1. Living Things2. Classification3. Cell Structure4. Viruses

Chapter 8Life’s Structure and

Classification

Section 1 Living ThingsOrganism

Any living thingMade of cells

CellThe smallest unit of a living thing that

carries on the functions of life

6 Characteristics of Living ThingsLiving Things…

Made of cellsGrow and DevelopRespond to StimuliMaintain HomeostasisUse EnergyReproduce

3 Need of Living ThingsA suitable place to liveWaterFood

Name them for the following organisms.

Section 2: Classification All living things are classified using…

Binomial Nomenclature2 word naming system Uses organisms Genus and SpeciesScientific Name

Human Homo sapiens

Whitetail Deer Odocoileus virginianus

Black Bear Ursus americanus

White Oak Quercus alba

Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis

Classification SystemDeveloped in late 18th century by Carolus

Linnaeus.7 steps

Kingdom KingPhylum PhilipClass CalledOrder OutFamily ForGenus GreatSpecies Spaghetti

6 Kingdoms of LifeAnimal

Vertebrates: mammals, fish, birds, reptiles, amphibiansInvertebrates: Insects, arachnids, jellyfish, crustaceans

PlantsFlowering plantsEvergreen plantsFerns, mosses, hornworts

FungusYeast, molds, mushrooms

ProtistaAlgae

EubacteriaAll around us. Live in our stomachs. Others can make us ill.

ArchaebacteriaCan make their own food. Live in deep sea trenches.

Humans’ classificationKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimatesFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies sapiens

Section 3: Cell StructureAnton van Leeuwenhoeck

Dutch fabric merchant who perfected the microscope.

Robert HookeCut a thin slice of cork and viewed it under a

microscope. Viewed empty little monk “cells”

Matt Schleiden and Theordor SchwannObserved plant and animal cells and

concluded that all living things are made of cells.

Rudolf VirchowProposed that all cells come from pre-existing

cells.

Cell Theory was formedAll organisms are made of one or

more cells.

The cell is the basic unit of organization in organisms

All cells come from other cells

CELL PARTS

Animal Cells Cell Memrane

Protective layer that surrounds the cell and regulates movement into and out of the cell

CytoplasmGelatin-like substance that fills the cells and carries on

life processes Ribosomes

Structure that manufacture proteins Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls the cells functions Mitochondria

Energy releasing agents, break down food and water Endoplasmic Reticulum

Series of folded membranes that move materials throughout the cell

Golgi BodiesPackage and ship materials within the cell and outside

of the cell

Plant Cells3 differences from animal cellsCell Wall

Stiff outer covering that gives the cell rigidness, shape, and protection

ChloroplastsGreen organelles that capture sunlight and

use it for photosynthesis.Contain chlorophyll

VacuoleWater and mineral storing area that needs to

be full for the plant to be rigid.

Cellular OrganizationCells

Smallest unit life can be broken down toTissues

A group of similar cells performing a certain function

OrgansA group of tissues performing a function

Organ systemA group of organs performing a life

sustaining functionOrganism

A collection of organ systems creating a living creature