKvjxb L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm‡ì wbKU nv`xm wkÿv K‡ib| wZwb K‚dv, g°v, g`xbv, emiv, wmwiqv, Bqvgvb I Rvhxivn cÖf…wZ AÂj cwiågY K‡i AmsL¨ nv`xm msMÖn K‡ib|37 wZwb Zvui msM„nxZ mv‡o mvZ jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i wÎk nvRvi nv`xm wbev©Pb K‡i ÔAvj-gymbv`Õ bvgK nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Zvui g„Zzï ci Zvui cy‡Îi ms‡hvR‡bi d‡j †kl ch©šÍ G MÖ‡š’ nv`x‡mi msL¨v `vuwo‡q‡Q Pwjøk nvRvi|38 Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I nv`xm msKj‡b †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib Zv wb¤œiƒct

GK. Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j mb‡ì Pzj‡Piv we‡kølY K‡i nv`xm msKjb K‡ib|

34. wgiAvZzj wRbvb, 1g LÐ, c„. 373; Avj-we`vqvn Iqvb wbnvqvn, 10g LÐ, c„. 174; wgdZvûm mvÔAv`vn, 2q LÐ, c„. 12; Avj-Avbmve, 1g LÐ, c„. 287; Avi-wimvjvZzj gymZvZivdvn, c„. 13; Avj-Kvwgj dxZ ZvixL, 6ô LÐ, c„. 147| 35. Kvkdzh hyybyb, 5g LÐ, c„. 48; Avj-jyeve dx Zvnixwij Avbmve, 1g LÐ, c„. 324| 36. IqvdvqvZzj ÔAvBqvb, 4_© LÐ, c„. 48; ZvixLy evM`v`, 4_© LÐ, c„. 415; Zvnhxeyj Avmgv Iqvj jyMvn, 1g LÐ, c„. 110; ZvixLy w`gv¯‹ Avj-Kexi, 2q LÐ, c„. 31| 37. ynvj Bmjvg, 2q LÐ, c„. 235; wmqviæ AvÔjvwgb byevjv, 11k LÐ, c„. 185; wgdZvûm mvÔAv`vn, 2q LÐ, c„. 98| 38. bIqve wmÏxK nvmvb Lvb, Avj-wnËvn dx whKwim wmnvn wmËvn (êiæZ: `viæj KzZzwej ÔBjwgq¨vn, 1985 Lªx.), c„. 111|

12

`yB. wZwb wZb ivex wewkó nv`xm MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ †`b| KviY gnvbex (m.) I eY©bvKvixi gaëZx© eY©bvKvixi msL¨v wZbRb n‡j nv`x‡mi weï×Zv Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e e„w× cvq|

wZb. †Kvb ivexi nv`xm mshy³ Kivi ci hw` D³ ivex A_ev Zvui ewY©Z nv`xm cÖwm× I MÖnYxq bv nIqv Aby‡gq nq Zvn‡j Bgvg Avng` Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg kvwdC (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg kvwdC (in.) 150 wnRix‡Z wmwiqvi Mvhv cÖ‡`‡k Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 204 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui bvg gynv¤§`| KzwbqvZ Avey ÔAvwãjøvn| Dcvwa bvwmiæm mybœvn| wbmeZx bvg kvwdC| Zvi c~Y© eskµg n‡jv, gynv¤§` Beb Bìxm Beb ÔAveŸvm Beb ÔImgvb Beb kvwdC Beb mvwqe Beb IevB` Avj-KzivBkx Avj-nv‡kgx Avj-gyËvwjex|39 Bgvg kvwdC (in.) gvÎ mvZ eQi eq‡mB cweÎ KziAvb gRx` wndh K‡ib Ges `k eQi eq‡m Bgvg gvwj‡Ki ÔgyÕqvËvÕ gyL¯’ K‡ib| Bgvg kvwdC (in.) mgKvjxb nv`x‡mi cÖwm× †K› ªmg~n cwiågY K‡ib Ges L¨vZbvgv gynvwÏm‡ì wbKU nv`xm Aa¨qb K‡i nv`xm wel‡q Mfxi Ávb AR©b K‡ib| wZwb nv`x‡mi weï×Zv, ye©jZv, Bjgyi wiRvj, Bjgyj Rviwn IqvZ ZvÔ`xj m¤ú‡K© Af‚Zc~e© cvwÐZ¨ AR©b K‡ib| Bgvg kv‡dC (in.) 1675 wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Ôgymbv`Õ bvgK GKwU nv`x‡mi MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Ges nv`xm msKj‡b Bgvg kv‡dC (in.)-Gi Abym„„Z bxwZgvjv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. Bgvg kvwdC (in.) me©cÖ_g nv`xm hvPvB evQvB‡qi g~jbxwZ AwfÁv‡bi †MvovcËb K‡ib| cieZx©Kv‡j Zvui cÖYxZ G g~jbxwZ Ôgy Íjvûj nv`xmÕ bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| Zvui c~‡e© G ai‡bi †Kvb cwifvlv weÁvb cÖYxZ nqwb e‡j gynvwÏmiv g‡b K‡ib|40

`yB. Bgvg kvwdC kvh‡K41 nv`xm g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| †h Kvi‡Y wZwb kvh nv`xm MÖnY K‡ibwb|

wZb. nv`xm MÖn‡Y wZwb mb‡ì Awew”QbœZv‡K kZ© wn‡m‡e Av‡ivc K‡ib| A_©vr wZwb mb` wew”Qbœ nv`xm MÖnY K‡ibwb|

Pvi. wZwb ivexi Pwi‡Îi Pzj‡Piv we‡kølY mv‡c‡ÿ nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY Ki‡Zb|

cvuP. Bgvg kvwdC gyimvj nv`xm42 MÖnY Ki‡Zb bv| Zvui g‡Z nv`x‡mi weï×Zvi Rb¨ mb‡ì ewjôZv AwZkq Riæix| ZvB †Kvb eY©bvKvix Bimvj Ki‡j Zvui ewY©Z D³ nv`xm KLbI MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY wZwb hw` Zvi DaŸ©Zb kvqL‡K ev` w`‡q nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zvn‡j wZwb nv`x‡mi g~j fv‡lï e¨vcv‡iI †ni‡di Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

Bgvg eyLvix (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg eyLvix (in.) AveŸvmxq Ljxdv Avj-Avgxb-Gi kvmbvg‡j 194 wnRix mv‡j eyLvivq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 256 wnRix‡Z mgiK›` †_‡K 2 dvimvL `~‡i ÔLiZsKÕ bvgK ’v‡b g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|

39. ZvixLy evM`v`, 2q LÐ, c„. 56; Avb-byh~gyh hvwnivn, 2q LÐ, c„. 176; IqvdvqvZzj AvBqvb, 4_© LÐ, c„. 163| 40. Avãyj MYx Av`-`vKvi, Avj-Bgvgyk kvwdC (`vwg¯‹: `viæj Kjg, 2005 Lªx.), c„. 207| 41 42

13

Zvui bvg gynv¤§`| Dcbvg Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn| Zvui c~Y© esk ci¤úiv n‡jv, gynv¤§` Beb BmgvCj Beb Beivnxg Beb gyMxivn Beb eviw`hevn Avj-eyLvix Avj-RyÔdx| wnRix Z…Zxq kZ‡K †h mKj gynvwÏm‡ì AK¬všÍ cwikÖ‡g nv`xm kv¯¿ mev©‡cÿv DbœwZ, AMÖMwZ, cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Bgvg eyLvix (in.) wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i nv`xm kv‡¯¿i nvwdh, nv`x‡mi ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ, ÔAvwe`, hvwn`, dKxn, BwZnvm I mb` m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ| nv`xm kv‡ ¿ AMva cvwÐZ¨ I Pig cvi½gZvi Kvi‡Y wZwb nv`x‡mi wek¦wekÖæZ I AcÖwZØ›Øx Bgvg wn‡m‡e L¨vwZjvf K‡ib| evj¨Kvj †_‡K nv`x‡mi cÖwZ Zvui AbyivM I A`g¨ ¯ú„nv Zvu‡K nv`x‡mi gnv ghv© vevb Bgv‡gi Avm‡b Awfwl³ K‡i‡Q| `xN© †lvj eQi a‡i ZrKvjxb Bmjvgx we‡k¦i wewfbœ AÂj ågY K‡i yM©g I wMwimsKzj c_ AwZµg K‡i wZwb Qq jÿ nv`xm msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb|43 Qq jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 7275 wU (cybiæw³ mn) ev 2761 wU (cybiæw³ e¨ZxZ) nv`xm wb‡q mnxn eyLvix msKjb K‡ib| Avj-BivKx e‡jb, -GKgvÎ mnxn nv`xm m¤wjZ MÖš’ me©cÖ_g iPbv K‡ib Bgvg gynv¤§` eyLvix (in.)|44 Bgvg eyLvix (in.) mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b KwZcq kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ib| Gme k‡Z© †hme nv`xm DËxY© n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡KB wZwb mnxn nv`xm g‡b K‡ib Ges Zvui MÖ‡š’ msKjb K‡ib| mnxn eyLvix msKjb Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡q Bgvg eyLvix (in.) †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. nv`x‡mi mb` gyËvwmj (avivevwnK) n‡Z n‡e| A_v©r mb‡ì †Kvb Ask †_‡K †Kvb ivexi bvg ev` hv‡e bv|

`yB. eY©bvKvix‡K gymwjg, mZëv`x n‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡K gy`vwjøm45 I gyLZvwjZ46 nIqv Pj‡e bv|

wZb. eY©bvKvix‡K b¨vqcivqY (ÔAv‡`j), msiÿYKvix, ¯§„wZkw³ m¤úbœ, Ávbx, Aí fzjKvix, mwVK AvKx`vi AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|

Pvi. eY©bvKvix I Zvui kvqL‡K ÔAv‡`j n‡Z n‡e|

cvuP. eY©bvKvix dvwmK I we`ÔAvZx bv nIqv|

Qq. eY©bvKvix I Zvui kvqL‡K GKB hy‡Mi n‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mvÿvr n‡Z n‡e|47

Bgvg gymwjg (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Biv‡bi †Lvivmvb cÖ‡`‡ki bvqkvcyi bvgK ’v‡b 202 wnRix48, gZvšÍ‡i 206 wnRix‡Z Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib49 Ges 261 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui bvg gymwjg, Dcbvg Ave~j

43. whivKjv, Avj-AvÔjvg, 6ô LÐ (êiæZ: `viæj ÔBjg wjj gvjvBCb, 1997 Lªx.), c„. 34| 44. nvwdh mvLvfx, dvZûj-gyMxm, 1g LÐ, c„. 27-28| 45

46

47. W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, Avm-wmnvn Avm-wmËvn cwiwPwZ I chv©‡jvPbv (ivRkvnx: Avj-gvKZvevZzk kvwdqv, 2002 Bs), 52|

14

ûmvBb, Dcvwa ÔAvmvwKiæÏxb| Bgvg gymwjg (in.)-Gi esk ci¤úiv n‡jv, gymwjg Bebyj nv¾vR Beb gymwjg Beb Iqvi` Beb Kzkvh50 Avj-KzkvBix Avb-bvBmvcyix| Bgvg gymwjg (in.) ÿYRb¥v GK gnvcyiæl| wZwb wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xmkv‡ ¿i GK Abb¨ e¨w³Z¡ Ges nv`xm mgv‡jvPbv I wiRvj-kv‡¯¿i GK AwfÁ cwÐZ| wZwb wQ‡jb nv`x‡mi nvwdh, û¾vn Ges wek¦ Í nv`xm eY©bvKvix| wZwb Bgvg eyLvixmn ZrKvjxb A‡bK eo eo gynvwÏm‡ì KvQ †_‡K nv`xm wkÿv K‡ib| wZwb eû MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv| Zvui msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’ Òmnxn gymwjgÓ mgMÖ D¤§vn KZ…©K mgv „Z I weï× nv`xm MÖš’ wn‡m‡e ¯xK…Z| Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Zvui ¯xq I Ív`‡ì wbKU †_‡K kÖæZ wZb jÿ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 4,000 (cybiæw³ e¨ZxZ) nv`xm wb‡q `xN© 15 eQi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg, mvabv I M‡elYv K‡i Ômnxn gymwjgÕ MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| mnxn gymwjg msKjb Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg gymwjg (in.) Gi bxwZgvjv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. wZwb †Kej †m mKj nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb hv gnvbex (m.) †_‡K Awew”Qbœ eY©bv ci¤úivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G chv©‡q wZwb ivex‡ì wZbwU Íi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_g ¯Íi: wZwb Ggb me nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, hv Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡mi Zzjbvq AwaKZi ÎæwUgy³ I wbivc`| †Kbbv G †kÖYxi nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvixiv nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î weï× eY©bv Ges `„pfv‡e nv`xm gyL ’ Kivi AwaKvix| Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`x‡m eo iK‡gi †Kvb gZv‰bK¨ wKsev gvivZ¥K ai‡bi Miwgj †bB|51 wØZxq Íi: GB Í‡ii eY©bvKvixiv gyL ’kw³ I „pZvi ¸‡Y cÖ_g †kÖYxi eY©bvKvix‡ì b¨vq ¸YvwšZ bq| Avi hwÌ Zviv DwjøwLZ ¸Yvejxi w`K w`‡q cÖ_g Í‡ii eY©bvKvix‡ì A‡cÿv wb¤œ Í‡ii; wKš‘ cÖKv‡k¨ Zviv ‡`vlgy³ I ÎæwUnxb| Z…Zxq ¯Íi: †h mKj nv`xm eY©bvKvix AwaKvsk gynvwÏm‡ì „wó‡Z Awfhy³, Bgvg gymwjg Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY K‡ibwb| Abyiƒcfv‡e †h mKj eY©bvKvixi ewY©Z AwaKvsk nv`xm gybKvi I Aï× nIqvi cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì nv`xmI MÖnY K‡ibwb| †Kvb ivexi nv`xm gybKvi nIqvi wb`k©b n‡jv, Zvi wiIqvqvZ wbg©j ¯§„wZ kw³i AwaKvix I me©Rbgvb¨ Ab¨ †Kvb ivexi wiIqvqv‡Zi mvg‡b Dc¯’vwcZ n‡j GwU Zvi wiIqv‡q‡Zi cwicš’x nq| D³ ivexi AwaKvsk nv`x‡mi Ae ’v hLb Giƒc mve¨¯Í nq ZLb Zvui nv`xm ewR©Z n‡e|52

`yB. †h mKj eY©bvKvix wb‡R‡ì‡K gynvwÏm wn‡m‡e cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Ges Zvu‡ì A‡b‡KB ye©j I gybKvi wiIqvqvZmg~n eR©‡b ÎæwU K‡i‡Qb, GgbwK mZZv I Avgvb‡Zi ¸‡Y L¨vZ, wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex‡ì KZ…©K ewY©Z cÖwm× I weï× nv`xmmg~n eY©bv Kivi g‡a¨ mxgve× _vKv cwinvi K‡i‡Qb, A_P Zvuiv G wel‡q AeMZ Av‡Qb, Bgvg gymwjg Zv‡ì †Kvb wiIqvqvZB MÖnY K‡ibwb|53

48. Beb Kvmxi, RvwgÔDj-gvmvbx`, 1g LÐ, c„. 89; wgwb AvÔjvwgj nvhvivwZj-Bmjvwgqvn, c„. 52; ZvRyZ Zzivwmj Avivex, 1g LÐ, c„. 263| 49. RvwgÔDj Dm~j, 1g LÐ, c„. 184| 50. W. nvwg` Beb bvwmi Av`- yLvBj, wgb AvÔjvwgj-nvhvivwZj-Bmjvwgqvn, c„. 51; bIqve wmwÏK nvmvb Lvb, Avj-wnËvn, c„. 247| 51. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 11| 52. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 5-6| 53. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 6|

15

wZb. nv`x‡mi Drm mnxn nIqvi e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ nIqv, eY©bvKvix we`ÔAvZx bv nIqv, c~Y© ¯§„wZ-kw³i AwaKvix nIqv, AvgvbZ`vix, mZëv`x I b¨vqcivqY nIqvi welqwU mywbwðZfv‡e AeMZ nIqvi ci Bgvg gymwjg nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|

Pvi. nv`x‡mi wiIqvqvZ I mvÿ¨ cÖ vb MÖnYxq nIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb k‡Z©i wgj bv _vK‡jI AwaKvsk k‡Z© Df‡qi g‡a¨ wgj Av‡Q, GgZve¯’vq †hLv‡b hvi mvÿ¨ cÖ vb MÖnYxq bq, †mLv‡b Zvi wiIqvqvZI MÖnYxq n‡e bv| ZvB mvÿ¨ cÖ vb MÖnYxq bv nIqvi `jxjB wiIqvqvZ MÖnYxq bv nIqvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e h‡_ó|54

cvuP. nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡K Aek¨B gymwjg, we‡eKevb, cÖvß eq¯‹, b¨vqcivqY, kvjxb I c~Y© ¯§„wZkw³i AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e|55

Qq. nv`x‡mi mb‡` فالن عن فالن DwjøwLZ n‡j Ges Df‡q GKB hy‡Mi †jvK; wKš‘ GKRb Aci R‡bi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q wK bv Ges mivmwi nv`xm eY©bv K‡i‡Qb wK bv Zv mywbwðZfv‡e Rvbv bv _vK‡j عنعنة c×wZ‡Z Giƒc wiIqvqvZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|56

mvZ. †Kvb eY©bvKvix ïay GKv †Kvb nv`xm eY©bv Ki‡j D³ nv`xm MÖnYxq nIqvi Rb¨ mswkøó wel‡q ÔAvwjg‡ì bxwZm¤§Z n‡Z n‡e| A_v©r D³ nv`xm eY©bvKvix Avnjyj ÔBjg I cÖLi ¯§„wZkw³i AwaKvix n‡Z n‡e Ges Aci wbf©i‡hvM¨ eY©bvKvix‡ì mv‡_ nv`xm eY©bvq kixK _vK‡Z n‡e| GgbwK Zvui nv`xm eY©bvi mv‡_ Acivci eY©bvKvix‡ì mvgÄm¨Zv AZxe cÖ‡qvRb; wKš‘ †m eY©bvKvix cieZx©‡Z Ggb wKQz AwZwi³ welq eY©bv K‡i hv Zvi wbf©i‡hvM¨ kixK ivexiv eY©bv K‡ibwb ZLb Zvi AwZwi³ eY©bv MÖnYxq n‡e bv|57

AvU. Bgvg gymwjg nv`x‡mi mb‡ì ewjôZv hvPvB‡qi gva¨‡g nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv nv`xm eY©bvKvixi wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv wePvi bv K‡i nv`xm eY©bv Kiv A_ev MÖnY Kiv ‰ea bq| KviY nv`xm ïay Ávb bq; eis `xb| myZivs Aï× nv`xm MÖnY Kiv n‡j `xb bó n‡q hv‡e|

bq. mb` ev gZ‡b cÖ”Qbœ ÎæwU _vK‡Z cvi‡e bv |58

Bgvg bvmvC (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg bvmvC (in.) 215 wnRix‡Z Lyivmvb cÖ‡`‡ki bvmv bvgK ’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib59 Ges 303 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui bvg Avng`| Dcbvg Ave~ ÔAvwãi ingvb| Zvui esk cwiµgv n‡jv, Avng` Beb ïÔAvqe Beb wmbvb Beb evni Beb `xbvi Avj-Lyivmvbx Avb-bvmvC|60 Bgvg bvmvC (in.) wQ‡jb wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi Bgvg, û¾vn, nvwdh, gynvwÏm, gydvmwmi, nv`xm

54. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 6| 55. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 6| 56. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvÏgvn, c„. 19-20| 57. mnxn gymwjg, gyKvwÏgvn, c„. 20-21| 58. Criticism of Hadith, p. 119-120; W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 59. wmqviæ AvÔjvwgb-byevjv, 14k LÐ, c„. 125| 60. kvgmyÏxb Avh-hvnvex, ZvhwKivZzj ûddvh, 2q LÐ, c„. 486|

16

mgv‡jvPK I Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q AwfÁ e¨w³| wZwb nv`xm kv‡ ¿ Ávb AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ †`k cwiågY K‡ib| wZwb ZrKvjxb hy‡M nv`xm mg„×kvjx kni¸‡jv ågY-Gi gva¨‡g nv`xm kv‡ ¿ AMva Ávb jvf K‡ib| wZwb nv`xm QvovI Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q GKvwaK MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Zvui msKwjZ I iwPZ nv`xm MÖš’ ÔAvm-mybvbÕ mev©waK cÖwmw× jvf K‡i‡Q|

Bgvg bvmvC (in.) `xN©Kvj nv`xm msMÖ‡ni ci cÖ_g ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-KzeivÕ bv‡g GKwU wekvj nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| wKš‘ G nv`xm MÖ‡š’ mnxn I `ye©j mb`hy³ Dfq cÖKv‡ii nv`xm we`¨gvb wQj| ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-KzeivÕ msKj‡bi ci ivgjvi ZrKvjxb Avgxi nv`x‡mi msKjbwU †`Lvi B”Qv †cvlY Ki‡j Bgvg bvmvC Zv Avgx‡ii mvg‡b †ck K‡ib| ZLb Avgxi Zv‡K wR‡Ám K‡ib, --------, G‡Z ewY©Z cÖwZwU nv`xm wK mnxn? Bgvg bvmvC (in.)-Gi Rev‡e e‡jb, G‡Z mnxn, nvmvb Ges G y‡Uvi KvQvKvwQ nv`xm i‡q‡Q| G‡Z Avgxi Zvu‡K e‡jb, Avcwb Avgvi Rb¨ ïay mnxn nv`xm‡K c„_K K‡i GKwU MÖš’ msKjb Kiæb| ZLb wZwb ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-KzeivÕ †_‡K ye©j mb`hy³ nv`xm¸‡jv QvUvB K‡i 5754 wU nv`xm wb‡q ÔAvm-mybvb Avm-myMivÕ msKjb K‡ib Ges Zvi bvgKiY K‡ib ÔAvj-gyRZev wgbvm-mybvbÕ (-------)|61

Bgvg bvmvC nv`xm MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î m‡ev©”P mZK©Zv Aej¤b K‡ib| wZwb nv`xm MÖn‡Y †h kZv©‡ivc K‡i‡Qb Zv wQj AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi| G cÖm‡½ gynv¤§` Ave~ hvûi e³e¨ D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jb,

-gynvwÏm‡ì „wó‡Z ÔAvj-gyRZevÕ MÖ‡š’ nv`xm msKj‡b Bgvg bvmvCi Abym„Z kZv©ejx AwaK kw³kvjx I K‡Vvi, hv mnxn Avj-eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡gi kZv©ejxi c‡iB AwaK ghv© vi AwaKvix|62

Bgvg bvmvC nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì m~²vwZm~² we‡kølY K‡ib| d‡j ¯xq Abym„Z bxwZgvjvq DËxY© nv`xm¸‡jv‡K wZwb †Kej MÖnY K‡ib| Aciw`‡K wZwb †h mg Í nv`xm cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb, †m¸‡jv Avevi Bgvg Ave~ `vD` I Bgvg wZiwghxi Av‡ivwcZ k‡Z© DËxY© n‡q‡Q|63 mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg bvmvC (in.) †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. wZwb mnxnvBb m~‡Î ewY©Z mKj nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| A_v©r Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg Av‡ivwcZ kZv©ejxi gvb`‡Ð DËxY© mKj nv`xm‡K wZwb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î nv`xm cÖwm× mvnvex †_‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ mb`mn ewY©Z n‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii eY©bvKvix‡ì wek¦ ÍZv I wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv me©m¤§Zfv‡e ¯xK…Z I cÖgvwYZ n‡Z n‡e| †Kvb Í‡ii †Kvb eY©bvKvixi wek¦ ÍZvi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi gZv‰bK¨ _vK‡e bv Ges mb`wU n‡e gyËvwmj|

`yB. nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvixiv nv`xm eY©bvq ¯xK…Z ¸Yvejxi AwaKvix n‡eb| †hgb msiÿY ÿgZv I wek¦ ÍZv we`¨gvb _vKv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Bgvg bvmvC ivex‡ì PwiÎ cy•Lvbyc•Liƒ‡c we‡kølY K‡ib|

61. wgdZvûm mybœvn, c„. 79; Avj-nv`xmyb-beex, c„. 387; W. gynv¤§` gvneyeyi ingvb, cÖv¸³, c„. 119| 62. Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏm~b, c„. 410| 63. Avj-nv`xm Iqvj gynvwÏm~b, c„. 410|

17

wZwb †h mg Í ivexi e¨vcv‡i m‡›`n †cvlY Ki‡Zb, Zv‡ì m¤ú‡K© wZwb Bw ÍLviv Ki‡Zb| G cÖm‡½ wZwb wb‡RB e‡jb, -hLb Avwg Avgvi mybvb MÖš’wU msKj‡bi msKí Kwi ZLb kvq‡Li m~‡Î ewY©Z Ggb wKQz eY©bvKvixi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi AšÍ‡i m‡›`‡ni D‡ ªK n‡j Avwg Zv‡ì wel‡q Avjøvni Kv‡Q Bw ÍLviv KiZvg| †m Abyhvqx †h nv`xm¸‡jv mnxn g‡b n‡Zv †m¸‡jv MÖnY Kwi Ges Aewkó¸‡jv eR©b Kwi|64

wZb. †h mKj nv`xm gynvwÏm‡ì HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z cwiZ¨vR¨ nqwb wKš‘ nv`xm¸‡jvi mb` gyËvwmj Zvn‡j Zv mnxn wn‡m‡e MY¨| Bgvg bvmvC (in.) G k‡Z©i gva¨‡g cÖ‡Z¨KwU nv`x‡mi mb` gyËvwmj nIqvi kZv©‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| mb‡ì wew”QbœZv A_ev Aw ’wZkxjZv we`¨gvb _vK‡j wZwb †mme nv`xm cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Qb|

Pvi. nv`xm eY©bvKvixi PZz_© chv©‡qi ivex‡ì g‡a¨ DËg eY©bvKvixi K_v‡K cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g MÖnY| eY©bvKvix‡ì G Í‡i A‡bK ivex i‡q‡Qb hv‡ì b¨vqcivqYZv, wek¦ ÍZv I msiÿY ÿgZv m¤ú‡K© gynvwÏmiv AvcwË Zz‡jbwb| wZwb ïay Zv‡ìB nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|

cvuP. eY©bvKvix ye©j n‡jI mnxn nv`x‡mi m~‡Î Aci eY©bvq Zvi mg_©b cvIqv †M‡j Zvi nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨|

Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (in.) 202 wnRix‡Z wmwR¯Ív‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib65 Ges 275 wnRix‡Z emivq BwšÍKvj K‡ib|66 Zvui bvg myjvqgvb, Dcbvg Ave~ `vD`| Zvui esk cwiµgv n‡jv, myjvqgvb Bebyj AvkÔAvm Beb BmnvK Beb ekxi Beb kvÏv` Beb ÔAvgi Beb ÔBgivb| Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (in.) wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi GKRb weL¨vZ gynvwÏm| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i nv`x‡mi Bgvg, nvwdh, mgv‡jvPK, û¾vn, gynvwÏm, gydvmwmi, dKxn, kvqLym-mybœvn I Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ wel‡q AwfÁ| wZwb AmsL¨ wkÿ‡Ki wbKU nv`xm wkÿv jvf K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb †Lv`vfxiæ, ÔAvwe` I Rvwn` e¨w³| nv`xm A‡šl‡Yi Rb¨ wZwb wewfbœ †`k cwiågY K‡i nv`xm kv‡ ¿ AMva Ávb jvf K‡ib| gynvwÏm gynv¤§` Beb BmnvK Avm-mvMvbx e‡jb, nhiZ `vD` (Av.)-Gi Rb¨ †jvnv‡K †hgb big I mnR K‡i †`qv n‡qwQj, Bgvg Ave~ `vD‡ì RbÏ nv`xm‡K †Zgbfv‡e mnR K‡i †`qv nq| wZwb jÿ jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ Pvi nvRvi AvUkZ nv`xm wb‡q Zvui ÔmybvbÕ MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (in.) nv`xm MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î Z_v mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡q †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg †h mg Í k‡Z©i gva¨‡g nv`xm hvPvB evQvB cÖwµqv m¤úv`b K‡ib, Bgvg Ave~ `vDÌ GKB kZ© AbymiY K‡i‡Qb|

64. Beb Kvmxi, RvwgÔDj gvmvbx` Iqvm mybvb, gyKvÏgvn (êiæZ: `viæj wdKi, 1415 wn.), c„. 189| 65. LZxe Avj-evM`v`x, ZvixLy evM`v`, 9g LÐ, c„. 55; Beb AvmvKxi, ZvixL gv`xbvwZ w`gvkK, 22k LÐ, c„. 191| 66. Avj-we`vqvn Iqvb wbnvqvn, 11k LÐ, c„. 47; IqvdvqvZzj-AvÔBqvb, 2q LÐ, c„. 405|

18

`yB. †h mKj nv`xm gynvwÏm‡ì me©m¤§wZµ‡g cwiZ¨³ bq †m¸‡jv nv`xm gyimvj ev gybKvwZÔ bv n‡j Zv mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e MÖnYxq| Bgvg Ave~ `vD` G‡ÿ‡Î nv`x‡mi weï×Zvi Rb¨ Awew”Qbœ eY©bv ci¤úiv‡K kZv©‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| Avi mb‡ì avivevwnKZvq e¨Z¨q NU‡j D³ nv`xm wZwb MÖnY K‡ibwb|

wZb. eY©bvKvix `ye©j n‡jI Avcivci nv`x‡m Zvui ewY©Z nv`x‡mi mg_©b cvIqv †M‡j Zv mnxn wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|

Pvi. nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì Íi web¨v‡mi PZz_© chv©‡qi eY©bvKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Ggb DËg eY©bvKvix †_‡K ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e, hv‡ì Av`vjZ I weï×Zvi e¨vcv‡i cÖwm× gynvwÏm‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvbiƒc gZv‰bK¨ †bB|

Bgvg wZiwghx (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) 209 wnRix‡Z wZiwgh kn‡ii ÔeyMÕ bvgK ’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 271 wnRix‡Z BwšÍKvj K‡ib| Zvui bvg gynv¤§`| KzwbqZ Ave~ Cmv| Zvui esk cwiµgv n‡jv, gynv¤§` Beb Cmv Beb mvIivn Beb g~mv Beb `vn&nvK Avm-myjvgx Avj-eyMx AvZ-wZiwghx| †h mKj cÖvZ:¯§iYxq gynvwÏm Zvu‡ì cÖwZfv`xß Rxeb Ges Awe¯§iYxq Ae`v‡bi gva¨‡g gymwjg D¤§vni w`Kwb‡ ©kK wn‡m‡e cÖwm× Ave~ Cmv gynv¤§` Beb Cmv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| wZwb wQ‡jb nv`x‡mi nvwdh, wek¦ Í ivex, L¨vZbvgv mgv‡jvPK, Zxÿè ¯§iYkw³ m¤úbœ, nv`x‡mi ‡`vl-ÎæwU m¤ú‡K© AwfÁ, wdKn kv ¿we` Ges wewfbœ gvhnve m¤ú‡K© Mfxi Áv‡bi AwaKvix| wZwb nv`xm Avni‡Y ZrKvjxb hy‡Mi nv`xmmg„× ¯’vbmg~n cwiågY K‡i nv`x‡mi weivU m¤¢vi M‡o †Zv‡jb| hyM‡kÖô gynvwÏmiv wQ‡jb Zvui kvqL| nv`xmkv‡¯¿i wewfbœ kvLvq Zvui ÿziavi wjLbx cwiPvwjZ nq Ges Zvui Gme msKj‡b nv`xmkv ¿ mg„× nq| e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb AwZ D”Pgv‡bi ÔAvwe` I hvwn`| Zvui iwPZ ÔAvj-RvwgÔÕ mKj Í‡ii cvV‡Ki Rb¨ GK AwZ Kj¨vYKi I mnR‡eva¨ MÖš’| G MÖš’ msKjb Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. Bgvg wZiwghx nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg Ave~ `vD‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Aej¤b K‡ib|

`yB. Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg †h mg¯Í nv`xm‡K mnxn e‡j‡Qb †m¸‡jv weï× wn‡m‡e MÖnYxq|

wZb. mgv‡jvwPZ eY©bvKvix‡ì mgv‡jvPbvmg~n wePvi-we‡kølYc~e©K Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨|

Pvi. nv`xm mgv‡jvPbv weÁv‡bi wbwi‡L eY©bvKvixi PwiÎ we‡kølYc~e©K Bgvg Ave~ `vD` I Bgvg bvmvC †h mg¯Í nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv mnxn nv`x‡mi chv©qf‚³|

cvuP. cÖwm× dKxniv †h mg Í nv`x‡mi Ici Avgj K‡i‡Qb †m¸‡jv MÖnY‡hvM¨|

Qq. †h mg Í eY©bvKvixi ewY©Z nv`xmmg~‡ni mgv‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges H¸‡jvi weï×ZvI cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, Zv‡ì ewY©Z nv`xmmg~n MÖnY‡hvM¨|

mvZ. hw` ye©j nv`x‡mi mg_©‡b Acivci ÎæwUgy³ nv`xm _v‡K, Zvn‡j ZvI MÖnY‡hvM¨|

19

Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) 209 wnRix‡Z Biv‡Ki Kvhfxb bvgK RvqMvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib67 Ges 273 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|68 Zvui bvg gynv¤§`| Dcbvg Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn| Zvui esk ciµgv n‡jv, gynv¤§` Beb Bqvhx` Beb ÔAvwãjøvn Avi-ieqx Avj-Kvhfxbx| wZwb Beb gvRvn bv‡gB mgwaK cwiwPZ| Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi GK Abb¨ mvaviY gynvwÏm| wZwb wQ‡jb GKvav‡i Bgvg, nvwdh, û¾vn-bvwK` I wiRvjkv‡¯¿i GKRb mgv‡jvPK| wZwb nv`xmkv‡ ¿i ÁvbR©b I nv`xm msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ ZrKvjxb hy‡Mi cÖwm× ’vbmg~n cwiågY K‡ib| Zvui kvqLMY wQ‡jb ¯xq hy‡M cÖwm× nvwdh I gynvwÏm| Bgvg Beby gvRvn (in.) jÿvwaK nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i cÖvq Pvi nvRvi nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g ¯xq Ômybvb MÖš’Õ iPbv K‡ib| wZwb nv`xm MÖnY I hvPvB evQvB‡qi †ÿ‡Î †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. ivex‡K Aek¨B mnxn AvKx`vi Abymvix, Avè-wkóvPv‡ii AwaKvix I b¨vqcivqY n‡Z n‡e|

`yB. ivex Aek¨B dvwmK I we`ÔAvZx n‡e bv|

wZb. ivex‡ì wek¦ ÍZv I †`vl-¸Y we‡kølYc~e©K nv`xm MÖnYxq|

Pvi. mb‡ì ewjôZv Øviv cÖgvY cvIqv †M‡j Aci eY©bvm~‡Î wew”QbœZv †`Lv w`‡jI Zv AvcvZZ: MÖnY‡hvM¨|

cvuP. eyLvix I gymwj‡gi m~‡Î ewY©Z mKj nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨|

Qq. L¨vZbvgv ÔAvwjg I dKxniv †h mg Í nv`x‡mi Ici ÔAvgj K‡i‡Qb †mme nv`xm MÖnY‡hvM¨|

mvZ. PZz_© ch©v‡qi nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì g‡a¨ DËg eY©bvKvix‡ì †_‡K ewY©Z †hme nv`xm cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn wn‡m‡e cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, †mme nv`xmI MÖnY‡hvM¨|

AvU. ye©j nv`xm Acivci mnxn nv`xm Øviv mgw_©Z n‡j Zv mvaviYfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨|

Bgvg Avj nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix (in.) 321 wnRix‡Z bvqmvcy‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib69 Ges 405 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui bvg gynv¤§`, Dcbvg Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn| Zvui esk ciµgv n‡jv, Ave~ ÔAvwãjøvn gynv¤§` Beb ÔAvwãjøvn Beb gynv¤§` Beb nvg ~Bq¨vn Beb gyÔAvBm Beb nvKvg Av`-`veŸx AvZ-Zvngvbx Avb-bvqmvcyix| 70 Bgvg nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix bq eQi eq‡m nv`x‡mi cÖv_wgK Ávb jvf K‡ib| wZwb wek eQi eq‡m DcbxZ n‡j D”P wkÿv jv‡fi Avkvq BivK ågY K‡ib| wZwb nvRvi nvRvi D Ív‡ì wbKU †_‡K nv`x‡mi Ávb AvniY K‡ib| Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg

67. wmqviæ AvÔjvwgb-byevjv, 13k LÐ, c„. 277; ZvhwKivZzj ûd&dvh, 2q LÐ, c„. 636; RvwgÔDj gvmvwb` Iqvm-mybvb, c„. 111| 68. Bebyj-RvIhx, Avj-gybZvhvg, 7g LÐ, c„. 209; Avj-we`vqvn Iqvb-wbnvqvn, 11k LÐ, c„. 44| 69. Avi-wimvjvZzj gy¯ÍvZivdvn, c„. 21; ZvixLy evM`v`, 5g LÐ, c„. 473| 70. Avj-jyeve, 1g LÐ, c„. 198; IqvdvqvZzj AvÔBqvb, 4_© LÐ, c„. 280; ZvevKvZzk kvwdÔCq¨vn Avj-Kzeiv, 4_© LÐ, c„. 155; ZvixLy evM`v`, 5g LÐ, c„. 473|

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nv`xmkv‡¯¿ cÖf‚Z Áv‡bi AwaKvix wQ‡jb| Bgvg Avj nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix (in.) ÔAvj-gymZvìvKÕ bvgK nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg ÔAvj-gymZvìvKÕ msKj‡b †h bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. wZwb nv`xm msKj‡b c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib|

`yB. Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwjg ¯xq MÖ‡š’i K‡jei e„w×i AvksKvq A‡bK nv`xm Zv‡ì Abym„Z kZv©ejxi AvIZvfz³ nIqv m‡Ë¡I nv`xm¸‡jv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg Zvu‡ì cwiZ¨vR¨ nv`xmmg~n hvPvB evQvB K‡i G¸‡jvi mgš‡q ÔAvj-gymZvìvKÕ bvgK g~jëvb MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib|

kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.)-Gi Abym„Z bxwZgvjv kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.) 1332 wnRix (1914 Lªx.) m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 1420 wnRix (1999 Lªx.) g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib|71 kvqL Avj-Avjevbx wesk kZvãx‡Z nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm msKj‡b GK Af‚Zc~e© Ae`vb iv‡Lb| kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx ÔwmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xm Avm-mnxnvnÕ bvgK GKwU mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjb iPbv K‡ib| ZvQvov wZwb ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-AvievÔAvnÕmn Av‡iv KwZcq nv`xmMÖ‡š’i mnxn I hCd nv`xm c„_K K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi c„_K msKjb iPbv K‡ib| m‡ev©cwi hCd I gI`~Ô nv`x‡mi mwbœ‡e‡k ÔwmjvwmjvZzj Avnv`xm Avh-hCdvn Iqvj gvI ~ÔAvnÕ bvgK GKwU msKjb iPbv K‡ib| Gme msKjb iPbvq Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y wZwb g~jZ c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb| mybvbyb bvmvCi weL¨vZ fvl¨Kvi kvqL gynv¤§` ÔAvjx Av`g Avj-AvwQDex e‡jb,

-nv`x‡mi mnxn I hCd wbiƒc‡Y kvqL Avj-Avjevbxi wQj AMva cvwÐZ¨| Zvui iwPZ MÖš’vejx Gi D¾¡j cÖgvY enb K‡i| G hy‡M cvi`wk©Zvi w`K w`‡q Zvui wbKUZg e¨w³ KgB Av‡Qb, whwb GB kv‡ ¿ AÁvZ welq‡K Rvbvi Rb¨ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z cv‡ib|72 kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.) mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I mnxn nv`xm msKjb iPbvq †h bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

GK. kvqL Avj-Avjevbx (in.) cÖwZwU nv`xm D‡jøL K‡i cÖ_‡gB ms‡ÿ‡c nv`xmwUi ûKzg wea„Z K‡ib| AZci nv`xmwUi Drm wb‡ ©k K‡ib| A_v©r nv`xmwU †Kvb †Kvb MÖ‡š’ i‡q‡Q ev eëüZ n‡q‡Q, Zv D‡jøL K‡ib| nv`xmwUi mg_©‡b wKsev AvswkK kvwãK cwieZ©‡b †h mKj nv`xm cvIqv hvq, ZvI wZwb D‡jøL K‡ib| nv`xmwUi gZb Kg-‡ewk n‡j Zvi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK chv©‡jvPbv Dc ’vcb K‡ib Ges †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡mi mb` m¤ú‡K© KL‡bv ev e¨vcK Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb|

`yB. gv‡S g‡a¨ wZwb nv`x‡m ewY©Z y‡ev©a¨ kã Ges nv`x‡m DwjøwLZ wewfbœ RvqMvi cwiwPwZ I e¨vL¨v ‡Zv‡j a‡i‡Qb|

71. W. †gv: wgRvbyi ingvb, wesk kZvãxi wek¦bw›`Z nv`xmwekvi` kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.) (XvKv: AvwZdv cvewj‡KkÝ, 2016 Lªx.), c„. 72. Avk-kvqevbx, nvqvZzj Avjevbx, 1g LÐ, c„. 48|

21

wZb. Zvui MÖ‡š’ †Kvb GKwU nv`x‡mi GKB gZ‡bi GKvwaK fve-e¨Äbv ‡Zv‡j a‡i‡Qb| Avevi nv`xmwUi GKvwaK mbÌ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges †mBmv‡_ mb`wUi DrmI wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb| KL‡bv ev Zvui we‡ePbv g‡Z GKwU mb`‡K Ab¨wUi Ici cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb|

Pvi. kvqL Avj-Avjevbx (in.) cÖ‡Z¨KwU nv`xm mb`mn D‡jøL K‡ib Ges mb` m¤ú‡K© we ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv-chv©‡jvPbvi ci nv`xm †Kb mnxn ev †Kb mnxn bq, Zvi KviY ‡Zv‡j a‡ib|

cvuP. hCd I gI ~Ô nv`xm wbY©‡q AwaKvsk †ÿ‡Î G wel‡q wjwLZ c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì MÖš’vw` Drm wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î MÖš’wUi bvg ms‡ÿ‡c D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb|

Qq. nv`xmwUi e¨vcv‡i c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì gZvgZ D‡jøL Kivi ci wbR¯^ gšÍe¨ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|

mvZ. mb‡ì Av‡jvPbvi cvkvcvwk kvqL Avj-Avjevbx KL‡bv KL‡bv nv`x‡mi kãMZ I fveMZ Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv K‡i‡Qb Ges G e¨vcv‡i Zvi Avcb gšÍe¨ †Zv‡j a‡i‡Qb|

AvU. kvqL Avj-Avjevbx (in.) mb‡ì êÁvwbK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi ûKzg wba©viY K‡ib|

L. hCd I gI ~Ô nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv nv`x‡mi BgvgMY mnxn nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y KwZcq kZ© I bxwZgvjv cÖ‡qvM K‡ib| Gme kZ© I bxwZgvjvi wePv‡i †hme nv`xm DËxY© n‡q‡Q, †m nv`xm¸‡jv‡KB gynvwÏmiv mnxn nv`xm e‡j wPbwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Gme k‡Z© †hme nv`xm DËxY© nqwb, †m nv`xm¸‡jvi g‡a¨B ÎæwU-wePz¨wZi gvÎv we‡ePbvq G‡b †Kvb nv`xm‡K hCd Avevi †KvbwU‡K gI`~Ô e‡j‡Qb| G hCd I gI ~Ô nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏmiv cÖ_gZ mb`wfwËK wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| mb`MZ `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm‡K hCd wKsev AwaKZi ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y †Kvb †Kvb nv`xm‡K gI ~Ô e‡j‡Qb| G‡ÿ‡Î gZb‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡kølY Lye KgB n‡q‡Q, †hgbwU n‡q‡Q mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b|

22

mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjvi GKwU chv©‡jvPbv wnRix cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb ïiæ nq| me©cÖ_g whwb nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib, wZwb n‡jb Bgvg Beb wknve Avh-hyn&ix (in.)| Bgvg hyn&ix Zvui msM„nxZ eû nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i yB nvRvi weï× nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ K‡i Ôgymbv yh hyn&ixÕ bvgK MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY Ges nv`xm MÖnY I msKj‡b Bgvg hyn&ix (in.) mb` I gZb DfqwUB Mfxifv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿv Ki‡Zb|

wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdvn (in.) 40 nvRvi nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 1067 wU nv`xm wb‡q ÔwKZveyj AvmviÕ bvgK GKwU nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| nv`xm MÖnY I msKj‡b Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (in.) †hme kZ© I bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡Z GwU mn‡RB Aby‡gq †h, wZwb mb` I gZb DfqwUB AwZ m~²fv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i nv`xm MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (in.) wecixZagx© e³e¨ m¤wjZ yÕwU nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ †Kvb GKwU nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z wM‡q wZwb ivexi ¸Yv¸Y‡K (wdKnx Ávb I eq‡R¨ôZv) we‡ePbvq G‡b‡Qb| e³e¨ welq bq| Zvui GKvRwU g~jZ mb`‡K› ªxK|

wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Bgvg gvwjK (in.) cÖvq GK jÿvwaK nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ GK nvRvi mvZkZ KzwowU nv`xm wb‡q ÔAvj-gyqvËvÕ bvgK Zvui Abe`¨ msKjbwU iPbv K‡ib| nv`xm MÖnY I eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î mb` I gZ‡bi h_v_©Zv hvPvB Ki‡Zb Bgvg gvwjK (in.)|

wnRix wØZxq kZvãx‡Z †hme gynvwÏm nv`xm msKjb K‡ib Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j (in.)| wZwb Zvui msM„nxZ mv‡o mvZ jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i wÎk nvRvi nv`xm wbev©Pb K‡i ÔAvj-gymbv`Õ bvgK nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤‡ji g„Zzï ci Zvi cyÎ Av‡iv `k nvRvi nv`xm ms‡hvRb K‡ib| d‡j G MÖ‡š’ nv`x‡mi msL¨v `vuwo‡q‡Q Pwjøk nvRvi| Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j (in.) nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| gZb‡K› ªxK cixÿv-wbixÿvi †Kvb bxwZgvjv cwi „ó nqwb|

wnRix wØZxq kZvãxi Av‡iKRb L¨vZbvgv nv`xm msKjK n‡jb Bgvg kvwdC (in.)| Bgvg kv‡dC (in.) 1675wU nv`xm mwbœe× K‡i Ôgymbv`Õ bv‡g GKwU nv`x‡mi MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg kv‡dC (in.) mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y †hme kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb, Zv chv©‡jvPbv Ki‡j GwU ¯úó nq †h, wZwb mb`‡K›`ªxK cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb| gZb wePvi-we‡køl‡Y mywbw ©ó †Kvb bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ibwb|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx nv`xm msKj‡bi †mvbvjx hyM| G hy‡M nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g whwb me‡PÔ ‡ewk L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib Ges hvi msKjb me‡PÔ weï× e‡j gymwjg D¤§vni wbKU m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ M„nxZ wZwb n‡jb Bgvg eyLvix (in.)| wZwb Qq jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 2761 wU (cybiæw³ e¨ZxZ) nv`xm wb‡q mnxn eyLvix msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg eyLvix (in.) nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y mb‡ì avivevwnKZv, ivex gymwjg nIqv Ges ivex gy`vwjøm I gyLZvwjZ bv nIqv kZ© wn‡m‡e Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov ivex Ges ivexi kvq‡Li mZëv`xZv, b¨vqcivqYZv I ivex‡K ¯§„wZkw³ m¤úbœ nIqv‡K Avewk¨K g‡b K‡ib| †mBmv‡_ ivex I Zvi kvqL GKB hy‡Mi n‡eb Ges Zv‡ì cvi¯úwiK mvÿvr‡K Acwinvh© K‡i‡Qb| Giƒc kZv©ejxi Av‡jv‡K Bgvg eyLvix (in.)

23

nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb| Zvui Gme kZ© g~jZ mb‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³| nv`x‡mi gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvq wZwb †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ibwb|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx †hme nv`x‡mi Bgvg nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg n‡jb Bgvg gymwjg (in.)| Bgvg gymwjg (in.) `xN© 15 eQi AK¬všÍ cwikÖg, mvabv I M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Zvui ¯xq I¯Ív`‡ì wbKU †_‡K kÖæZ wZb jÿ nv`xm †_‡K hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ 4000 nv`xm wb‡q Ômnxn gymwjgÕ MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg gymwjg (in.) †hme bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i‡Qb, Zv g~jZ mb`‡K› ªxK| Z‡e wZwb gZ‡bi ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ wb‡qI KvR K‡i‡Qb e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z †h QqRb nv`x‡mi Bgvg nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib Bgvg bvmvC (in.) Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| Bgvg bvmvC †h msKjbwU iPbv K‡ib, Zvi bvg ÔAvj-gyRZev wgbvm-mybvbÕ| Bgvg bvmvC †hme kZv©ejxi Av‡jv‡K mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY K‡ib, Zv chv©‡jvPbv Ki‡j GwU ¯úó nq †h, nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y wZwb mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| gZb‡K› ªxK †Kvbiƒc wePvi-we‡kølY K‡ibwb|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãxi nv`xm msKjK‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb Bgvg Ave~ `vD` (in.)| wZwb jÿ jÿ nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i gvÎ Pvi nvRvi AvUkZ nv`xm wb‡q Zvui ÔmybvbÕ MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| nv`xm MÖn‡Y Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y Bgvg Ave~ `vD‡ì Av‡ivwcZ kZ©mg~n chv©‡jvPbv Ki‡j GwU cwi¯‹vi nq †h, Zvui kZ©¸‡jv g~jZ mb‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³| Zvi gv‡b †KejgvÎ mb`wfwËK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g wZwb mnxn nv`xm wbY©q K‡i‡Qb| gZb‡K› ªxK †Kvb wePvi-we‡kølY K‡ibwb|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z nv`xm msKj‡b GK Abe`¨ Ae`vb iv‡Lb Bgvg wZiwghx (in.)| Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) Zvui msM„nxZ nv`xm hvPvB evQvB K‡i wZb nvRvi AvUkZ eviwU nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g wZwb Zvui ÔAvj-RvwgÔ MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Bgvg wZiwghx (in.) nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y †hme kZ©mg~n Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb, Zv mb‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³| wZwb gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvq †Kvbiƒc kZv©‡ivc K‡ibwb|

wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx‡Z nv`x‡mi RM‡Z hv‡ì Ae`vb wPi¯§iYxq, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.)| Bgvg Beby gvRvn (in.) jÿvwaK nv`xm hvPvB-evQvB K‡i cÖvq Pvi nvRvi nv`xm msKj‡bi gva¨‡g ¯xq Ômybvb MÖš’Õ iPbv K‡ib| Bgvg Beb gvRvn (in.) †hme kZv©ejxi Av‡jv‡K mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY K‡ib, †mme kZ©mg~n g~jZ ivex ev eY©bvKvix Z_v mb‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³| gZb hvPvB-evQvB Kivi †ÿ‡Î wZwb †Kvb kZ© Av‡ivc K‡ibwb|

wnRix PZz_© kZvãx‡Z †hme Bgvg nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡jb Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix (in.)| Bgvg Avj nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix (in.) ÔAvj-gymZvìvKÕ bvgK nv`xm MÖš’ msKjb K‡ib| Bgvg Avj-nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib| A_v©r mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbY©q K‡ib| gZb‡K›`ªxK †Kvb cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv nqwb| Bgvg Avj nv‡Kg Avb-bvqmvcyix g~jZ Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwj‡gi cwiZ¨vR¨ nv`x‡mi mgš‡q ÔAvj-gymZvìvKÕ

24

bvgK MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| gynvwÏm Bebym mvjvn e‡jb, Bgvg eyLvix I Bgvg gymwj‡gi cwiZ¨vR¨ †h mg¯Í nv`x‡mi mgš‡q Bgvg nv‡Kg msKjb K‡ib Gi AwaKvsk nv`xm wQj mgv‡jvwPZ|73 nvwdh kvgmyÏxb Avh-hvnvex e‡jb, G MÖ‡š’i Aav©sk nv`xmB mnxn m~‡Î ewY©Z| Avi Aewkó gybKvi I ye©j nv`xm, †h¸‡jv weï× bq| GQvov G‡Z wKQz gI ~Ô nv`xmI i‡q‡Q|74

wesk kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm kvqL bvwmiæÏxb Avj-Avjevbx (in.)| wZwb c~e©eZx© gynvwÏm‡ì bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡i mb‡ì Dci weÁvbwfwËK M‡elYvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q K‡ib| hwÌ †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi AeZviYv K‡ib G D‡Ï‡k¨ †h, e³e¨ welqwU †hb AwaKZi ¯úó nq|

mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Ges nv`xm msKj‡b cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm I nv`xm msKjK‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv I c×wZ m~²fv‡e chv©‡jvPbv Kivi ci GwU ¯úó nq †h, Bgvg Beb wknve Avh-hynix, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (in.) I Bgvg gvwjK (in.) mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb` I gZb DfqwU mgfv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿv Ki‡jI Bgvg Avng` Beb nv¤j, Bgvg kv‡dC (in.), Bgvg eyLvix (in.), Bgvg gymwjg (in.), Bgvg bvmvC (in.), Bgvg Ave~ `vD`, Bgvg wZiwghx, Bgvg Beb gvRvnmn A‡bK gynvwÏm mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb`‡K› ªxK cixÿv-wbixÿv ev wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| gZb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvi KwZcq bxwZgvjv mvg‡b _vK‡jI mb` cixÿv-wbixÿvi cvkvcvwk mg¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ h_v_© A‡_© gZb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY K‡ibwb|

nv`xm msKj‡bi cwimsL¨vb wPšÍv Ki‡j GwU ¯úó nq †h, Bgvg Beb wknve Avh-hynix mb` I gZb hvPvB evQvB K‡i Zvui Ôgymbv yh hynixÕ‡Z gvÎ `yB nvRvi nv`xm, Bgvg Ave~ nvbxdv (in.) Zvui ÔwKZveyj Avmv‡iÕ gvÎ 1067 wU nv`xm Ges Bgvg gvwjK (in.) Zvui iwPZ ÔgyqvËvÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ GK nvRvi mvZkZ KzwowU nv`xm msKjb K‡ib| DcwiD³ G wZbRb Bgv‡gi msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’mg~‡n cÖvq Pvi mn¯ªvwaK nv`x‡mi mwbœ‡ek i‡q‡Q| G nv`xm¸‡jvi mb` I gZb DfqwU cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i nv`x‡mi gvbMZ Ae ’vb wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q| ejv cÖ‡qvRb, G wZbRb Bgv‡gi c‡i hZ nv`xm msKwjZ n‡q‡Q, Zvi wmsnfvM nv`x‡mi gvbMZ Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kej mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g| myZivs GK_v mn‡RB ejv hvq †h, †ewkifvM nv`x‡mi gvb wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q mb`‡K›`ªƒxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g| Gme nv`x‡mi gvbMZ Ae ’vb wbiƒc‡Y gZb‡K› ªxK †Kvb wePvi-we‡kølY nqwb ev gZb‡K› ªxK †Kvb cixÿv-wbixÿv nqwb|

Z‡e gZb‡K› ªxK ‡Kvb KvR gynvwÏmiv K‡ibwb, welqwU ZvI bq| Gme nv`x‡mi †Kvb †Kvb msKjK gZb‡K we‡ePbvq †i‡L nv`xm msKjb¸‡jvi Aa¨vq, cwi‡”Q` I Aby‡”Q` wbav©iY K‡i‡Qb| †KD †KD nv`x‡mi y‡ev©a¨ kãmg~‡ni e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb, hv‡Z cvVK nv`x‡mi gg©v_© mn‡RB eyS‡Z cv‡ib| †KD ‡KD †Kvb nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K Ab¨ ‡Kvb mnxn nv`x‡mi e³e¨ w`‡q iwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Avevi †KD †KD ci¯úi we‡ivax nv`xm D‡jø‡Li gva¨‡g nv`xmweÁv‡bi bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K †Kvb GKwU nv`x‡mi e³e¨‡K mwVK Ges AciwUi e³e¨‡K mwVK bq e‡j gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq ci¯úi we‡ivax nv`x‡mi g‡a¨ mgšq Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|

73. AvÔjvgyj gynvwÏmxb, c„. 328| 74. cÖv¸³|

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†KD †KD nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq M‡elYv K‡i wdKnx gvmAvjv-gvmv‡qj cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| GiKg bvbvwea gZbwfwËK KvR K‡i‡Qb gynvwÏmiv| wKš‘ gZb‡K wbi¼zkfv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿvi †h bxwZgvjv gynvwÏmiv cÖYqb K‡i‡Qb, Zv mvg‡b †i‡L mb` I gZb Dfq‡K mg¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi msKjb iwPZ nqwb A`¨vewa| Gi GKwU eo KviY n‡jv, AwaKvsk nv`xm msKjK‡ì G wek¦vm wQj ‡h, mb` mnxn n‡j nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welqI mnxn n‡e| G K_v mZ¨ †h, mb` mnxn n‡j gZb ev e³e¨ welqI mnxn nq| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb RvqMvq Gi e¨wZµg cwijwÿZ nq| A_v©r mb` mnxn wKš‘ bvbvwea Kvi‡Y nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq mnxn bq|75 Giƒc †ÿ‡Î mb` I gZb Dfq wePv‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Ki‡j gZb ï× bq, GiKg †Kvb nv`xm mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e RvqMv cvIqvi †Kvb my‡hvM wQj bv| ZvQvov nv`xm msKj‡bi †mvbvjx hy‡M gZb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv¸‡jv wQj †gŠwLK ev AwjwLZ, hv A‡bKvs‡k wewÿß, wew”Qbœ| GKwU c~Y©v½ Aeq‡e gZb wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi bxwZgvjv nv`xm msKjK‡ì mvg‡b Dc ’vwcZ nqwb| †hgbwU mb‡ì †ÿ‡Î nqwb| ‡Kbbv nv`xm msKj‡bi †mvbvjx hy‡M mb` cixÿv-bxwiÿvi c~Yv©½ bxwZgvjv Awew”Qbœfv‡e gynvwÏm‡ì nv‡Z wQj| Z‡e gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi mywjwLZ bxwZgvjv gynvwÏm‡ì nv‡Z wQj bv|

ev¯ÍeZv n‡jv gZb ev nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvi weÁvbm¤§Z c×wZ I eûwea bxwZgvjv c~Yv©½Zv jvf K‡i gyZvKv‡Ïgxb gynvwÏm‡ì (c~e©eZx© nv`xmwekvi`) gva¨‡g nv`xmMÖš’¸‡jv msKj‡bi ci| Zvi gv‡b wnRix PZz_© I cÂg kZvãxi ci| d‡j mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gyZvKv‡Ïgxb gynvwÏme„›` mb‡ì Ici eûjvs‡k wbf©ikxj wQ‡jb| mb‡ì cvkvcvwk gZb‡K mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡e gnvb Avjøvni Acvi GK AbyMÖn ‡h, ‡Kej mb` cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g gyZvKv‡Ïgxb gynvwÏmiv †hme mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjb iPbv K‡i‡Qb, Zvi cÖvq kZfvM nv`xmi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mnxn| Avevi †hme hCd I gI ~Ô nv`x‡mi msKjb iPbv K‡i‡Qb, Zvi wmsnfvM nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq hCd ev gI ~Ô| Z‡e †Kvb ‡Kvb mb` mnxn nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq weï× bq, Avevi †Kvb †Kvb mb` hCd nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq weï× e‡j cwijwÿZ nq| hwÌ Giƒc nv`x‡mi msL¨v LyeB bMY¨| Z‡e mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏm‡ì cÖYxZ I ¯xK…Z bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K weÁvbm¤§Z M‡elYvi gva¨‡g Gme nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb DfqwU mg¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ hvPvB-evQvB K‡i nv`xm¸‡jvi h_v_© Ae¯’vb wbiƒcY Kiv m¤¢e Ges GwU LyeB cÖ‡qvRb e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi|

Av‡MB ejv n‡q‡Q †h, nv`xm msKjK‡ì mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Ges msKjb c×wZ I bxwZgvjv chv©‡jvPbvi ci GwU cÖgvwYZ nq †h, mb` I gZb Df‡qi cixÿv-wbixÿvi c~Yv©½ bxwZgvjv mvg‡b †i‡L mb` I gZb Dfq‡K mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKjb nqwb GL‡bv| AZGe mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q mb` I gZb Df‡qi cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡bi GKwU RvqMv GLbI ïb¨ i‡q‡Q| Avi †m Kvi‡YB mb` I gZb DfqwU cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm msKjb iPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb

75. mb` mnxn wKš‘ gZb mnxn bq-Giƒc wKQz nv`xm G dzU‡bv‡U D‡jøL Ki‡Z n‡e G Kvi‡Y †h, cvVK †hb eyS‡Z cv‡ib, KwZcq nv`x‡mi mb` mnxn wKš‘ bvbvwea Kvi‡Y Zvi gZb mnxn bq| myZivs Giƒc nv`xm †hb gymwjg mgv‡R nv`xm wn‡m‡e RvqMv bv cvq| KviY Aï× nv`xm RvqMv †c‡j KziAvb‡K Gme nv`x‡mi gva¨‡g Ace¨vL¨v Kiv n‡e| d‡j gymwjg D¤§vn Bmjv‡gi mwVK Avgj †_‡K ~‡i m‡i hv‡e|

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e‡j Avgiv g‡b Kwi| g~jZ mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡qi M‡elYvi Øvi D¤§y³ i‡q‡Q| G Øvi D¤§y³ _vK‡e wKqvgZ ch©šÍ| †h‡Kvb hy‡M Bjg nv`x‡mi ‡h‡Kvb we‡klÁ ev cwÐZ ev nv`x‡mi GKwbô Lvw`g nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Kivi M‡elYv cwiPvjbvi AwaKvi msiÿY K‡ib| G‡Z gynvwÏm I Ijvgv‡ì †Kvb ØxgZ †bB| Avi GwU G Kvi‡Y †h, nv`x‡mi PP©v I M‡elYv †hb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K Ges mg‡qi weeZ©‡b †hb †Kvb nv`xm gymwjg D¤§vni ga¨ †_‡K nvwi‡q bv hvq wKsev †Kvb lohš¿Kvix nxb gvbwmKZvq †hb nv`xm bq-Ggb †Kvb welq‡K nv`xm wn‡m‡e mgv‡R cÖPvi-cÖPjb Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| AZGe mb` I gZb mg¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi msKjb iPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi GwUB mg‡qi `vex| Avi G KvRwU m¤úbœ n‡j mnxn I hCd nv`xm msKj‡bi me©‡kl avcwU †kl n‡e e‡j g‡b nq| hwÌ nv`x‡mi Ici M‡elYv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e wKqvgZ ch©šÍ|

mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd wbY©q I msKjb Kiv n‡j gymwjg D¤§vn Av‡iv AwaKZi mnxn nv`xm Zv‡ì mvg‡b cv‡eb Ges mnxn nv`x‡mi Ici Zv‡ì Avgj cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| d‡j gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ nv`xm‡K› ªxK †h gZwe‡iva I gZ‰ØZZv i‡q‡Q, Zv eûjvs‡k K‡g Avm‡e Ges gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ my`„p HK¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

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c~e©eZx nv`xmMÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i mb` ms‡ÿcYg~jK nv`xmMÖš’ msKjb nv`xm msKj‡bi cieZx© hy‡M A_v©r nv`xm msKj‡bi ‡mvbvjx hyM (wnRix Z…Zxq kZvãx) I PZz_© kZvãxi ci Ggb KwZcq nv`xmMÖ‡š’i msKjb cvIqv hvq, †h¸‡jv g~jZ c~e©eZx© nv`xmMÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i mb` ms‡ÿcYg~jKfv‡e nv`xm eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme msKj‡b †hgb i‡q‡Q mnxn nv`xm, Avevi i‡q‡Q KwZcq hCd, KL‡bv ev gI ~Ô nv`xm| G chv©‡q Giƒc KwZcq nv`xmMÖš’ wb‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kivi cÖqvm †be|

Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx (in.)-Gi msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’ ÔAvj-RvwgDm mMxiÕ Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx (in.) ---wnRix m‡b ----RvqMvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 911 wnRix‡Z g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Bjg nv`x‡mi †ÿ‡Î Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zxi Ae`vb Amvgvb¨| wZwb nv`x‡mi GK wekvj msKjb iPbv K‡ib| hvi bvg †`b, ÔAvj-RvwgDj KexiÕ ev ÔRvgDj RvwgÔ| wKš‘ msKjbwUi K‡jei eo nIqvq cvVK‡ì Rb¨ Aa¨qb AZ¨šÍ Kómva¨ n‡q c‡o| d‡j Bgvg myq~Zx (in.) Gi K‡jei ms‡ÿcY K‡i Av‡iKwU msKjb ˆZix K‡ib| hvi bvg ÔAvj-RvwgDm mMxi wgb Avnv`xwmj ekxi Avb-bhxiÕ| Z‡e G msKjbwU m¤úbœ Kivi ci wZwb wb‡RB cÖZ¨ÿ K‡ib †h, G †_‡K KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© nv`xm ev` c‡o †M‡Q| Avi G Kvi‡Y ev` c‡o hvIqv nv`xm¸‡jv wb‡q GKB c×wZ‡Z wZwb Av‡iKwU MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| hvi bvg iv‡Lb ÔAvh-whqv`vZz ÔAvjvj RvwgCm mMxiÕ|

ÔAvj-RvwgDm mMxiÕ MÖ‡š’ 14,700wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e© msKwjZ wewfbœ nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i mswÿß mb‡` Avjøvgv RvjvjyÏxb Avm-myq~Zx G MÖš’wU msKjb K‡ib| wZwb G MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ nv`xmmg~‡ni ‡Kvb ûKzg eY©bv K‡ibwb| hwÌ cieZx©‡Z A‡bK gynvwÏm nv`xm¸‡jvi Drm I mb` hvPvB-evQvB K‡i Gi h_v_© Ae ’vb wbY©q K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg Avãyj Avhxg Beb Avãyj Kixg Beb gybwhix (in.)-Gi msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’ ÔAvZ-ZiMxe IqvZ ZvinxeÕ Bgvg Avãyj Avhxg Beb Avãyj Kixg Beb gybwhix (in.) -----wnRix m‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib Ges 656 wnRix m‡b g„Zz¨ eiY K‡ib| Zvui c~Y© esk ci¤úiv n‡jv, ---------| kvqL gybwhix mßg wnRix kZvãxi cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm| Zvui msKwjZ ÔAvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ-ZvinxeÕ wek¦gq mgv „Z GK Abe`¨ nv`xmMÖš’| G MÖ‡š’ †gvU 7023 wU nvw`m mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| kvqL gybwhix c~‡e© msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’mg~n †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i mswÿß mb‡` nv`xm msKjb K‡ib| wZwb Gme nv`x‡mi †Kvb ûKzg eY©bv K‡ibwb ev gvb wbY©q K‡ibwb| Z‡e cieZx©‡Z A‡bK gynvwÏm Gme nv`x‡mi Drm I mb` hvPvB-evQvB Gi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi mwVK Ae¯’vb wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg Ijx DÏxb gynv¤§` Beb Avãyjøvn Avj-LZxe Avb-wbmeZx AvZ-wZeixhx (in.)-Gi msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ gymwjg we‡k¦ GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ nv`xmMÖš’ wn‡m‡e ¯xK…Z I mgv`„Z| GwU Bgvg Ijx DÏxb Avj-LZxe AvZ-wZeixhx (in.) iPbv K‡ib| GwU g~jZ gwnDm mybœvn Bgvg Ave~ gynv¤§` Avj-evMex iwPZ Ôgvmvexûm mybœvnÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’i cwigvwR©Z iƒc| Bgvg Ijx DÏxb AvZ-wZeixhx (in.)-Gi Rb¥ ZvwiL m¤ú‡K© Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h, wZwb wnRix 737 m‡b g„Z¨ eiY K‡ib | kvqL AvZ-wZeixhx (in.)-Gi iwPZ ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ MÖš’wU wewfbœ fvlvq

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Abyw`Z n‡q‡Q Ges Gi eû e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q, UxKv †jLv n‡q‡Q| wn›`y Ívb, ivwkqvmn mviv gymwjg we‡k¦ wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡b G MÖš’wU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cov‡bv nq| Gme we‡ePbvq MÖš’wU LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| G MÖš’wU‡Z 6294 wU nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| kvqL AvZ-wZeixhx mswÿß mb‡` nv`xm eY©bv KiZ: nv`xmwUi Drm wb‡ ©k K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr †h MÖš’ †_‡K nv`xmwU †bqv n‡q‡Q, †mB MÖ‡š’i †jL‡Ki bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡mi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Drm wb‡ ©k K‡ibwb| c~‡e© msKwjZ nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K nv`xmmg~n msMÖn K‡i ÔwgkKvZzj gvmvexnÕ MÖš’wU msKjb Kiv nq| G MÖ‡š’ mwbœ‡ewkZ nv`xmmg~‡ni †Kvb ûKzg eY©bv K‡ibwb Bgvg Ijx DÏxb AvZ-wZeixhx (in.)| cieZx©‡Z gynvwÏmiv G MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi mb` wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i nv`x‡mi h_v_© Ae ’vb wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb|

Bgvg beex (in.)-Gi msKwjZ nv`xmMÖš’ Ôwiqv ym mv‡jnxbÕ gyZvAvL&‡Lixb A_v©r cieZx© hy‡Mi ‡Kvb †Kvb gynvwÏm wewfbœ wbf©i‡hvM¨ nv`xm MÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i welqwfwËK nv`xm msKjb K‡ib| Gme msKj‡b nv`xmmg~n mswÿß mb‡` D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Giƒc GKwU Abb¨ msKjb nj Bgvg beexi Ôwiqv ym mv‡jnxbÕ| `xN©w`b K‡Vvi cwikÖg, Mfxi mvabv I m~² AbymÜv‡bi gva¨‡g Bgvg beex (in.) G MÖš’wU cÖbqY K‡ib| Bgvg beexi cy‡iv bvg n‡jv, gywn DÏxb Ave~ hvKvwiqv BqvnBqv Beb kid Beb gvix Beb nvmvb Beb ûmvBb Beb gynv¤§` Beb RygÔAv Beb wnkvg Avb-beex| Zvui g~j bvg BnBqv, WvK bvg Ave~ hvKvwiqv Ges Dcvwa gywnDÏxb| 631 wnRix‡Z `vwgk‡Ki cwð‡g ÔbvIqvÕ bvgK GK Rbc‡` G gnvb gbxlx Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 676 wnRix m‡b evqZzj gvKw`m mdi †k‡l wZwb wbR MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡mb| MÖv‡g wdivi cic‡iB wZwb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob Ges G Ae¯’vq 14 iRe eyaevi BwšÍKvj K‡ib|76

Bgvg beexi Ôwiqv ym mv‡jnxbÕ MÖš’wU we‡kl êwkó¨gwÐZ| wZwb D³ MÖ‡š’ GKwU nv`xm D‡jøL Kivi c~‡e© nv`xmwUi welqe¯‘i Ici KziAv‡bi K‡qKwU AvqvZ msKjb K‡ib| G‡Z nv`xm †h KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v Zv cwiù‚wUZ nq| nv`xm Aa¨qbKvix ev nv`x‡mi mvaviY cvV‡Ki Rb¨ GwU GKwU AZ¨šÍ mnR I mvejxj nv`xmMÖš’| †h Kvi‡Y gymwjg we‡k¦ G MÖš’wU e¨vcKfv‡e mgv „Z n‡q‡Q| D³ MÖš’wU‡Z ÔmnxnvBbÕ I ÔAvm-mybvb Avj-AvievÔAvnÕmn Av‡iv K‡qKwU wbf©i‡hvM¨ nv`xmMÖ‡š’i nv`xmmg~n mwbœ‡ewkZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Bgvg beex Zvui MÖš’wU‡Z mb` ms‡ÿc K‡i nv`xm msKjb K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb `vex K‡ib †h, Zvui MÖ‡š’ msKwjZ mKj nv`xm mnxn|77 Bgvg beex mnxn nv`xm ej‡Z g~jZ kw³kvjx mb‡ì ewY©Z nv`xm D‡Ïk¨ K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg beex (in.) nv`x‡mi ûKzg eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î cÖavbZ Bgvg wZiwghx I Bgvg Ave~ `vD‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg wZiwghx †h nv`xm‡K mnxn ev nvmvb e‡j‡Qb, Bgvg beex †mB nv`xm‡K mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Avevi Bgvg Ave~ `vD` †h nv`x‡mi ûKz‡gi e¨vcv‡i bxieZv Aej¤b K‡i‡Qb, Bgvg beex †mwU‡KI mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e msKjb Ki‡Z wØav‡eva K‡ibwb| †h Kvi‡Y Ôwiqv ym mv‡jnxbÕ MÖ‡š’ KwZcq hCd I gybKvi nv`x‡mi AbycÖ‡ek N‡U‡Q| gyZvAvL&‡Lixb dKxn‡ì g‡a¨ hviv nv`xmkv‡ ¿ g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib, Zv‡ì AwaKvskB nv`xm msKj‡bi †ÿ‡Î Bgvg beexi G

76. gvI. byi †gvnv¤§` AvÔRgx| 77. kvqL Avj-Avjevbx e‡jb, Zvui G `vex h_v_© bq| KviY Ôwiqv ym mv‡jnxbÕ G KwZcq hCd I gybKvi nv`xmI i‡q‡Q| kvqL Avj-Avjevbxi g‡Z, Bgvg beexi G msKjbwU mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjb bv e‡j mnxn cÖavb nv`x‡mi msKjb ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

29

c×wZ Aej¤b K‡ib| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Lye AímsL¨K e¨w³B wbR MÖ‡š’i cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi ZvLixR I ZvnKxK K‡i‡Qb|

30

mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏm‡ì mvaviY bxwZgvjv gynvwÏmiv g‡b K‡ib, mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb` I gZb DfqB AZ¨šÍ m~²fv‡e hvPvB-evQvB ev cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Avi †m Kvi‡YB Mfxi M‡elYv I wPšÍv-fvebvi gva¨‡g mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi Rb¨ AZ¨šÍ weÁvbm¤§Z I me©RbMÖvn¨ KwZcq bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡ib gynvwÏmMY|

K. mb` cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv mb‡ì weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏmiv ivex ev nv`xm eY©bvKvixi ÔAv`vjZ ¸Ym¤úbœ nIqv Ges heZ ev c~Y© aviY ÿgZv I Zxÿè ¯§iYkw³i AwaKvix nIqvi kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb| †mBmv‡_ cÖ‡Z¨K ivex Awew”Qbœfv‡e DaŸ©Zb ivex †_‡K nv`xm ïb‡eb Ges Gfv‡e mvnvex ch©šÍ †cŠuQv‡e|78 A_v©r c~e©eZx© I cieZx© ivex ev eY©bvKvix‡ì avivevwnKZv Awew”Qbœ n‡e| ZvQvov gZwe‡ivac~Y© e³‡eï †ejvq AwaKZi wek¦ Í ivexi e³e¨‡K weï× e‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡e e‡j gynvwÏmiv g‡b K‡ib|

g~jZ mb` cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv wn‡m‡e gynvwÏmiv ivex Z_v nv`xm eY©bvKvix‡ì Rxeb I Rxeb Pwi‡Îi bvbvw`K AwZ m~²fv‡e hvPvB-evQvB Kivi GK êÁvwbK c×wZ Aej¤b K‡ib| ‡hgb ivex Kx ai‡bi gbb I †gSv‡Si gvbyl, ivexi PvwiwÎK †`vl-¸Y †Kgb, Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© ivexi Ávb KZUzKz, ivexi Dcjwä I †evakw³ KZUzKz cÖLi I DbœZ, ¯§iYkw³ I cÖwZfv †Kgb, ivexi AvKx`v-wek¦vm, wPšÍv-M‡elYv I gZev` wbf©yj wKbv, ivexi mg Í Kg©KvÐ Bmjvgx weavb †gvZvweK cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q wKbv, ivex my¯’ gw¯Í ‹m¤úbœ bvwK weKvi ev e¨vwaMÖ Í, mZZv I b¨vqwbôv ivexi g¾vMZ êwkó¨ wKbv, KL‡bv wg_¨v ejvi Af¨vm wQj wKbv, ivex mr PwiÎevb wKbv, PwiÎnxbZv Zv‡K KL‡bv ¯úk© K‡i‡Q wKbv, ivex †Kv_vq Ges Kvi KvQ †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY, MÖnY I wkÿv K‡i‡Qb, ivex mwZ¨B wK I¯Ív‡ì mv‡_ mvÿvr K‡i nv`xm MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, ivexi ZLb eqm KZ wQj, †Kv_vq, wKfv‡e, KLb wZwb nv`xm wkL‡jb-ivexi Rxeb I RxebvPv‡ii mv‡_ mswkøó Giƒc bvbvwea welq AwZ m~²fv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i gynvwÏmiv mb`MZ weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Yi GK wbLyuZ bxwZgvjv AbymiY K‡ib| wKQzUv wfbœZv ev e¨wZµg Qvov DcwiD³ bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K mb` cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i gynvwÏmiv mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I Gi msKjb iPbv K‡ib|

L. gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv mb` wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi cvkvcvwk gZb ev nv`x‡mi g~j e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvq gynvwÏmiv weÁvbm¤§Z bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡ib| Zvi g‡a¨ KwZcq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZgvjv wb‡¤œ D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv|

1. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq KL‡bv KziAv‡bi ¯úó A‡_©i wecixZ n‡e bv| 2. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq gyZvIqvwZi mybœvn ev cÖwm× nv`x‡mi wecixZ n‡e bv| 3. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq kixÔAv‡Zi †Kvb my¯úó Dm~j ev bxwZi wecixZ n‡e bv| 4. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq ¯vfvweK we‡eK-eyw× ev AvKj cwicš’x n‡e bv| 5. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq im~j (m.)-Gi hy‡Mi cÖwm× HwZnvwmK m‡Zï cwicš’x n‡e

bv| 6. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq weÁvb I ‰bwZKZvi †ÿ‡Î mvaviY wbqg-bxwZi cwicš’x

n‡e bv|

78. W. gynv¤§` Ave yj gvey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 100|

31

7. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cÂ Bw› ªqjä Áv‡bi cwicš’x n‡e bv| 8. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq wPwKrmv †ÿ‡Î ¯vfvweKZvi cwicš’x n‡e bv| 9. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Ggb †Kvb †bvsivwg ev wbK…óZvi w`‡K Avnevbg~jK n‡e bv,

`ywbqvi mKj gZ-c‡_i gvbyl hv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K gy³ †NvlYv K‡i| 10. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Avjøvn I Zvui ivm~‡ji wmdvZ ev ¸Yvejx‡Z wek¦v‡mi

g~jbxwZi †hŠw³KZvi cwicš’x n‡e bv| 11. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq m„wó RMZ I gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î Avjøvni mybœvn Z_v ixwZ-c×wZi

cwicš’x n‡e bv| 12. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Ggb wbe©yw×Zv I ’zj fvem¤úbœ n‡e bv hv †_‡K wePÿY I

eyw×gvb gvbyl cwi”Qbœ _v‡K| 13. ivex we‡kl gZ-c‡_ wek¦vmx Ges wZwb †h w`‡K gvbyl‡K Avnevb Rvbvb, nv`xmwUi gZb ev

e³e¨ welq Zvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© n‡e bv| 14. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq ‡QvÆ GKUv Avg‡ji Rb¨ weivU mvIqve ev cÖwZ`v‡bi K_v

m¤wjZ A_ev mvgvb¨ GKUv Aciv‡ai Rb¨ Pig kvw Íi fvec~Y© n‡e bv| 15. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq ev Íe AwfÁZvi wecixZ n‡e bv| 16. nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq ev eY©bv AwZiwÄZ n‡e bv| 17. KziAv‡bi we‡kl we‡kl m~ivi we‡kl we‡kl dRxjZ m¤úKx©q nv`xm n‡Z cv‡i bv| 18. nv`x‡mi fvlv Ggb `ye©j n‡e bv †h, Zv mev©waK weï× Aviex fvlxi gy‡Li fvlv e‡j g‡b

nq bv| KviY im~jyjøvn (m.) wQ‡jb Aviex mvwn‡Z¨ AwØZxq Ávbx|79

gynvwÏm‡ì g‡Z, mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi DcwiD³ bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx mb` I gZb DfqB h_vh_ cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY KivB n‡e bxwZwm× KvR| 79. W. mvjvûÏxb Beb Avng` Av`jvfx, gvbnvRy bvKw`j gvZvb ÔBb`v DjvgvBj nv`xm (êiæZ: `viæj AvdvK Avj-Rv`x`vn, 1983 Bs), c„. 106; gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§` AvÕRgx, nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, c„. 128; gvIjvbv gynv¤§` Ave yi inxg, nv`xm msKj‡bi BwZnvm, c„. 453; W. gynv¤§` Ave yj gvey`, cÖv¸³, c„. 103|

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mnxn nv`x‡mi msÁvi Av‡jv‡K mnxn nv`xm wbiƒc‡Yi bxwZgvjv mnxn nv`x‡mi msÁvq ÔZvìxeyi ivex dx kiwn ZvKixweb befxÕ-Gi MÖš’Kvi e‡jb, †h nv`xm avivevwnKm~‡Î ewY©Z, mb‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K Í‡ii eY©bvKvixi bvg mwVKfv‡e DwjøwLZ, eY©bvKvixiv m‡ev©Zfv‡e wek¦ Í ev wmKvn, Zvu‡ì ¯§iYkw³ AZ¨šÍ cÖLi Ges hv‡Z weij I ÎæwUhy³ eY©bvKvix GKRbI †bB, Zv‡KB mnxn nv`xm e‡j|80 Bgvg beex (in.) mnxn nv`x‡mi msÁv w`‡Z wM‡q e‡jb, †h nv`x‡mi mb` wbf©i‡hvM¨ I mwVKiƒ‡c msiÿYKvix‡ì ms‡hvR‡b ci¤úiv c~Y© Ges hv‡Z weij I ÎæwUc~Y© eY©bvKvix GKRbI †bB, Giƒc nv`xm‡K mnxn nv`xm e‡j|81 W. gvng~` AvZ-Zn&nvb e‡jb, †h nv`x‡mi mb` avivevwnK, b¨vqcivqY, ax-kw³ai ivex AvMv-‡Mvov nv`xmwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hv kvhI bq, gyÔAvjøvjI bq, ZvB mnxn nv`xm|82

DcwiD³ msÁvi Av‡jv‡K mnxn nv`x‡mi R‡b¨ cvuPwU kZ© c~Y© nIqv Riæix| Zv n‡jv: GK. BwËmvjym mb` (mb` gyËvwmj nIqv): mb‡ì cÖ_g †_‡K †kl Aewa †Kvb Íi n‡Z †Kvb ivex ev` bv cov Ges cÖ‡Z¨K ivex Zvui Dci ’ ivex n‡Z mivmwi nv`xm MÖnY Kiv|83 hw` mb‡ì †Kvb ¯Í‡i Ggb eY©bvKvix _v‡Kb, whwb Zvui Da©Zb kvqL n‡Z mivmwi nv`xm kÖeY K‡ibwb, Zvn‡j Zvui ewY©Z nv`xm mnxn nv`xm e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv|

`yB. ÔAv`vjvZzi iæIqvZ (eY©bvKvix‡ì b¨vqcivqYZv): Gi Øviv mb‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii eY©bvKvix‡ì ¯xK…Z ¸Yvejxi AwaKvix nIqv‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| A_v©r cÖ‡Z¨K eY©bvKvix‡K cÖvß eq¯‹, my ’ we‡eKm¤úbœ gymjgvb, mnxn AvKx`vi AwaKvix, Av`vjZ ev mvayZv Ges b¨vq-wbôv I ag©fxiæZvi ¸‡Y ¸YvwšZ nIqv| †Kvb Ae ’v‡ZB eY©bvKvix‡K wkiK, we`ÔAvZ Ges wdmKx Kv‡h© wjß nIqv Pj‡e bv| †m mv‡_ bxP cÖK…wZ, iæPxnxbZv Ges G RvZxq me© cÖKvi N„Y¨ Kvh© I RNY¨fve n‡Z Zvu‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e|84

wZb. heZzi iæIqvZ (eY©bvKvix‡ì ¯§„wZkw³): cÖ‡Z¨K ivex‡KB Zv¤§yh heZ () Z_v c~Y©gvÎvq cÖLi ¯§„wZkw³ I axkw³ m¤úbœ n‡Z n‡e| Zv¤§yh heZ () Avevi yÕcÖKvi: K. heZzj wndh (¯§„wZc‡U c~Y© msiÿY): A_v©r weeiY¸‡jv‡K Ggb mZK©Zvi mv‡_ ¯§iY K‡i ivLvi c~Y© ÿgZv _vK‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a wZwb c~Y© weeiYUv h_vh_fv‡e eY©bv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| L. heZzj wKZvevn (wjLvi gva¨‡g msiÿY): A_v©r nv`xm kÖe‡Yi mgq wbR `vwq‡Z¡ Ggb mZK©Zv I †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ †m¸‡jv‡K wj‡L ivLv, †hb eY©bv Kivi mgq †Kvb cÖKvi åg-cÖgv` msNwUZ nIqvi †Kvb mskq-m‡›`n bv _v‡K Ges ivex †hb G AvgvbZ AweK…Zfv‡e A‡bï wbKU †cŠuQv‡Z cv‡ib|85 ivex ev eY©bvKvix‡K c~Y© ¯§„wZkw³ m¤úbœ I †evakw³ m¤úbœ nIqv GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb †h, G ¸‡Yi wfwË‡ZB nv`x‡mi weï×Zv I Aï×Zv wbiƒwcZ nq|

80. Zvìxeyi ivex dx kiwn ZvKixweb befx, 1g LÐ, c„. 63| 81. gyKvÏgvZz mnxn gymwjg, c„. 16| 82. W. gvng~` AvZ-Znnvb, ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, 83. ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, c„. 33; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, c„. 230| 84. †gv Ídv PwiZ, c„. 70-71; AvZ-ZvBmxi, c„. 33; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, c„. 231| 85. jvgnvZ dx Dj~wgj nv`xl, cÖv¸³, c„. 113; Avj-nv`xm Avb-beex, c„. 232|

33

Pvi. MvBiæ gyÔAvjøvj (eY©bvwU gyÔAvjøvj bv nIqv)| gyÔAvjøvj ejv nq Ggb nv`xm‡K, hv‡Z cÖKvk¨ †Kvb †`vl-ÎæwU „ó nq bv eis evn¨Z: Zv‡Z mnxn nv`x‡mi mg¯Í kZ©B cwi „ó nq| wKš‘ GZ`m‡Ë¡I Zv‡Z Ggb wKQz m~² I gvivZ¥K ÎæwU-wePz¨wZ _v‡K, hv G wel‡q we‡klÁ cwÐZMY e¨ZxZ A‡bïv ev mvaviY cvVK Abyaveb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| †hgb †Kvb nvw`‡mi ewY©Z welqwU cÖK…Zc‡ÿ mvnvexi Dw³ (gvIK‚d) wKš‘ cieZx© ivex fzjµ‡g ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y Zv im~jyjøvn (m.)-Gi Dw³ e‡j Pvwj‡q †`qv|86

cvuP. MvBiæ ïh~h (wiIqvqvZ kvh bv nIqv): A_v©r eY©bvKvix wb‡R A‡cÿv wek¦ ÍZg ivexi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wecix‡Z †Kvb wel‡qi eY©bv bv Kiv|87

mnxn nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏmiv DcwiD³ †hme kZ© Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb, GKUz wPšÍv Ki‡jB GwU cwi¯‹vi nq †h, Gi me KqwU kZ© nv`x‡mi ivex ev eY©bvKvix Z_v mb‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³| nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvi kZ© Abycw¯’Z| myZivs G K_v cwi¯‹vifv‡eB ejv hvq †h, mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g| gZb‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g bq| hwÌ mb`‡K› ªxK G wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ †Kej mb‡ì weï×Zv wbiƒcY bq| eis nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi weï×Zv wbiƒcYB Gi g~j D‡Ïk¨| AZGe mb`‡K› ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi cvkvcvwk gZb‡K›`ªxK wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi welqwUI mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Yi kZ© wn‡m‡e ms‡hvRb mg¸iæ‡Z¡i `vex iv‡L|

86. Avj-nv`xm Avb-beex, c„. 2616; jvgnvZz dx Dj~wgj nv`xm, c„. 113; Zvìxeyi ivex, c„. 161| 87.

34

nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwiPq, cwifvlv I ‡kÖYxweb¨vm mb`‡K›`ªxK mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY †h mb`wbf©i nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwiPq, cwifvlv I †kÖYxweb¨vm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Zv AwaKZi ¯úó nq| †Kbbv nv`x‡mi bvbvwea cwiPq, cwifvlv I †kÖYxweb¨vm wbav©iY Kiv n‡q‡Q, g~jZ nv`x‡mi mb` ev eY©bvavivi bvbvw`K wePvi-we‡ePbvi gva¨‡g|

K. mb‡ì †kl ¯Íi wePv‡i nv`x‡mi †kÖYxweb¨vm mb‡ì †kl Íi wePv‡i nv`xm‡K wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| GK. gvid‚Ô, yB. gvIK‚d, wZb. gvKZ‚Ô| gvid‚Ô ejv nq †m nv`xm‡K †h nv`x‡mi mb` ev eY©bv aviv im~j (m.) ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Q‡Q Ges †h m~‡Îi gva¨‡g ¯qs im~jyjøvn (m.)-Gi †Kvb K_v, KvR Kivi weeiY A_ev †Kvb wel‡qi Aby‡gv`b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|88 gvIK‚d ejv nq †m nv`xm‡K †h nv`x‡mi mb` †Kvb mvnvex ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Q‡Q ev †h nv`xm †Kvb mvnvexi e³e¨, KvR I Aby‡gv`b eY©bv K‡i|89 Avi gvKZ‚Ô nv`xm nj †m nv`xm †h nv`x‡mi mb` †Kvb Zv‡eC ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Q‡Q90 ev †h nv`x‡m Zv‡eCi K_v, KvR, †gŠb mg_©b I ¸Yvewj ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G K_v ejv ìKvi †h, Gme nv`x‡mi cwiPq wbY©‡q mb‡ì ‡kl Íi we‡ePbvq †bqv n‡q‡Q| ‡mBmv‡_ Gme nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi weï×Zv wKsev ye©jZv

wbY©‡q mb‡ì Ici wbf©i Kiv n‡q‡Q| L. ivex ev eY©bvKvix‡ì msL¨vi w`K †_‡K nv`x‡mi †kÖYxweb¨vm ivex ev eY©bvKvix‡ì msL¨vi w`K †_‡K nv`xm‡K yÕfv‡M wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| gyZvIqvwZi I Le‡i Avnv`| gyZvIqvwZi ejv nq Ggb nv`xm‡K †h nv`xmwU GZ AwaK msL¨K ivex eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hvu‡ì mK‡j wg_¨vi Ici HKë× nIqv Am¤¢e Ges eY©bvKvixi msL¨vwaK¨ cÖ_g n‡Z †kl ch©šÍ GKB ai‡bi we`¨gvb wQj|91 Avi Le‡i Avnv` nj †m nv`xm †hme nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvixi msL¨v gyZvIqvwZi chv©‡q †cŠuQvqwb|92 Avjøvgv Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx (in.) e‡jb, †h nv`x‡m gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡mi kZv©ejx mwbœ‡ewkZ nqwb, ZvB Le‡i Avnv`| Le‡i Avnv` wZb cÖKvi| h_v-gvkûi, Avhxh I Mixe|

gvkûi ejv nq †m nv`xm‡K †h nv`xm‡K cÖ‡Z¨K hy‡M Kgc‡ÿ wZb ev Z ~aŸ© Rb ivex eY©bv K‡i‡Qb,93 Z‡e Zv gyZvIqvwZ‡ii mxgv ch©šÍ †cŠu‡Qwb|94 Avhxh ejv nq †m nv`xm‡K †h nv`xm‡K cÖ‡Z¨K hy‡MB AšÍZ: yÕRb ivex eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|95 Avi Mixe nj †m nv`xm †h nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvix

88. nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, c~‡ev©³, c„. 5; AvZ-ZvBmxi, cÖv¸³, c„. 127; Rvgvj DÏxb Avj-Kvwmgx, KvIqvB yZ Zvn`xm dx dzbywb gymZvjvwnj nv`xm (‰eiæZ: `viæj KzZze Avj-Bjwgq¨v, 1399 wnRix), c„. 104| 89. jvgnvZ dx Dm~wjj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 220; nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, c„. 5; Av`- yiviæm mvgxbv, cÖv¸³, c„. 99; gyKvÏvgvZz Bebym mvjvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 18; gxhvbyj AvLevi, cÖv¸³, c„. 2| 90. ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 132; Avj-jvgnvZ, cÖv¸³, c„. 223; Zvìxeyi ivex, cÖv¸³, 1g LÐ, c„. 194; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, cÖv¸³, c„. 278| 91. gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, 92. jvgnvZ dx Dm~wjj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 93; Av`- yiiæm mvgxbv, cÖv¸³, c„. 21| 93. Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, cÖv¸³, c„. 283; nv`x‡mi ZË¡ I BwZnvm, c„. 8; Avj-jvgnvZ, c„. 94| 94. gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb,....; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, c„. 283| 95 . ZvBmxiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, c„. 25; hvdi Avng` Imgvbx, gyKvÏvgvZz BÔjvDm mybvb, (KivPx: Avj-gvKZvevZzm mvDw`qv, Zvwe), c„. 23|

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GKRb|96 G K_v ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, DcwiD³ nv`xmmg~‡ni cwiPq wba©vi‡Y ivex‡ì msL¨vi Ici wbf©i Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi †h‡nZz gyZvIqvwZi nv`x‡mi ivexi msL¨v mev©waK, †m‡nZz gyZvIqvwZi nv`xm‡K wbm‡›`‡n mnxn e‡j MY¨ Kiv nq G e‡j †h, bvbvwea AÂ‡ji GZ AwaK msL¨K gvby‡li c‡ÿ †Kvb GKwU wg_¨vi Ici GKgZ I cÖwZwôZ nIqv Am¤¢e| Avi GZ AwaK msL¨K ivex ev eY©bvKvix †Kvb GKwU wel‡q wg_¨v e‡j‡Qb, Zv we‡eKMÖvn¨ bq| Avi Le‡i Avnv` nv`x‡mi ivexi msL¨v Kg nIqvi Kvi‡Y G nv`x‡mi weï×Zv ev ye©jZv wbiƒc‡Y mb` ev eY©bvKvix‡ì Ae ’vi Ici wbf©i Kiv n‡q‡Q|

M. weï×Zv I ye©jZvi w`K we‡ePbvq nv`x‡mi ‡kÖYxweb¨vm nvwdh Beb Kvmxi (in.) Ges AwaKvsk cÖexY gynvwÏmiv cÖ_gZ: nv`xm‡K mnxn I hCd wn‡m‡e wefvRb K‡i‡Qb| G K_v ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, nv`x‡mi weï×Zv ev `ye©jZv wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏmiv g~jZ mb‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi †kÖYxweb¨vm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Zv AwaKZi cwi¯‹vi n‡e|

mnxn nv`xm ‡m nv`xm mnxn, ‡h nv`xm avivevwnK m~‡Î ewY©Z, mb‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡ii eY©bvKvixi bvg mwVKfv‡e DwjøwLZ, eY©bvKvixiv m‡ev©Zfv‡e wek¦ Í ev wmKvn, Zvu‡ì ¯§iYkw³ AZ¨šÍ cÖLi Ges hv‡Z weij I ÎæwUhy³ eY©bvKvix GKRbI †bB|97 mnxn nv`xm‡K Avevi yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| mnxn wjhvwZnx I mnxn wjMvBwinx| ‡h nv`xm c~Y© avivevwnK m~‡Î ewY©Z, eY©bvKvixiv me w`K †_‡K wek¦ Í I cÖLi ¯§„wZkw³ m¤úbœ Ges hv gyÔAvjøvj I kvh bq, ZvB mnxn wjhvwZnx|98 Avi †h nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvix‡ì gv‡S ¯§iYkw³i wKQzUv ¯íZv i‡q‡Q, Z‡e G ¯íZv AwaK eY©bv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dcv‡q Zv c~Y© n‡q hvq, Giƒc nv`xm‡K mnxn wjMvBwinx e‡j|99

nvmvb nv`xm gynvwÏmiv weï×Zv I ye©jZvi gvb`‡Ð mnxn I hCd nv`x‡mi gvSLv‡b nv`x‡mi Av‡iKwU †kÖYxweb¨vm K‡i‡Qb| Avi Zv n‡jv nvmvb nv`xm| nvmvb nv`xm n‡jv †m nv`xm †h nv`x‡m mnxn nv`x‡mi me kZ© we`¨gvb, Z‡e eY©bvKvixi gv‡S (-----) Z_v c~Y© gvÎvq ¯§„wZkw³i hw` wKQzUv Afve i‡q‡Q Ges †m Afve ~i Kivi Ab¨ †Kvb cš’v _v‡K bv|100 Bgvg LvËvex e‡jb, nvmvb nv`xm H nv`xm‡K e‡j hvi wbM©gb ’j mycwiwPZ, eY©bvKvixiv cÖwm×| AwaKvsk nv`xm Gi IciB wbf©ikxj| AwaKvsk Avwjg G‡K MÖnY K‡ib Ges dKxniv Gi cÖ‡qvM K‡i _v‡Kb|101 nvmvb nv`xm Avevi yÕfv‡M wef³| nvmvb wjhvwZnx I nvmvb wjMvBwinx| †h mnxn nv`x‡mi eY©bvKvixi 96. gxhvbyj AvLevi, gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb, c„. 9| 97. Zvìxeyi ivex dx kiwn ZvKixweb befx, 1g LÐ, c„. 63; ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 33; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, c„. 230; Avj-evÔBmyj nvmxm, cÖv¸³, c„. 6| 98. ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, c„. 44-45; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, cÖv¸³, c„. 236; KvIqvB` dx Dj~wgj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 24; gxhvbyj AvLevi, gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb,....| 99. ZvIhxûb bhi, cÖv¸³, c„. 212-213; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, c„. 236; ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 50| 100. Zvìxeyi ivex, c„. 153; ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, c„. 44; nv`xm kv¯¿ cwiwPwZ, c„. 41; †gv Ídv PwiZ, c„. 72| 101. gvÔAvwjgym mybvb, 1g LÐ, c„. 11|

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gv‡S ¯§„wZkw³ wKQzUv Kg, Avi G ¯íZv ~i Kivi †Kvb cš’v †bB; Giƒc nv`xm nvmvb wjhvwZnx|102 Avi nvmvb wjMvBwinx nj H hCd nv`xm †h hCd nv`xm wewfbœ mb‡` ewY©Z nq Ges eR©‡bi ¯Íi n‡Z MÖn‡Yi ghv© v AR©b K‡i|103 G K_v ejvi A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, DcwiD³ nv`xmmg~‡ni cwiPq wbav©i‡Y g~jZ mb`‡K gvcKvwV wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs G K_v mn‡RB ejv hvq †h, nv`x‡mi weï×Zv ev ye©jZv wbY©‡q gynvwÏmiv g~jZ mb‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb|

hCd nv`xm ‡h nv`x‡m mnxn I nvmvb nv`x‡mi kZ©mg~n (AvswkK ev c~Y© gvÎvq) Abycw ’Z, Zv‡KB hCd nv`xm e‡j|104 ‡h nv`x‡m hZ AwaK msL¨K k‡Z©i Afve n‡e, †m nv`xm ZZ AwaK cwigv‡Y `ye©j e‡j MY¨ n‡e| hCd nv`x‡m eûfv‡M wef³| Beb wneŸvb 49 fv‡M Avi nvwdh Avj-BivKx hCd nv`xm‡K 42 †kÖYx‡Z web¨¯Í K‡i‡Qb|105 wb‡¤œ cÖavb cÖavb K‡qK cÖKvi hCd nv`x‡mi cwiPq Zz‡j aiv n‡jv| gyimvj nv`xm: †h nv`x‡mi mb‡ì †k‡li w`‡K Zv‡eCi cieZx© ivex ev eY©bvKvix A_v©r mvnvexi bvg ev` c‡o wM‡q‡Q Zv‡K gyimvj nv`xm e‡j| G‡Z mnxn nv`x‡mi cÖ_g kZ© ÔBwËmvjym mb`Õ ev ivex‡ì eY©bv ci¤úiv Awew”Qbœ nIqvi kZ© Abycw ’Z| †Kbbv mb‡ì †k‡l mvnvexi bvg ev` c‡o †M‡Q| G‡Z Zv‡eCi cieZx© ivex AÁvZ n‡q †Mj| nv`x‡mi weï×Zv weav‡b Giƒc Ae ’v †`vlYxq| gybKvwZÔ nv`xm: †h nv`x‡mi eY©bv m~‡Îi avivevwnKZv iwÿZ nqwb, Gi mb‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb Í‡i GKRb ivex ev wewfbœ Í‡i GKvwaK ivex ev` c‡o‡Q, Giƒc nv`xm‡K gybKvwZÔ nv`xm e‡j|

Giƒc nv`xm me©m¤§wZµ‡g `ye©j| KviY ev` c‡o hvIqv eY©bvKvixi Ae¯’v m¤ú~Y© AÁvZ| gyÔ`vj nv`xm: mb‡ì †h †Kvb Íi n‡Z ci ci yÕRb ivexi bvg ev` c‡o hvIqv‡K gyÔ`vj nv`xm e‡j| gy`vjøvm nv`xm: mb‡ì †`vl †Mvcb ivLv Ges evwn¨K w`KwU‡K my›ì K‡i †`Lv‡bv| eY©bvKvix †h kvqL †_‡K nv`xm kÖeY K‡i‡Qb, Zvui bvg Dn¨ †i‡L DaŸ©Zb †Kvb kvq‡Li bvg D‡jøL KiZ: Ggb fvlvq eY©bv Kiv, hv Øviv nv`xm kÖeY Kivi aviYv Kiv hvq| Z‡e wg_¨vi aviYv D™¢‚Z nq bv| gy`Z¡vwie nv`xm: †Kvb nv`xm hw` GK ev GKvwaK eY©bvKvix n‡Z wewfbœ mgq wewfbœ cÖKv‡i ewY©Z nq Ges H¸‡jvi gv‡S mgšq mvab m¤¢e bv nq Z‡e Giƒc nv`xm‡K gy`Zvwie nv`xm e‡j| Giƒc BhwZive ev †Mvj‡hvM nv`x‡mi mb` ev gZb wKsev Dfq †ÿ‡ÎI n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e mb‡` ‡ewk n‡q _v‡K| heZ ev ¯§iYkw³i Abycw ’wZi Kvi‡Y G ai‡bi BhwZive nq| Avi G Kvi‡Y G ai‡bi nv`xm hCd nv`xm e‡j cwiwPZ| 102. kiû byLevwZj wdKi, cÖv¸³, c„. 34; KvIqvÔB` dx Dj~wgj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 24; `vBivZzj gvÔAvwid Avj-Bmjvwgqv, cÖv¸³, 7g LÐ, c„. 337| 103. ZvBwmiæ gymZ¡jvwnj nv`xm, c„. 51; KvIqvÔB` dx Dj~wgj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 25; kvqL Avwjqvfx, Pvi cvuP †kv wnRixi wewkó gynvwÏm I Dm~jyj nv`xm (KjKvZv: KIgx †cÖm, 1g cÖKvk, 1999 Bs), c„. 128| 104. gyKvÏvgvZz mnxn gymwjg, cÖv¸³, c„. 17; jvgnvZzj dx Dj~wgj nv`xm, cÖv¸³, c„. 192; Dj~gyj nv`xm wj Bewbm mvjvn, cÖv¸³, c„. 37| 105. Zvìxeyi ivex dx kiwn ZvKwiexb befx, c„. 179; Dj~gyj nv`xm wj Bewbm mvjvn, c„. 37; Avj-nv`xm Avb-befx, cÖv¸³, c„. 252|

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gvKj~e nv`xm: nv`x‡mi mb` wKsev gZ‡bi g‡a¨ GK kã‡K Ab¨ k‡ãi Øviv cwieZ©b Kiv wKsev AMÖ-cðvZ Kiv‡K gvKj~e nv`xm e‡j| W. myenx mvwjn e‡jb, †h nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡b †Kvb kã ev e¨w³i bvg, esk cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q wKsev eY©bvKvix hv c‡i D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj, Zv c~‡e© D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb Ges hv c~‡e© D‡jøL Kiv ìKvi wQj, Zv c‡i D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb, Giƒc nv`xm‡K gvKj~e nv`xm e‡j| mb` I gZ‡b cwieZ©b Kiv gvivZ¥K Aciva| Giƒc nv`xm wbm‡›`‡n cwiZ¨vR¨|

gyÔAvjøvj nv`xm: hw` nv`x‡mi mb‡` Ggb m~² †Kvb ÎæwU _v‡K, hv evwn¨Kfv‡e eySv hvq bv, wKš‘ gynvwÏm‡ì ev nv`xmwe‡klÁ‡ì wbKU aiv c‡o Z‡e Giƒc nv`xm‡K gyÔAvjøvj e‡j| gydZx Avgxgyj Bnmvb e‡jb, †h nv`x‡mi mb‡` Ggb cÖ”Qbœ KviY I RwUjZv wbwnZ i‡q‡Q, hv mnxn nIqvi †ÿ‡Î ~lYxq| Giƒc †`vl I KviY D`NvUb Kiv GKgvÎ nv`x‡m cvi`kx© gynvwÏm‡ì c‡ÿB m¤¢e, Giƒc nv`xm‡KB gyÔAvjøvj nv`xm e‡j|

gyìvR nv`xm: nv`x‡mi mb‡ì aib‡K cwieZ©b Kiv wKsev eëavb e¨ZxZB gZ‡b wKQz kã ms‡hvRb Kiv‡K gyìvR e‡j| nv`x‡mi gZ‡b Ggb wKQz kã mshy³ K‡i †`qv, hv †kÖvZv ïb‡j nv`x‡mi Ask e‡j g‡b Ki‡e, Giƒc nv`xm‡K gyìvR e‡j|

kvh nv`xm: †Kvb wmKvn ivexi ewY©Z nv`xm hw` Zvui †_‡KI wek¦ Í ivex ev eY©bvKvixi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi cwicš’x nq, Z‡e Zv‡K kvh nv`xm e‡j|

gybKvi nv`xm: †Kvb ye©j ivexi ewY©Z nv`xm hw` wmKvn ivexi ewY©Z nv`x‡mi wecixZ nq, Z‡e Zv‡K gybKvi nv`xm e‡j| Beb nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb, †h nv`x‡m Ggb ivex ev eY©bvKvix i‡q‡Qb, whwb AwaK Ag‡bv‡hvMx Ges hvi dvwmKx cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q wKsev ¯§„wZkw³ AwaK gvÎvq †jvc †c‡q‡Q, Giƒc nv`xm‡K gybKvi nv`xm e‡j|

gvZiƒK nv`xm: †h nv`x‡mi ivex K_v-evZv©q wg_¨vev`x nIqvi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³; nv`xm eY©bvi †ÿ‡Î bq, Zvi ewY©Z nv`xm‡K gvZiƒK Z_v cwiZ¨vR¨ nv`xm ejv nq| W. gvng~` AvZ-Z¡n&nvb e‡jb, †h nv`x‡mi mb‡` Ggb eY©bvKvix i‡q‡Qb, whwb wg_¨vi Awf‡hv‡M Awfhy³, †m nv`xm‡K gvZiƒK e‡j|

gIh~Ô nv`xm wg_¨v nv`xm ˆZix K‡i Zv im~jyjøvn (m.)-Gi bv‡g Pvwj‡q †`qv‡K gDh~Ô nv`xm e‡j| Avjøvgv Beb nvRvi Avj-AvmKvjvbx e‡jb, †h ivex wg_¨v eY©bvKvix wn‡m‡e cÖwZcbœ, Zvi ewY©Z nv`xm‡KB gI ~Ô nv`xm e‡j|

DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv †_‡K GwU ¯úó nq †h, nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwiPq, cwifvlv I ‡kÖYxweb¨vm g~jZ mb`‡K› ªxK| mb`‡K bvbvw`K †_‡K wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i nv`x‡mi bvbvwea cwiPq wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| mb` Z_v ivex‡ì ‡`vl-¸Y wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i nv`x‡mi ye©jZv ev weï×Zv wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q| c~‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q, mb‡ì ev ivexi ¸Yv¸Y cixÿv-wbixÿvi gva¨‡g mb‡ì weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Yi g~j jÿ¨ nj, nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi weï×Zv wbiƒcY| wKš‘ ev ÍeZv n‡jv, nv`x‡mi bvbvwea cwiPq wbav©iY Ges nv`x‡mi ye©jZv wKsev weï×Zv wbY©‡q nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq‡K we‡ePbvq Avbv nqwb| hwÌ nv`x‡mi gZ‡b kãMZ cwieZ©b cwi „ó n‡j †m

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nv`xm‡K gvKj~e Ges †Kvb nv`x‡mi gZ‡b †Kvb ivexi wbR¯ K_v ms‡hvRb n‡j ev nv`x‡mi Ask bq Ggb Ask gZb wn‡m‡e ms‡hvRb n‡j Zv‡K gyìvR nv`xm wn‡m‡e wPbwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| nv`x‡mi gZ‡b kãMZ Giƒc cwieZ©b Ges nv`x‡mi Ask bq Ggb e³e¨‡K gZb wn‡m‡e ms‡hvRb ev †Kvb ivexi wbR¯ K_v‡K nv`x‡mi gZ‡b ms‡hvRb-Giƒc †`vlYxq welq wPbwnZKiY wbm‡›`‡n gynvwÏm‡ì nv`x‡mi gZb‡K› ªxK GKwU m~²KvR| Z‡e G K_v mZ¨ †h, gynvwÏm‡ì gZb‡K› ªxK G m~² KvR nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wKsev ye©jZv wbiƒc‡Y gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi mvgwMÖK bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K mKj nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq m~²fv‡e cixÿv-wbixÿvi cÖgvY enb K‡i bv|

AZGe G K_v ejv hvq †h, nv`x‡mi eûwea cwiPq I cwifvlv wbav©iY Ges mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY cÖ_gZ I cÖavbZ mb`wbf©i| myZivs nv`x‡mi RM‡Z G `vexUzKz i‡q ‡M‡Q †h, mb‡ì cvkvcvwk gZb wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g nv`x‡mi cwiPq, cwifvlv bZzb K‡i wba©viY bv Ki‡jI mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb‡ì cvkvcvwk Aek¨B cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi gZb weÁvbm¤§Z bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| Zvn‡j weï×Zg nv`xm¸‡jv gymwjg D¤§vni mvg‡b ‡ewi‡q Avm‡e Ges cÖK…Z hCd I gI ~Ô nv`xm¸‡jv c„_K n‡q co‡e| d‡j nv`xm‡K› ªxK †h cvi¯úwiK Ø›` I we‡ivaxZv gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ weivRgvb Zv AcmvwiZ n‡e| †MvUv gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ HK¨ cÖwZwôZ n‡e, Bmjv‡gi mwZ¨Kvi Av‡jv cwiù‚wUZ n‡e Ges gymwjg D¤§vni mvgwMÖK ÔAvgj Bmjv‡gi mZ¨ e³‡eï Ici cÖwZwôZ n‡e| d‡j gymjgvb‡ì weRq wbwðZ n‡e Ges Bmjv‡gi weRq cZvKv Avev‡iv DÇxb n‡e wek¦gq|

39

Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbvi †hŠw³KZv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv bvbvwea Kvi‡Y mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb cÖ‡qvRb| GK. mb` I gZb Dfq w`K wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Yi bxwZgvjv gynvwÏm‡ì gva¨‡g ¯xK…Z n‡jI AwaKvsk gynvwÏm mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y †Kej mb‡ì Ici wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡q ZZUv ¸iæZ¡ †`bwb| d‡j Ggb KwZcq mnxn nv`xm cwi „ó nq, hvi mb` mnxn wKš‘ gZb mnxn bq| Avevi Ggb KwZcq nv`xm cvIqv hvq, hvi gZb mnxn wKš‘ mb` mnxn bq| AZGZ mb` I gZb wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm c„_KxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ ‰Zix Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GKBfv‡e mb` I gZb wePvi we‡kølY K‡i mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm c„_KxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Òmb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

`yB. nv`xm msMÖn I msKj‡bi BwZnvm, nv`xmweÁv‡bi g~jbxwZ welqK Ávb, mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Yi bxwZgvjv I c×wZ Z_v Bjg nv`x‡mi eûwea welq Aa¨qb I M‡elYvi ci Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q GwU ¯úó n‡q D‡V †h, mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y mb‡ì cvkvcvwk gZb ev e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿv Kivi c×wZ ¯xK…Z n‡jI mnxn nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y AwaKvsk gynvwÏm g~jZ mb‡ì Ici ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q‡Qb| d‡j wmsnfvM mnxn ev hCd nv`xm wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q mb` wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g| AZGe Bjg nv`x‡mi RM‡Z mb` I gZb Dfq‡K mg¸iæZ¡ w`‡q AwZ m~²fv‡e mb` I gZb Df‡qi m~² wePvi-we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ ev Òmb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbvi GKwU c‡ivÿ Afve I AZ¨šÍ Mfx‡ii Av‡e`b i‡q‡Q gymwjg D¤§vni| wKš‘ †m Afve I Av‡e`b c~iY nqwb AvR‡evwa| myZivs gymwjg D¤§vni G Av‡e`b c~i‡Y Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbv Kiv LyeB cÖ‡qvRb|

wZb. Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ iwPZ n‡j gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ weivRgvb nv`xm‡K› ªxK Ø›` ev gZ‰ØZZv K‡g Avm‡e| d‡j gymwjg D¤§vni g‡a¨ GKZv cÖwZwôZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

Pvi. gymwjgiv mnxn nv`x‡mi Ávb AR©b I mnxn nv`x‡mi Ici Avgj cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z Pvb| Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ iwPZ n‡j gymjgvb‡ì †mB cÖ‡qvRb c~iY n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

cvuP. Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ iwPZ n‡j wbi¼ykfv‡e mnxn nv`x‡mi Ici gymwjg D¤§vni Avgj cÖwZwôZ n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|

Qq. mg‡qi weeZ©‡b †Kvb nv`xm †hb nvwi‡q bv hvq, †Kvb lohš¿Kvixi loh‡š¿ nv`xm bq, Ggb †Kvb welq †hb nv`xm wn‡m‡e gymwjg mgv‡R cÖPvwiZ I cÖPwjZ bv nq wKsev ÁvbMZ Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y gymwjg D¤§vni Rxeb AvPi‡Y †hb †Kvb fzj nv`x‡mi AbycÖ‡ek bv nq, †mRb¨ mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©‡qi M‡elYvi Øvi D¤§y³ _vK‡e wKqvgZ ch©šÍ| AZGe †h‡Kvb hy‡M †h‡Kvb gynvwÏm ev nv`x‡mi cwÐZ nv`xmweÁv‡bi mwVK c×wZ I bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K mnxn I hCd wbY©‡qi M‡elYv Kivi AwaKvi msiÿY K‡ib| G M‡elYv Ae¨vnZ ivLvi cÖqv‡mi Ask wn‡m‡e Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`x‡mi msKjbÓ iPbv cÖ‡qvRb|

40

KziAvb wimvP© dvD‡Ûk‡bi Aax‡b iwPZe¨ ev cÖ ÍvweZ nv`xm msKjb¸‡jvi mswÿß cwiPq GK. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb: Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ-G †hme nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡e, Zv mb` I gZb Dfq w`K we‡ePbvq mnxn|

`yB. mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb: Òmb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ-G †hme nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡e, Zv mb` I gZb Dfq w`K we‡ePbvq hCd|

wZb. gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb: ÒgZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ-G Ggb me nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡e, †hme nv`x‡mi gZb mnxn, wKš‘ mb` mnxn bq| gZb mnxn nv`xm mnxn nv`xm e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e Ges Gme nv`x‡mi Ici Avgj Kiv hv‡e, hwÌ nv`xmwUi mb‡` fzj-ÎæwU cwijwÿZ nq|

Pvi. gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb: ÒgZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ-G Ggb me nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡e, †h nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn wKš‘ gZb mnxn bq| Avi †Kvb gZb hCd nv`xm Avgj‡hvM¨ bq|

Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ-Gi ‰ewkó¨mg~n GK. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKj‡bi Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q` m¾vqb Kiv n‡e welqwfwËK|

`yB. mKj Aa¨vq I cwi‡”Q‡ì welqe ‘i Ici cÖ_‡g Avj-KziAv‡bi AvqvZ Ges cieZx©‡Z mswkøó nv`xm D‡jøL Kiv n‡e|

wZb. G msKj‡b cÖ_gZ Bjg, wØZxqZ Cgvb, Z…ZxqZ Bev`Z, PZz_©Z †gvÔAvgvjvZ, cÂgZ AvLjvK, Zvici Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi nv`xm msKjb Kiv n‡e|

Pvi. G msKj‡b Bmjv‡gi mKj †gŠwjK wel‡q mnxn nv`xm¸‡jvi msKjb Kiv n‡e|

cvuP. G msKjbwU cÖ‡qvRb msL¨K L‡Ði gva¨‡g cwimgvß Kiv n‡e| cÖwZ L‡Ð 500 nv`xm mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡e|

Qq. G msKj‡bi mKj nv`xm mb` I gZb Dfq wePv‡i mnxn|

nv`xm MÖnY I eR©‡b mswÿß bxwZgvjv GK. †hme nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb Dfq-B mnxn, Zv wbm‡›`‡n mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ I cwiM„nxZ| Avi Giƒc nv`x‡mi Ici gymwjg D¤§vni Avgj Acwinvh©|

`yB. †hme nv`x‡mi gZb mnxn, Giƒc nv`xm mnxn nv`xm wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ I cwiM„nxZ Ges Giƒc nv`xmi IciI Avgj Acwinvh©|

wZb. †hme nv`xm mb` I gZb Dfq wePv‡i hCd, Zv hCd nv`xm wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ Ges Giƒc nv`xm eR©bxq A_©vr Giƒc nv`x‡mi Ici Avgj Rv‡qh bq|

Pvi. †hme nv`xm gI ~Ô Zv wbm‡›`‡n cwiZ¨vR¨|

41

Òmb` I gZb mnxn Ges mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbvq Abym„Z c×wZ I bxwZgvjv Òmb` I gZb mnxn Ges mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbvi Rb¨ G msKjb¸‡jvi cÖwZwU nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm‡ì cÖYxZ I ¯xK…Z bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv n‡e| nv`x‡mi mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvq †h c×wZ I bxwZgvjv AbymiY Kiv n‡e, Zv wb¤œiƒc:

K. mb` cixÿv-wbixÿv GK. †hme nv`x‡mi mb` B‡Zvg‡a¨ hy‡M hy‡M gynvwÏm‡ì cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci me©m¤§wZµ‡g mnxn e‡j we‡ewPZ, †mme nv`x‡mi mb` cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv n‡e bv| Gme nv`x‡mi mb` mnxn e‡j M„nxZ n‡e| Avevi †hme nv`x‡mi mb` gynvwÏm‡ì wbKU me©m¤§wZµ‡g hCd e‡j ¯xK…Z I M„nxZ, †mme nv`x‡mi mbÌ cixÿv-wbixÿv n‡e bv| Gme nv`x‡mi mb` hCd e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

`yB. †h nv`xmMÖ‡š’i m~Îg‡Z nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn wKsev hCd nv`x‡mi bx‡P ev †klvs‡k †m MÖš’wUi bvg mswÿßvKv‡i D‡jøL Kiv n‡e| ‡hgb, mnxn eyLvixi ev mnxn gymwj‡gi m~Îg‡Z nv`xmwUi mb` mnxn|

wZb. Z‡e †hme nv`x‡mi mb‡ì e¨vcv‡i gZ‰ØZZv ev weZK© i‡q‡Q, †mme nv`x‡mi mb` Dm~‡j nv`x‡mi bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i mb‡ì h_v_©Zv wbiƒcY Kiv n‡e|

L. gZb cwiÿv-wbixÿv cÖ_gZ Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi e³e¨ welq ev gZb cixÿv-wbixÿv K‡i gZbwU mwVK ev fzj e‡j wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqv| nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq hw` Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï mgv_©K nq Ges Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï mv‡_ hw` cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e mvsNwl©K ev wecixZ bv nq, Zvn‡j nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mnxn e‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡e| Avi hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï mgv_©K bv nq, eis cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e Avj-KziAv‡bi e³‡eï mv‡_ mvsNwl©K ev wecixZ nq, Zvn‡j nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq gI ~Õ e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

wØZxqZ hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi mgv_©K †Kvb e³e¨ Avj-KziAv‡b cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e bv cvIqv hvq, Zvn‡j Giƒc nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i me©m¤§wZµ‡g ¯xK…Z I M„nxZ mb` I gZb mnxn nv`x‡mi e³e¨ AbymÜvb Kiv n‡e| hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq me©m¤§wZµ‡g ¯xK…Z I M„nxZ mb` I gZb mnxn nv`x‡mi mgv_©K nq Ges Giƒc mnxn nv`x‡mi e³‡eï mv‡_ cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e mvsNwl©K ev wecixZ bv nq, Zvn‡j nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mnxn e‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡e| Avi hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq me©m¤§wZµ‡g ¯xK…Z I M„nxZ mb` I gZb mnxn nv`x‡mi e³‡eï mv‡_ mvsNwl©K ev wecixZ nq, Zvn‡j Giƒc nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY K‡i Gi mwVK Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiv n‡e| A_v©r nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY K‡i nv`xmwU‡K hCd ev gI ~ wn‡m‡e wPbwnZ Kiv n‡e|

Z…ZxqZ hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi e¨vcv‡i Avj-KziAvb Ges me©m¤§wZµ‡g ¯xK…Z I M„nxZ mb` I gZb mnxn nv`x‡m †Kvb e³e¨ cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e bv cvIqv hvq, Zvn‡j Giƒc

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nv`x‡mi e³‡eï e¨vcv‡i cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm, Av‡jg-Ijvgv‡ì e³e¨-gšÍe¨ I BRgv-wKqv‡mi wm×všÍ AbymÜvb Kiv n‡e Ges Avjøvn cÖ Ë we‡eK-eyw× I M‡elYvjã Ávb Gi Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿv Kiv n‡e| hw` nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm, Av‡jg-Ijvgvi e³e¨ I gšÍe¨ Ges BRgv-wKqv‡mi mgv_©K nq, †mBmv‡_ we‡eK-eyw× I M‡elYvjä Ávbm¤§Z nq, GwU hw` hyw³MÖvn¨, ev¯Íe I weÁvbm¤§Z nq, Zvn‡j nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mnxn e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e| Avi nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq hw` cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm, Av‡jg-Ijvgv‡ì e³e¨-gšÍe¨ I BRgv-wKqv‡mi cwicš’x nq, †mBmv‡_ nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq hw` we‡eK-eyw× I M‡elYvjä Ávbm¤§Z bv nq, GwU hw` A‡hŠw³K, Aev Íe I weÁvb mgw_©Z bv nq, Zvn‡j nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi h_v_©Zv we‡kølY K‡i Gi Ae ’vb wbY©q Kiv n‡e| A_v©r nv`xmwUi gZb ev e³e¨ wel‡qi h_v_©Zv wbY©q K‡i gZb ev e³e¨ welq hCd ev gI ~Ô e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

PZz_©Z nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvq cÖL¨vZ gynvwÏm‡ì M‡elYvjä I cÖYxZ bxwZgvjv106 AbymiY Kiv n‡e| cÂgZ mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci mb` I gZb Df‡qi weï×Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡j nv`xmwU‡K mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm e‡j MÖnY Kiv n‡e| Avi cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci mb` I gZb Df‡qi `ye©jZv cÖgvwYZ n‡j nv`xmwU‡K mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

lôZ mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci †hme nv`x‡mi gZb mnxn e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e, wKš‘ mb‡ì `ye©jZv cwi „ó n‡e, †mme nv`xm gZb mnxn nv`xm e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

mßgZ mb` I gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi ci †hme nv`x‡mi gZb hCd e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e, wKš‘ mb‡ì weï×Zv cwi „ó n‡e, †mme nv`xm gZb hCd nv`xm e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

¯§Z©e¨, mb` I gZ‡bi ye©jZvi aib, cÖK…wZ, Ae ’vb I eûwea w`K wePvi-we‡kølY K‡i †Kvb ‡Kvb nv`xm‡K hCd ev †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡K gI ~Ô e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e| A_v©r †hme nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡bi ye©jZv nvjKv ev Kg ev ¸iæZi bq; †hgb eY©bvKvix nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbY©‡q kZv©‡iv‡c bgbxq, wZwb e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b gvKiƒn Kv‡R Af¨ ’ wKsev nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq Ab¨ †Kvb mnxn nv`x‡mi mgv_©K bq-Giƒc nv`xm‡K hCd nv`xm ejv n‡e| Avi †hme nv`x‡mi mb` I gZ‡bi ye©jZv ¸iæZi, cÖKU; †hgb ivex gybvwdK ev wg_¨vev`x wKsev nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq mivmwi Avj-KziAvb I mnxn nv`x‡mi e³‡eï cwicš’x-Giƒc nv`xm‡K gI ~Ô nv`xm e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv n‡e|

DcwiD³ bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ_gZ Òmb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ Ges Òmb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ, wØZxqZ ÒgZb mnxn nv`xm msKjbÓ Ges ÒgZb hCd nv`xm msKjbÓ, me‡k‡l ÒgI ~Ô nv`xm msKjbÓ iPbv Kiv n‡e, Bb&kv-Avjøvn|

106. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y nv`x‡mi gZb ev e³e¨ welq cixÿv-wbixÿvi c×wZ I bxwZgvjv B‡Zvc~‡e© 30 I 31 bs c„ôvq Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

43

cÖ_gZ mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb mb` I gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb

wØZxqZ

gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb gZb hCd nv`xm msKjb

Z…ZxqZ

gI`~Ô nv`xm msKjb

44

m~PxcÎ

µwgK bs

welqe¯‘ c„ôv

1. f‚wgKv 2. mnxn I hCd ��m wbY©‡qi c×wZ 3. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡bi †cÖÿvcU 4. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv

K. mnxn nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv L. hCd I gI`~Ô nv`xm wbiƒcY I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjv

5. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbY©q I msKj‡b gynvwÏm‡ì Abym„Z bxwZgvjvi GKwU chv©‡jvPbv

6. c~e©eZx nv`xmMÖš’ †_‡K nv`xm msMÖn K‡i mb` ms‡ÿcYg~jK nv`xmMÖš’ msKjb 7. mnxn I hCd nv`xm wbiƒc‡Y gynvwÏm‡ì mvaviY bxwZgvjv

K. mb` cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv L. gZb cixÿv-wbixÿvi bxwZgvjv

8. mnxn nv`x‡mi msÁvi Av‡jv‡K nv`x‡mi weï×Zv wbiƒc‡Yi bxwZgvjv 9. nv`x‡mi wewfbœ cwiPq, cwifvlv I ‡kÖYxweb¨vm mb`‡K›`ªxK

K. mb‡ì †kl ¯Íi wePv‡i nv`x‡mi †kÖYxweb¨vm L. eY©bvKvix‡ì msL¨vi w`K †_‡K nv`x‡mi †kÖYxweb¨vm M. weï×Zv I ye©jZvi w`K we‡ePbvq nv`x‡mi ‡kÖYxweb¨vm

10. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKj‡bi †hŠw³KZv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv 11. cÖ ÍvweZ nv`xm msKjb¸‡jvi mswÿß cwiPq 12. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb-Gi ‰ewkó¨mg~n 13. nv`xm MÖnY I eR©‡b mswÿß bxwZgvjv 14. mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKj‡b Abym„Z bxwZgvjv Aa¨vq: Bjg ev Ávb

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Bjg ev ÁvbvR©‡bi wb‡ ©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Bjg ev ÁvbvR©‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Bjg ev Ávbvbyhvqx Avgj Aa¨vq: KziAv‡bi Ávb AR©b

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: KziAv‡bi cÖwZwU kã I ev‡Kï fve-A_© ey‡S cvV Kivi ¸iæZ¡ wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: KziAvb ey‡S covi dhxjZ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Mv‡bi my‡i bq, Ave„wËi my‡i KziAvb cvV PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: KziAvb gRx` gyL¯’ Kiv Ges Zv fz‡j hvIqvq mveavbZv Aej¤b Aa¨vq: mybœvni Ávb AR©b

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: mybœvn KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v

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wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: mybœvn-Gi Ávb AR©‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Aa¨vq: AvKj ev we‡eK-eyw×

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: AvKj ev we‡eK-eyw×i cwiPq wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Bmjv‡g AvKj ev we‡eK-eyw×i ¸iæZ¡ Aa¨vq: gvbe m„wói D‡Ïk¨

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: gvbe m„wói BwZnvm wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: gvbe m„wói D‡Ïk¨ Aa¨vq: bex-im~j †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: bex-im~j‡ì cwiPq wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: bex-im~j †cÖi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨

Cgvb Aa¨vq: Avjøvn

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: gnvb Avjøvni cwiPq wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: gnvb Avjøvni ¸Yvejx Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: gnvb Avjøvni cÖksmv I Zvui cÖwZ K…ZÁZv PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: gnvb Avjøvni cÖwZ fvjevmv cÂg cwi‡”Q`: Mvqex Lei †Kej AvjøvnB Rv‡bb lô cwi‡”Q`: Avjøvni `x`vi Aa¨vq: †d‡ikZv

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: †d‡ikZvi cÖwZ Cgvb Aa¨vq: Avmgvbx wKZve

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Avmgvbx wKZv‡ei cÖwZ Cgvb Aa¨vq: bex-im~j

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: bex-im~j‡ì cÖwZ Cgvb wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: gnvbex gynv¤§` (m.)-Gi cÖwZ fvjevmv Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: gnvbex gynv¤§` (m.) gvbyl wQ‡jb PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: gnvbex gynv¤§` (m.) Av‡Lix bex Aa¨vq: ciKvj

46

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ciKv‡j Cgvb wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: g„Zz¨ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Kei PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: nvki cÂg cwi‡”Q`: gxhvb lô cwi‡”Q`: wmivZ mßg cwi‡”Q`: RvbœvZ-Rvnvbœvg Aa¨vq: ZK`xi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ZK`x‡ii cÖwZ Cgvb Aa¨vq: wkiK I we`ÔAvn

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: wkiK wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: we`ÔAvn

Bmjvg cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Bmjv‡gi cwiPq wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Bmjv‡gi Í¤¢mg~n

Bev`Z Aa¨vq: wbqZ

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: wbqZ I BLjvm Aa¨vq: Bev`‡Z ga¨gcš’v

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Bev`‡Z ga¨gcš’v Aej¤b Aa¨vq: Z¡nvivn

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: Z¡nvivn ev cweÎZv AR©‡bi wb‡`©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: cweÎZv AR©‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: †Mvmj PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: Ih~ cÂg cwi‡”Q`: Ih~i dhxjZ lô cwi‡”Q`: Zvqv¤§yg mßg cwi‡”Q`: wgmIqvK Aóg Aa¨vq: bvRvmvZ †_‡K cweÎZv AR©‡bi wbqg Aa¨vq: mvjvZ

47

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: mvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: mvjvZ Av`v‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: diR mvjvZmg~n †ndvRZ Kivi Av‡`k Ges Gme mvjvZ

cwiZ¨vM Kivi wec‡ÿ K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv I fxwZ cÖ k©b

PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: dRi I Avm‡ii mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ cÂg cwi‡”Q`: BkivK I Pvk‡Zi mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ lô cwi‡”Q`: Zvwnq¨vZzj gmwR‡ì mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv mßg cwi‡”Q`: Ah~ Kivi ci yÕ ivKvÔAvZ mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv Aóg cwi‡”Q`: RygyÔAvi w`b I RygyÔAvi mvjv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ beg cwi‡”Q`: RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kivi ¸iæZ¡ `kg cwi‡”Q`: KvZv‡ii dhxjZ GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: mvjv‡Zi Rb¨ cÖZxÿv Kivi ¸iæZ¡ Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: Avhv‡bi ¸iæZ¡

Aa¨vq: hvKvZ cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: hvKvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡ ©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: hvKvZ Av`v‡qi ¸iæZ¡ Aa¨vq: mvIg cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: mvIg cvj‡bi wb‡ ©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: mvIg cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: mvjvZzZ Zvivexn PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: mvnix cÂg cwi‡”Q`: BdZvi lô cwi‡”Q`: jvBjvZzj Kì mßg cwi‡”Q`: BwZKvd Aóg cwi‡”Q`: ighvb gv‡m `vb-LqivZ beg cwi‡”Q`: Avivdv I Avïivi w`b Ges gynvii‡gi beg Zvwi‡L †ivhv ivLvi

dhxjZ

`kg cwi‡”Q`: kvIqvj gv‡m Qqw`b †ivhv ivLv GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: †mvgevi I e„n¯úwZevi †ivhv cvjb Kiv Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: cÖ‡Z¨K gv‡m wZbw`b †ivhv cvjb Kiv Aa¨vq: n¾ cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: n¾ cvj‡bi wb‡ ©k wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: n¾ cvj‡bi ¸iæZ¡

48

Aa¨vq: wRnv` cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: wRnv‡ì ¸iæZ¡ Aa¨vq: mvjvg cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: mvjv‡gi ghv© v I m¤úªmviY wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: mvjv‡gi wbqg-c×wZ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: mvjv‡gi wkóvPvi PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: evi evi †`Lv-mvÿv‡Z mvjvg cÂg cwi‡”Q`: N‡i cÖ‡ek Kivi mgq mvjvg †`qv lô cwi‡”Q`: wkï-wK‡kvi‡ì‡K mvjvg †`qv mßg cwi‡”Q`: ¯vgx- ¿x‡K mvjvg †`qv Aóg cwi‡”Q`: gvn&ivg gwnjv‡ì‡K mvjvg †`qv beg cwi‡”Q`: wdZbvi AvksKv bv _vK‡j AcwiwPZv gwnjv‡ì mvjvg Kiv Ges

G k‡Z© gwnjv‡ì gvnivg bq Ggb cyiæl‡ì mvjvg Kiv

`kg cwi‡”Q`: Kv‡di‡K cÖ_g mvjvg Kiv nvivg GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: Kv‡d‡ii mvjv‡gi Reve †`qvi c×wZ Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: †h gRwj‡m Kvwdi I gymjgvb Df‡qB i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b mvjvg

†`qvi c×wZ

Î‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: gRwjm †_‡K we`vq †bqvi mgq mvjv‡gi c×wZ PZz ©k cwi‡”Q`: AbygwZ cÖv_©bvq mvjvg cÂ`k cwi‡”Q`: Kv‡iv mv‡_ mvÿv‡Zi mgq mvjvg I gymvdvnv Aa¨vq: ìƒ` I mvjvg cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ìƒ` I mvjvg Aa¨vq: whKi-AvhKvi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: whKi-AvhKv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: cÖfvZ I mÜ¨vq gnvb Avjøvni whKi ev ¯§iY Aa¨vq: yÔAv

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: yÔAvi ¸iæZ¡ Aa¨vq: g„Z e¨w³, Rvbvhv I Kvdb-`vdb

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: g„Z¨ c_hvÎx‡K Ôjv-Bjvnv BjøvjøvnÕ-Gi ZvjKxb †`qv wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: g„‡Zi †PvL eÜ Kivi ci †h †`vÔAv cvV Ki‡Z nq Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: g„Z e¨w³i Kv‡Q wK ejv DwPZ, hvi M„‡n †KD gviv hvq Zv‡K wK

49

ejv n‡e PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: wPrKvi I †kvK Mvu_v MvIqv Qvov g„‡Zi Rb¨ KvbœvKvwU Kiv êa cÂg cwi‡”Q`: g„‡Zi †Kvb AcQ›`bxq e ‘ †`Lvi ci Zv †Mvcb Kiv lô cwi‡”Q`: Rvbvhvi bvgvR cov, Rvbvhvi mv‡_ Mgb Kiv I jvk `vd‡bi mgq

nvwRi _vKv

mßg cwi‡”Q`: Rvbvhvi mv‡_ gwnjv‡ì hvIqv gvKiƒn Aóg cwi‡”Q`: Rvbvhvi mvjv‡Z gymjøx †ewk nIqv Ges gymjøx‡ì wZb ev wZ‡bi

AwaK KvZvi Kiv gy Ívnve

beg cwi‡”Q`: Rvbvhvq ªæZ wb‡q hvIqv `kg cwi‡”Q`: g„‡Zi FY AbwZwej‡¤ Av`vq Kiv I Zvi Kvdb-`vdb ªæZ

mgvav Kiv

GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: Kei ev mgvwai Kv‡Q `vuwo‡q IqvR-bwmnZ Kiv Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: gy`v©‡K `vdb Kivi ci Zvi Rb¨ yÔAv Kiv Ges yÔAv Bw¯ÍMdvi

I KziAvb cv‡Vi Rb¨ Zvi Ke‡ii cv‡k wKQzÿY emv

G‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: g„‡Zi cÿ †_‡K m`vKv cÖ vb I Zvi Rb¨ yÔAv Kiv PZz ©k cwi‡”Q`: gvbe †_‡K g„‡Zi Zvwid ev cÖksmv cÂ`k cwi‡”Q`: hvi wkï mšÍvb g„ZëiY K‡i Zvi D”PZi ghv© vi K_v ‡lvok cwi‡”Q`: AZ¨vPvix‡ì Ke‡ii KvQ w`‡q hvIqvi mgq fxZ nIqv I

KvbœvKvwU Kiv Ges gnvb Avjøvni mvg‡b `xbZv cÖKvk Kiv

Aa¨vq: ZIev I B‡¯ÍMdvi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ZIev I B‡¯ÍMdvi Aa¨vq: kvdvÔAvZ

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: kvdvÔAvZ

‡gvÔAvgvjvZ Aa¨vq: eëmv-evwYR¨

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: eëmv‡qi ¸iæZ¡ wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: eëmvqx‡ì ghv© v Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: my` PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: FY-‡`bv cÂg cwi‡”Q`: wbR nv‡Z DcvwR©Z Lv`¨ fÿY lô cwi‡”Q`: Kihv‡q nvmvbvn Aa¨vq: weevn

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: weev‡ni ¸iæZ¡

50

Aa¨vq: †cvlvK-cwi”Q`

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`:‡cvlvK-cwi”Q‡ì ¸iæZ¡

AvLjvK cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: mrKv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Kiv wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: BqvZxg I `wi`ª gvby‡li mv‡_ mreënvi Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: gwnjv‡ì m‡½ mreënvi PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: cwievi-cwiR‡bi cÖwZ m`vPiY cÂg cwi‡”Q`: wcZvgvZvi cÖwZ mØënvi Aa¨vq: gvbexq ¸Ymg~n

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: ZvKIqv ev AvjøvnfxwZ wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: wm`K ev mZëv`xZv Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: GKZv PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: AvgvbZ cÂg cwi‡”Q`: cÖwZÁv cvjb lô cwi‡”Q`: mei ev âh© mßg cwi‡”Q`: mshg Aóg cwi‡”Q`: mnbkxjZv beg cwi‡”Q`: `vbkxjZv `kg cwi‡”Q`: †KvgjZv GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: ÿgv Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: Z¨vM I mngwg©Zv G‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: wgZe¨wqZv PZz ©k cwi‡”Q`: A‡í Zzwô cÂ`k cwi‡”Q`: m`vPvi †lvok cwi‡”Q`: nvwmgy‡L K_v mß`k cwi‡”Q`: Mv¤¢xh© I cÖkvšÍZv Aóv`k cwi‡”Q`: j¾vkxjZv Dbwesk cwi‡”Q`: ïfKv‡R cÖwZ‡hvwMZv weskZg cwi‡”Q`: †MvcbxqZv iÿv Kiv GKweskZg cwi‡”Q`: AvZ¥ch©‡eÿY Aa¨vq: gvbexq †`vlmg~n

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: wg_¨v wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Lvivc aviYv †cvlY Kiv Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: MxeZ ev ciwb›`v Kiv

51

PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: KzUbvgx Kiv cÂg cwi‡”Q`: KvD‡K †LvuUv †`qv lô cwi‡”Q`: A‡bï †`vl-ÎæwU AbymÜvb Kiv mßg cwi‡”Q`: †avuKv †`qv ev cÖZviYv Kiv Aóg cwi‡”Q`: cÖwZkÖæwZ f½ Kiv beg cwi‡”Q`: wiqv ev AnsKvi Kiv `kg cwi‡”Q`: wnsmv Kiv GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: †jvf-jvjmv Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: KcUZv Î‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: K…cYZv PZz ©k cwi‡”Q`: Ryjg Kiv cÂ`k cwi‡”Q`: Mvjg›` Kiv Aa¨vq: AwaKvi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: gvZv-wcZvi AwaKvi wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: ¯vgx- ¿xi cvi¯úwiK AwaKvi Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: AvZ¥xq-¯R‡bi AwaKvi PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: cÖwZ‡ekxi AwaKvi cÂg cwi‡”Q`: eÜz-evÜ‡ei AwaKvi Aa¨vq: Aciva I kvw Í

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: cÖvY-nZ¨v wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: wKmvm I w`qvZ Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Pzwi-WvKvwZ PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: g`¨cvb I Ryqv cÂg cwi‡”Q`: e¨wfPvi lô cwi‡”Q`: gyiZv` I Zvi kvw Í mßg cwi‡”Q`: Bmjvgx `Ð weavb cÖ‡qvM bv Kivi Rb¨ mycvwik Kiv nvivg Aa¨vq: Avè ev wkóvPvi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: †bKKvi ev›`v‡ì mv‡_ webq I m`q eënvi wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Kv‡iv N‡i cÖ‡e‡ki Avè ev wkóvPvi Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: DËg Kv‡Ri Af¨vm ˆZix Kiv PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: †gngvb‡ì Avì-Avc¨vqY Kiv cÂg cwi‡”Q`: ¯-cwiev‡ii †jvK‡ì‡K Avè-Kvq`v wkÿv †`qv lô cwi‡”Q`: Avn‡j evBZ ev im~jyjøvn (m.)-Gi cwievie‡M©i cÖwZ m¤§vbcÖ k©b mßg cwi‡”Q`: Avwjg-Ijvgv‡ì cÖwZ m¤§vbcÖ k©b Aóg cwi‡”Q`: †bKKvi e¨w³‡ì myneZ MÖnY beg cwi‡”Q`: Kj¨vYg~jK mfv-mwgwZ‡Z Dcw ’Z nIqv

52

`kg cwi‡”Q`: Avnv‡ii wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: Lvev‡ii ïiæ‡Z ÔwemwgjøvnÕ I †k‡l ÔAvj-nvg`ywjjøvnÕ ejv Aby‡”Q`: Lvev‡ii e`bvg bv Kiv eis cÖksmv Kiv Aby‡”Q`: mIg cvjbKvixi Lvevi Aby‡”Q`: hv‡K `vIqvZ †`qv nq wZwb hw` Ab¨ KvD‡K wb‡q Av‡mb, Z‡e Zv

`vIqvZKvix‡K AewnZ Kiv

Aby‡”Q`: mv_x‡ì AbygwZ e¨ZxZ ywU †LRyi GK‡Î LvIqv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Aby‡”Q`: Lvevi e¨vcv‡i cwiZ…ß bv n‡j KiYxq Aby‡”Q`: Lvev‡ii GKcvk †_‡K LvIqv, gvSLvb †_‡K LvIqv wbwl× Aby‡”Q`: ‡njvb w`‡q LvIqv gvKiƒn Aby‡”Q`: wZb Avs¸‡j LvIqv I Av½yj †P‡U LvIqv Aby‡”Q`: c‡o hvIqv †jvKgv DwV‡q LvIqv Aby‡”Q`: Lvev‡ii fvM-e›Ub Aby‡”Q`: cvwb cvb Kivi wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: gyk‡K gyL jvwM‡q cvwb cvb Kiv gvKiƒn Aby‡”Q`: cvb Kivi cvwb‡Z dzuK †`qv AbywPZ Aby‡”Q`: cvwb cvb msµvšÍ dhxjZ GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: †cvlvK-cwi”Q` Aby‡”Q`: mv`v Kvco cov gy Ívnve Aby‡”Q`: jvj, meyR, njy` I Kvj is‡qi Kvco cov Rv‡qh Aby‡”Q`: Rvgv cwiavb Kivi wbqg Aby‡”Q`: Rvgv, Av¯Íxb, jyw½-cvMoxi ˆ`N© Z¡ Aby‡”Q`: †cvlv‡K webq I b¤ªZv Aby‡”Q`: ‡cvlvK-cwi”Q‡` ga¨gcš’v Aej¤b Aby‡”Q`: cyiæ‡li Rb¨ †ikgx Kvco cwiavb Kiv nvivg Ges gwnjvi Rb¨

cwiavb Kiv Rvwqh

Aby‡”Q`: †h me Kvi‡Y †ikgx †cvlvK cwiavb Rv‡qh Aby‡”Q`: †cvlvK cwiavb Kivi wbqg Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: Ny‡gi wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: wewfbœ KvRKg© I ¯cœ msµvšÍ wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: ‡kvqvi wbqg Aby‡”Q`: gRwj‡m emvi wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: ¯^cœ mswkøó welqmg~n Î‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: md‡ii wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: e„n¯úwZevi I wè‡mi cÖ_g w`‡K åg‡Y Mgb Kiv Aby‡”Q`: åg‡Yi mv_x AbymÜvb Kiv Ges mevB hvi AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡e Ggb

e¨w³‡K wb‡R‡ì ga¨ †_‡K Avgxi g‡bvbxZ Kiv

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Aby‡”Q`: Pjv, AeZiY Kiv, iRbx AwZevwnZ Kiv I åg‡Y wb ªv hvevi wkóvPvi Aby‡”Q`: iRbx‡Z Pjv, cïi cÖwZ †Kvgj eënvi Kiv Ges Zv‡ì my‡hvM-

myweavi cÖwZ †Lqvj ivLv gy Ívnve

Aby‡”Q`: ågY Ae ’vq m½x‡K g`` Kiv Aby‡”Q`: evn‡bi wc‡V P‡o ågY Kivi mgq yÔAv cvV Kiv Aby‡”Q`: D”P ’v‡b Povi mgq ågYKvix ÔAvjøvû AvKeiÕ ejv, DcZ¨Kvq

AeZi‡Yi mgq ÔmyenvbvjøvnÕ ejv

Aby‡”Q`: ågYiZ Ae ’vq †`vÔAv Kiv gy Ívnve Aby‡”Q`: †Kvb gvbe ev Aci wKQzi fxwZi mÂvi n‡j †h †`vÔAv cvV Ki‡Z n‡e Aby‡”Q`: †Kvb MšÍ‡e¨ AeZiY Ki‡j †h †`vÔAv cvV Ki‡Z n‡e Aby‡”Q`: Riæix Pvwn`v cwic~Y© nevi ci ågYKvix AbwZwej‡¤ M„‡n ‡div

gy¯Ívnve

Aby‡”Q`: w`‡bi †ejv wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii wbK‡U Avmv gy Ívnve Ges ìKvi e¨ZxZ iv‡Î Avmv AcQ›`bxq

Aby‡”Q`: ågY n‡Z wd‡i wb‡Ri bMi Ae‡jvKb Kivi ci yÔAv cvV Ki‡Z n‡e Aby‡”Q`: ågY n‡Z cÖZ¨veZ©bKvixi wb‡Ri GjvKvi gmwR` n‡Z Avi¤¢ Kiv Ges

†mLv‡b yÕ ivKvÔAvZ bdj mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv gy Ívnve

Aby‡”Q`: bvix‡ì GKvKx ågY Kiv nvivg Aa¨vq: †ivMxi mv‡_ wkóvPvi

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: †ivMx‡K †`L‡Z hvIqv wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: Amy ’ †ivMxi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Kivi fvlv Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: Amy ’ †ivMxi N‡ii †jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q Zvi Ae ’v wRÁvmv Kiv PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: Amy ’ †ivMxi N‡ii †jvK‡ì I †meK‡ì mv‡_ †Kvgj I m`q

AvPiY Kiv

cÂg cwi‡”Q`: Amy ’ †ivMxi hv ejvi AbygwZ i‡q‡Q Aa¨vq: wbwl× Kvh©mg~n

cÖ_g cwi‡”Q`: `vb K‡i KvD‡K †LvuUv †`qv wØZxq cwi‡”Q`: GK gymwjg Aci gymwj‡gi mv‡_ wZb w`‡bi AwaK K_v eÜ

ivLv bv Rv‡qh

Z…Zxq cwi‡”Q`: wZbR‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb‡K Gwo‡q yR‡b Kv‡b Kv‡b K_v ejv wb‡la

PZz_© cwi‡”Q`: kiC KviY e¨ZxZ µxZ`vm, Rxe-Rš‘, ¿x‡jvK Ges mšÍvb‡ì‡K wkóvPvi I Avè-Kvq`vi Rb¨ hZUzKz ìKvi Zvi AwZwi³ kvw¯Í †`qv wbwl×

cÂg cwi‡”Q`: †Kvb Rš‘ GgbwK wcucov Ges Abyiƒc †Kvb Rš‘‡KI Av¸b w`‡q kvw Í †`qv bv Rv‡qh

lô cwi‡”Q`: cÖvcK Zvi cvIbv `vex Ki‡j abx e¨w³ Uvjevnvbv Kiv nvivg mßg cwi‡”Q`: Dc‡XŠKb w`‡q Zv cÖvc‡Ki Kv‡Q n ÍvšÍi bv K‡i †diZ †bqv

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AcQ›`bxq Aóg cwi‡”Q`: BqvZx‡gi welq-m¤úwË AvZ¥mvr Kiv K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× beg cwi‡”Q`: AcwiwPZ gwnjvi cÖwZ kiC KviY e¨ZxZ „wó †`qv bv Rv‡qh `kg cwi‡”Q`: cibvix‡ì m‡½ wbR©‡b †`Lv-mvÿvZ Kiv bv Rv‡qh GKv`k cwi‡”Q`: †cvlvK-AvlvK, Pvj-Pjb, AvPvi-AvPiY BZ¨vw`‡K cyiæl

KZ…©K bvixi Ges bvix KZ©„K cyiæ‡li AbyKiY bv Rv‡qh

Øv`k cwi‡”Q`: kqZvb I Kv‡di‡ì AbymiY AbyKiY Kiv wb‡la Î‡qv`k cwi‡”Q`: bvix cyiæl mevi †K‡k Kv‡jv wLhve eënvi Kiv wbwl× PZz ©k cwi‡”Q`: gv_vi wKQz Ask gyÐv‡bv wb‡la, gv_vi wKQz Ask gy‡o wKQz As‡k

†Kk †i‡L †`qv wb‡la

cÂ`k cwi‡”Q`: ciPzjv eënvi, Dwé AsKb I `vuZ †Pu‡Q wPKb Kiv bv Rv‡qh †lvok cwi‡”Q`: mv`v `vwo I gv_vi mv`v †Kk Dc‡o †djv, Ziæ‡Yi `vwo Zv

MRv‡j Dc‡o †djv wb‡la

mß`k cwi‡”Q`: M„‡n R¡jšÍ Av¸b ev cÖ xc R¡vwj‡q †i‡L wb ªv hvIqv wb‡la Aóv`k cwi‡”Q: fvb-fwYZv Kiv wb‡la DbweskZg cwi‡”Q`: g„‡Zi Rb¨ wejvc Kiv nvivg weskZg cwi‡”Q`: †R¨vwZlx Ges fvM¨ MYbvKvix cÖf…wZi Kv‡Q Mgb Kiv wb‡la GKweskZg cwi‡”Q`: weQvbv-cÎ, Kvco-‡Pvco, evwjk, cv_i, avZz, gy`ªv,

KvMRx †bvU BZ¨vwì Dci Rxe-Rš‘i Qwe AsKb Kiv nvivg ev Abyiƒcfv‡e †`qvj, Qv`, c`v©i e ¿, cvMox, Kvco BZ¨vwì Dci wPÎvsKb Kiv wb‡la Ges Gme n‡Z Qwe Zz‡j †djv ev gy‡Q †djvi wb‡ ©k

evBkZg cwi‡”Q`: DU A_ev Aci †Kvb cïi Mjvq N›Uv †eu‡a †`qv gvKiƒn †ZBkZg cwi‡”Q`: gmwR‡` _y_y †djv wbwl× PweŸkZg cwi‡”Q`: gmwR‡` SMov Kjn Kiv, D”P¯‡i kã Kiv ev K_v ejv,

nviv‡bv e ‘ Zvjvk Kiv, †Kbv-‡ePv, fvov BZ¨vw` †jb‡`b Kiv gvKiƒn

cuwPkZg cwi‡”Q`: ‡cuqvR, imyb Ges Abyiƒc †Kvb yM©Ühy³ e ‘ fÿ‡Yi ci yM©Ü `~i nevi c~‡e© webv cÖ‡qvR‡b gmwR‡` Avkv wb‡la

QvweŸkZg cwi‡”Q`: m„wói bv‡g njd Kiv wb‡la mvZvBkZg cwi‡”Q`: †¯”Qvq wg_¨v njd ev kc_ Kiv K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡la AvUvBkZg cwi‡”Q`: µq-weµ‡qi †ÿ‡Î mZ¨ njd KivI mgxPxb bq DbwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: Avjøvni bv‡g †`vnvB w`‡q †e‡n¯Í Qvov Avi wKQz Kvgbv Kiv

gvKiƒn

wÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: †Kvb m¤ªvU ev ivóªcÖavb‡K -Ôkv‡nbkvnÕ ÔivRvwaivRÕ e‡j m‡¤vab Kiv ev Dcvwa †`qv nvivg

GKwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: R¡i‡K MvwjMvjvR Kiv gvKiƒn ewÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: gymwjg‡K Kvwdi e‡j m‡¤vab Kiv bv Rvwqh †ZwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: Akøxj I AkÖve¨ K_v ejv wb‡la †PŠwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvq RwUj evK¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv gvKiƒn

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cqwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: ÔAvgvi Kje KjywlZ n‡q †M‡QÕ G ai‡bi K_v ejv wb‡la QwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: cyiæl‡ì mvg‡b †Kvb bvixi †`‡ni †mŠ›`‡h©i eY©bv †`qv

wb‡la| Z‡e we‡q-kv`x ev G RvZxq †Kvb cÖ‡qvR‡b ˆ`wnK MV‡bi eY©bv Kiv êa

mvBwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: Gkvi mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kivi c‡iI evK¨vjvc Kiv gvKiƒn AvUwÎkZg cwi‡”Q`: ¯vgx wewe‡K kh¨vq WvK‡j kixÔAvZm¤§Z KviY Qvov wewe

kh¨vq Avm‡Z A¯xKvi Kiv bvRv‡qR

DbPwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: ¯vgxi Dcw ’wZ‡Z Zvi AbygwZ Qvov ¯¿xi Rb¨ bdj †ivhv cvjb Kiv bvRv‡qh

PwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: Bgv‡gi c~‡e© gy³v`xi iæK‚-wmR`v n‡Z wki DVv‡bv wb‡la GKPwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: mvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ †Kvg‡i nvZ ivLv gvKiƒn weqvjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: Lv`¨ Dcw ’Z n‡j Ges Lv‡`ï cÖwZ AvMÖn _vK‡j wKsev

AvKl©Y Abyfe Ki‡j, ZLb Lv`¨ bv †L‡q mvjvZ Av`vq Kiv gvKiƒn

†ZZvwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: mvjvZiZ Ae ’vq AvKv‡ki w`‡K `„wócvZ Kiv wb‡la PzqvwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: webv Kvi‡Y mvjvZiZ Ae¯’vq Gw`K †mw`K „wócvZ Kiv

gvKiƒn

cqZvwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: Ke‡ii w`‡K K‡i gyL K‡i mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv wb‡la †PPwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: mvjvZiZ e¨w³i mvg‡b w`‡q hvZvqvZ Kiv wb‡la mvZPwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: gyqvhwhb hLb diR mvjv‡Zi Rvgv‡Zi Rb¨ BKvgZ †`q

ZLb gy³v`xi Rb¨ mybœZ A_ev bdj mvjvZ Kv‡qg Kiv gvKiƒn

AvUPwjøkZg cwi‡”Q`: ïaygvÎ RygyÔAvi w`b‡K †ivhvi Ges RygyÔAvi iRbx‡K bdj mvjv‡Zi Rb¨ mywbw ©ó K‡i ‡bqv gvKiƒn

DbcÂvkZg cwi‡”Q`: mvI‡g wemvj-Dch©ycwi †ivhv cvjb Kiv wb‡la cÂvkZg cwi‡”Q`: Ke‡ii Dci emv nvivg GKcÂvkZg cwi‡”Q`: Kei cvKv Kiv I M¤^yR wbgv©Y Kiv wb‡la evqvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: `Ð Kvh©Ki bv Kivi Aby‡iva Kiv nvivg wZàvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: Rbmvavi‡Yi Pjv‡divi iv¯Ívq, Mv‡Qi Qvqvq Ges cvwbi

NvU BZ¨vw`‡Z gjZ¨vM Kiv wb‡la

PzqvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: e× cvwb‡Z †ckve Kiv wb‡la cÂvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: nvw`‡q †Zvndv †`qvi †ejvq mšÍvb‡ì g‡a¨ KvD‡K

AMÖvwaKvi ‡`qv m½Z bq

QvàvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: ¯vgx Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv g„Zz¨‡Z bvix‡ì wZbw`‡bi AwZwi³ †kvK cvjb Kiv nvivg| ïaygvÎ ¯vgxi g„Zz¨‡Z ¿x Pvi gvm `k w`b †kvK cvjb Ki‡e

mvZvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: kiC KviY Qvov ab-m¤ú` webó Kiv wb‡la AvUvbœZg cwi‡”Q`: †R‡b-ey‡SB †nvK ev nvwm-VvÆv K‡iB †nvK †Kvb gymwj‡gi

cÖwZ Zievwi ev A¯¿ Øviv Bw½Z Kiv wb‡la

DblvUZg cwi‡”Q`: †Kvb Ihi Qvov Avhv‡bi ci diR mvjvZ Kv‡qg bv K‡i

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gmwR` n‡Z †ewi‡q hvIqv gvKiƒn lvUZg cwi‡”Q`: webv Kvi‡Y †Lvkey mvgMÖx wdwi‡q †`qv gvKiƒn GKlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: †Kvb e¨w³i mvg‡b Zvi Zvwid Kiv gvKiƒn evlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: gnvgvixMÖ ’ Rbc` n‡Z f‡q cjvqb Kiv wKsev evwni n‡Z

†mLv‡b Mgb Kiv gvKiƒn

†ZlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: hv`ywe`¨v Zvwjg ‡bqv I cÖ‡qvM Kiv K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× †PŠlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: ykg‡bi n¯ÍMZ nIqvi fq _vK‡j KziAvb kixd wb‡q

Kv‡di‡ì Avevmf‚wg‡Z ågY Kiv wb‡la

cqlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: cvbvnvi, cweÎZv nvwmj I Ab¨vb¨ D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯Y© I iƒcvi cvÎ eënvi Kiv bv Rv‡qh

†PlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: Rvdivb Øviv is Kiv e ¿ cwiavb Kiv cyiæl‡ì Rb¨ bv Rv‡qh

mvZlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: iRbx ch©šÍ mviv w`b Ab_©K Pzc K‡i _vKv wb‡la AvUlwÆZg cwi‡”Q`: cÖK…Z wcZv Qvov Ac‡ii cwiPq †`qv Ges µxZ`v‡mi

cÖK…Z gwbe Qvov A‡bï cwiPq †`qv bv Rv‡qh

DbmËiZg cwi‡”Q`: gnvb me©kw³gvb Avjøvn I Zvui ivm~j †h KvR Ki‡Z eviY K‡i‡Qb †m Kv‡R m¤ú„³ nIqv m¤ú‡K© K‡Vvi mveavb evYx

mËiZg cwi‡”Q`: †KD †Kvb nvivg KvR K‡i em‡j wK ej‡e I wK Ki‡e

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1 mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb · 2017-07-03 · 1 mb` I gZb mnxn nv`xm msKjb f‚wgKv Avj-KziAv‡bi e³e¨ m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mZ¨| G‡Z we›`y cwigvY m‡›`‡ni AeKvk †bB|