39
1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

1Mansel Nelson, ITEP

Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

Page 2: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

2

First Leading Cause of Lung Cancer

Smoking is leading cause of lung cancer  Causes an estimated 160,000 deaths in the

U.S. every year (American Cancer Society, 2004 

Rate among women is rising  Now exceeds breast cancer

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 3: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

3

Second Leading Cause of Lung Cancer

Radon is number one cause of lung cancer among non-smokers 

Second leading cause of lung cancer  Responsible for about 21,000 lung cancer

deaths every year  About 2,900 among people who have

never smoked 

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 4: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

4

Third Leading Cause of Lung Cancer

Secondhand smoke is third leading cause of lung cancer

Estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths every year 

About 1,000 never smoked; about 2,000 former smokers

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 5: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

5

Another Leading Cause of Cancer

Asbestos exposureHighest risk

Mining, milling, manufacturing of asbestos

Use asbestos and its products

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 6: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

6

Synergistic Connections(Radon and Smoking)

Radon and smoking are synergistic Smokers: 62 of 1,000 people will die of lung

cancerNever-smokers: 7.3 of 1,000 for never-

smokers Never-smoker at 1.3 pCi/L (indoor average):

2 in 1,000 chance of dying from lung cancerSmoker at 1.3 pCi/L (indoor average): 20 in

1,000 chance of dying from lung cancer

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 7: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

7

Synergistic Connections(Asbestos and Smoking)

Exposure to asbestos increases risk of developing lung disease

Risk made worse by smoking

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 8: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

8

Page 9: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

9

SmokingHarms nearly every bodily organCausing many diseases, degrades healthEstimated 438,000 deaths (nearly 1 of 5

deaths) each year in U.S.More than by all deaths from human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV), illegal drug use, alcohol use, motor vehicle injuries, suicides, and murders combined

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 10: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

10

Smoking (cont.)Cancer is second leading cause of death First disease directly linked to smokingRisk of dying from lung cancer

23x higher among men 13x higher among women

Smoking causes cancers of bladder, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx (voice box), esophagus, cervix, kidney, lung, pancreas, and stomach, and acute myeloid leukemia

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 11: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

11

Smoking (cont.)Smokers 2–4 times more likely to develop

coronary heart diseaseSmoking doubles a person’s risk for strokeSmokers more than 10x as likely than

nonsmokers to develop peripheral vascular disease

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 12: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

12

Smoking (cont.)Causes tenfold increase in risk of dying

from chronic obstructive lung diseaseMany adverse reproductive and early

childhood effects, including increased risk for infertility, preterm delivery, stillbirth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Postmenopausal women smokers have lower bone density

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 13: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

13

Page 14: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

14

Radon (cont.)Radon in air is ubiquitous Found in outdoor air and indoor

air of buildings of all kinds  No known safe level of radon

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 15: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

15

Radon (cont.)Red alert - radon level above 4 pCi/L

(pico Curies per Liter) Yellow alert - radon levels between 2

pCi/L and 4 pCi/L Average radon indoor air about 1.3

pCi/L

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 16: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

16

Radon in BuildingsFrom soilLower parts of

building at greatest risk

“Stack effect”

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 17: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

17

Radon Testing

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 18: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

18

Page 19: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

19

Surgeon General’s ReportSecond-Hand Smoke

Single greatest avoidable cause of

disease and death

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 20: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

20

Surgeon General’s Report (cont.)

Millions of Americans, children and adults, still exposed to second-hand smoke

Second-hand smoke exposure causes disease and premature death in children and adults who do not smoke

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 21: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

21

Surgeon General’s Report (cont.)

Children exposed to secondhand smoke at increased risk for

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Acute respiratory infections Ear problems More severe asthma

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 22: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

22

Smoke-Free Pledge

http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/

Page 23: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

23

Surgeon General’s Report (cont.)

Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke has immediate adverse effects Cardiovascular system and causes Coronary heart diseaseLung cancer

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 24: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

24

Surgeon General’s Report (cont.)

The scientific evidence indicates there is no risk-free level of exposure to secondhand smoke

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 25: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

25

Surgeon General’s Report (cont.)Eliminating smoking in indoor spaces

fully protects nonsmokers Following actions DO Not protect

nonsmokersSeparating smokers from nonsmokersCleaning the airVentilating buildings

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 26: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

26

Page 27: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

27

Asbestos

What does it look like?

fibrous, friable (able to crumble) and fluffy, almost like a muddy brown or white cotton wool

Page 28: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

28

Asbestos – Health ImpactsLung CancerAsbestosis – serious,

progressive, long-term non-cancer disease of the lungs

Mesothelioma – rare form of cancer found in thin lining (membrane) of lungs

Page 29: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

29

Where is asbestos found?

Acoustic insulatorThermal insulationFire proofingOther building materialsBrake pads / drum Brake liningsAsbestos-cement

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 30: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

30www.nau.edu/eeop

Isn’t asbestos banned?

Asbestos is NOT a banned substance

In 1989, EPA banned all NEW uses of asbestos

Uses established before 1989 are still allowed

Page 31: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

31

Health Risk

Intact, undisturbed asbestos-containing materials generally do not pose a health risk

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 32: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

32

SchoolsPerform inspections and re-

inspection every three years of asbestos-containing material

Asbestos management plan Notification to parent, teacher, and

employee organizations Provide custodial staff with

asbestos-awareness training

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 33: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

33

www.nau.edu/eeop

Work PlaceU.S. Occupational Safety and

Health Administration (OSHA) has issued revised regulations covering asbestos exposure

In construction, there are special regulated-area requirements for asbestos removal, renovation, and demolition operations

Page 34: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

34

www.nau.edu/eeop

HomeMaterials containing asbestos that are

not disturbed or deteriorated do not, in general, pose a health risk and can be left alone

If you are concerned, contact EPA or Health Department

- Test your home - Locate a company trained to remove or contain fibers

Page 35: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

35www.nau.edu/eeop

Synergism of Asbestos and SmokingCigarette smoke and asbestos

together significantly increase your chances of getting lung cancer

If you have been exposed to asbestos, you should stop smoking

This may be the most important action that you can take to improve your health and decrease your risk of cancer

Page 36: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

36

Tobacco Resourceshttp://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secon

dhandsmoke/www.cancer.org www.lungusa.org www.nci.nih.gov/

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 37: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

37

Radon Resourceshttp://www.epa.gov/radon/healthrisks.html

www.neha-nrpp.org/

www.nrsb.org

http://www.epa.gov/radon/zonemap/alaska.htm

http://www.uaf.edu/ces/publications/freepubs/RAD-01250.pdf

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 38: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

38

Asbestos Referenceshttp://www.epa.gov/asbestos/

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp61.html

http://ehs.okstate.edu/training/OSHASBES.HTM

http://www.epa.gov/asbestos/pubs/asbestos_in_schools.html

www.nau.edu/eeop

Page 39: 1 Mansel Nelson, ITEP Leading Causes of Lung Cancer

39

Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP)

Mansel A. Nelson, Senior Program CoordinatorEnvironmental Education Outreach Program

(EEOP)Northern Arizona University (NAU)http://www.nau.edu/eeop/[email protected]

Voice 928 523 1275FAX 928 523 1280PO Box 5768, Flagstaff, AZ 86011

www.nau.edu/eeop