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Libraries and Open Access to Scientific
InformationIvana Hebrang Grgić, PhD
Department of Information ScienceFaculty of Humanities and Social
SciencesUniversity of Zagreb
IP LibCMASS Sofia 2011Contract № 2011-ERA-IP-7
Sofia, 04.-17. September, 2011
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University of Zagreb
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Scientific communication
• 17th century – modern science –
intellectual property rights, library science,
scientific communication
• First scientific journals, 1665
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5
SCIENTIST
searches for information
reads the information
uses the information for new research
processes the information
produces new information
publishes new information
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LIBRARY(ACADEMIC
INSTITUTION)
SCIENTIST
P U B L I S H E R
gives copyright topays for access to
pays
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“Serial crisis”
• Commercial publishers
• No. of scientists and journals
• High quality journals
• Subscription prices
• Libraries
• 1990s
• Electronic publishing
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The fourth revolution
• S. Harnad, 1991
• Language
• Writing
• Gutenberg
• Binary code and IT development???
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OA definitions
• 1990s – early OA journals and archives
• Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), 2002– Free and unrestricted online availability of
scientific journal literature– two ways to attain OA:
• self-archiving (electronic archives, OA repositories)• OA journals
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OA definitions
• Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing, 2003– OA publishing – free, unrestricted, worldwide
access– OA repositories– Libraries: transition to OA publishing,
educating users, highlighting OA journals in catalogues
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OA definitions
• Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities, 2003– BOAI definitions– encouraging researchers– development of existing legal and financial
framework to facilitate OA
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OA repositories
• green route to OA
• self-archiving
• e-prints (pre-prints or post-prints)
• types of repositories:– institutional repositories (IRs)– national– disciplinary– ...
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No. of OA repositories
• DOAR
Repository type
2009 2010 2011
Institutional 1233 1418 1695
Disciplinary 182 211 228
Aggregating 56 74 84
Governmental 28 40 44
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OA IRs
• SPARC definition:
–digital collections capturing and preserving the intellectual output of a single university or a multiple institution community of colleges and universities
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OA IRs
• setting up an OA IR:– management– server– IR manager– working group– software– business plan– OA policy– JISC infoNet
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Repository software
Software 2009 2010 2011
DSpace 368 617 782
EPrints 245 288 322
OPUS 51 54 55
Bepress 51 - -
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Publishers’ self-archiving policies
• SHERPA
Publisher’s colour
Dec2008
Jun2010
Jan2011 Sept2011
Green 141 220 230 260
Blue 97 196 242 301
Yellow 54 75 76 81
White 145 295 346 359
Total 437 789 894 1001
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OA journals
• Golden route to OA
• Funding models – external support, “author pays” (Springer Open Choice, Oxford Open)
• DOAJ
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Citation impact of OA literature
• Higher impact
• Open Access
• Early Access
• Self-selection Bias, Quality Bias
• Usage Advantage
• Open Access Advantage (OAA)
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Open Access in Bulgaria, Croatia and Turkey
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OA in peripheral countries
• What is a scientifically peripheral country?
– economy (undeveloped countries, developing and transitional countries)
– “small” language
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OA repositories
Country OA rep. OA IRs Population
Bulgaria 3 3 7.2 mil
Croatia 5 4 4.5 mil
Turkey 11 11 72 mil
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Material types in OA repositories
Country
Journal articles
Books Conf. papers
Thesis Total no. of rep.
Bulgaria
3 1 1 0 3
Croatia 3 2 2 3 5
Turkey 7 4 4 7 11
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Languages in OA repositories
Country Official language
English Other Total no. of rep.
Bulgaria
1 3 0 3
Croatia 5 3 0 5
Turkey 10 6 0 11
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OA repositories - Bulgaria
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OA repositories - Croatia
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OA repositories - Turkey
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OA journals
Country No. of OA journals
Population
Bulgaria 29 7.2 mil.
Croatia 80 4.5 mil.
Turkey 169 72 mil.
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OA journals in DOAJ
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
BulgariaCroatiaTurkey
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Study of OA journals in Croatia
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Croatian OA journals
• 2010• OA journals in 2009:
–MSES’s financial support for the year 2009 – peer-review process – at least one issue of all journals for the year
2009 was freely available online by June 2010
• 133 journals• Hrčak – portal of Croatian scientific
journals
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Hrčak
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
June 2006 June 2007 June 2008 June 2009 June 2010 June 2011
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eISSN
25,60%
74,40%With eISSNWithout eISSN
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Web location
67,70%
29,30%
3%
Hrčak only
Hrčak+publishers'web sites
Publishers' websites only
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Language
30,10%
69,90%All articles inCroatianAt least somearticles in English
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Publishers
0,00%
5,00%
10,00%
15,00%
20,00%
25,00%
30,00%
35,00%
40,00%
Scientificassociation
University Scientificinstitute
Commercialco-publisher
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OA policy
15,80%
84,20%OA policywithout OA policy
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Web of Science
31,60%
68,40%In the WoSNot in the WoS
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OA journals in JCR (2009)
JCR edition Total no. of Croatian journals
Of which OA journals
Sciences Edition
24 18
Social Sciences Edition
12 10
Total 36 28
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Recommendations for libraries
• launch institutional OA repositories;
• improve existing repositories;
• carefully choose the most appropriate software;
• make your repository OAI-PMH compliant;
• take care about copyright;
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Recommendations for libraries
• control and assist in self-archiving;
• propose self-archiving policy for your institution;
• ensure long-time archiving;
• keep informed about global scientific communication trends;
• keep informed about OA development on national and international level;
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Recommendations for libraries
• keep informed about editorial policies of high quality international journals;
• educate your users;
• exchange experiences connected with OA;
• strategically promote your OA repository in the institution and out of the institution.
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Conclusion
• OA – new way of communicating
• OA – tool for accessing, acquiring, disseminating high quality scientific information
• OA model – applicable in scientifically peripheral countries
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Conclusion
• OA awareness?
• National working groups• OA – a good way of solving access
problems
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Thanks for your attention!