1. JAXA ECLSS Roadmap - MELiSSA Foundation

1. JAXA ECLSS Roadmap

2. Development Status of JAXA’s ECLSS

3. Demonstration Platform in “Kibo” for Agro-space

2018 2024 2028 2030s~

Water tillage

Plant cultivation on lunar surface

Plant cultivation in

space

Algae incubator

ISS Psysicochemical ECLSS

On orbit Demonstration(each process technology)

Biological Use On orbit Demonstration

(plant hydroponics, Algae cultivation, etc.)

Deep Space Transport ECLSS for transport vehicle

(highly reliable, compact)

Mars Surface ECLSS For Mars

environment

Lunar Surface Agro-space supported ECLSS

Psysicochemical + Agrospace(plant cultivation using lunar soil, air revitalization, water purification,waste treatment)

Deep Space Gateway Partial Closed ECLSS

Post ISS platform Full Closed ECLSS Demonstration of food

production and material circulation

5

CO2 reduction Assy (Sabatier)

O2 generation

H2O

Subcritical Electrolysis

module

expired gas

CO2 Removal

Assy

Electrodialysismodule

Regenerative Cation IX bed

Space Toilet

Urine/Feces

Pre-treated Urine

Temp. & Humidity

Controller

Water Collection System

Gray Water Bus

Food/Wet

trash Bag

Feces

perspiration

PWD/

Food

Gall

ey

Flush

Drink/Food

CO2

H2O

CH4

(Solid waste)Methane Decomposing Assy C

Solid waste (Dry)

Solid waste container

Pota

ble W

ater

Bus

O2

H2

H2

Air Revitalization System

Condensatewater

CollectedWater

Processed Water

Water RecoverySystem

Brine

Acid/Alkaliwater

Waste Management System

Processedwater

Processedwater

(Option)

Trace Contaminant Control Assy

6


module




Acid/Alkaliwater

Processedwater

Processedwater

7

(Solid waste)C


O2 generation

CO2 Removal

Assy CO2

CH4

Methane Decomposing Assy

O2

H2

H2



water electrolysis

Decomposition by microwave

Reduction by catalysts Adsorption & desorption

8

Space Toilet

Urine/Feces

Pre-treated Urine


Food/Wet

trash Bag

Feces

Flush

Solid waste (Dry)


CollectedWater


(Option)

Freeze‐dry(freeze&sublimation)

Vaccum toilet

9


O2 generation

H2O


module

expired gas

CO2 Removal

Assy



Space Toilet

Urine/Feces

Pre-treated Urine

Temp. & Humidity

Controller


Gray Water Bus

Food/Wet

trash Bag

Feces

perspiration

PWD/

Food

Gall

ey

Flush

Drink/Food

CO2

H2O

CH4


Solid waste (Dry)


Pota

ble W

ater

Bus

O2

H2

H2


Condensatewater

CollectedWater

Processed Water


Brine

Acid/Alkaliwater


Processedwater

Processedwater

(Option)


with Plant cultivation

Cultivation of fish/Cattle husbandry

Plant cultivation

Food

Food storage

Feed

CO2, O2

H2O

perspiration

10

with Plant cultivation


Plant cultivation

Food

Food storage

Feed

Strawberry, tomato, lettuce, potatouG condition or lunar surface

11


O2 generation

H2O


module

expired gas

CO2 Removal

Assy



Space Toilet

Urine/Feces

Pre-treated Urine

Temp. & Humidity

Controller


Gray Water Bus

Food/Wet

trash Bag

Feces

perspiration

PWD/

Food

Gall

ey

Flush

Drink/Food

CO2

H2O

CH4


Solid waste (Dry)


Pota

ble W

ater

Bus

O2

H2

H2


Condensatewater

CollectedWater

Processed Water


Brine

Acid/Alkaliwater


Processedwater

Processedwater

(Option)


with combination of physico-chemistry and biology


Plant cultivation

Food

Food storage

Feed

CO2, O2

H2O

perspiration

(Possibly)

12


O2 generation

H2O


module

expired gas

CO2 Removal

Assy



Space Toilet

Urine/Feces

Pre-treated Urine

Temp. & Humidity

Controller


Gray Water Bus

Food/Wet

trash Bag

Feces

perspiration

PWD/

Food

Gall

ey

Flush

Drink/Food

CO2

H2O

CH4


Solid waste (Dry)


Pota

ble W

ater

Bus

O2

H2

H2


Condensatewater

CollectedWater

Processed Water


Brine

Acid/Alkaliwater


Processedwater

Processedwater

(Option)


with combination of physio-chemistry and biology


Plant cultivation

Food

Food storage

Feed

CO2, O2

H2O

perspiration

Chlamydomonas

Preliminary experiments shows;• Chlamydomonas may be able to propagate in urine medium. (without

pretreatment of nitrification)• Consumption of CO2 by Chlamydomonas in 500 mL incubator was confirmed at

3000 ppm CO2.• Selecting specific light spectrum and using pulse light will optimize power

efficiency.• Chlamydomonas contains some carbohydrate and protein.

We have been developing physio‐chemical ECLSS and trying to develop bioregenerative ECLSS for future ECLSS with combination of them.

The challenge before us is …PowerMassControllabilityStability

16

Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF)

Clean Bench

substitute

CBEF-L

17

18

Configuration 1

Configuration 2Configuration 3

19

CBEF‐L can accommodate the same number of sample canisters or mouse cages as the current CBEF having the same micro‐g and artificial‐g sections. Moreover, micro‐g section of CBEF‐L can be replaced with the second artificial‐g section. The advantage of having two artificial‐g sections is that it can create 4 different gravity levels (including micro‐g) at the same time.

NOW

27

In case of mice, the current centrifuge with R175 mm occurs 24% difference in gravity gradient between bottom (feet) and top (head) of a mouse. By increasing the size of centrifuge to R380 mm, the difference reduces to 10%.

Current Centrifuge (Φ350mm/R175mm): 1G@bottom, 0.76G@top (Δ‐24%) Large Centrifuge (Φ760mm/R380mm): 1G@bottom, 0.90G@top (Δ‐10%)

Gravity Gradient

Large Centrifuge

Current Centrifuge

Artif

icial

Grav

ity (G

)

Distance from circumference (cm)

28

92mm

Mouse Habitat UnitMass: ~2.8kgFloor dimension: ~102cm2

Habitable space of future habitat cage for large centrifuge

Large Habitat Unit (*)Mass: ~7.5kgFloor dimension: ~400cm3

Habitable space of the current habitat cage

For example, habitat cage for a rat requires more than 387cm2 of floor dimension. The enlarged centrifuge can house 6 habitat cages with floor dimension of approximately 400cm2.

Current Centrifuge (Φ350mm/R175mm): floor dimension ~102cm2

Large Centrifuge (Φ760mm/R380mm): floor dimension ~400cm2

199mm

(*) Not exist yet. Assuming upscaled current cage.

Work Bench

Work Volume

Small Experiment Area

MSPR MSPR2

Resorce MSPR MSPR2

Gas N2 N2, Ar, CO2

Water and cooling water MTL (16~23 )

Other Video

FROST FROST2

-100 to +60-35 or +3

• CBEF-L can be used to test under the gravity condition of the moon and Mars.

• MSPR can be used to test using gases, water and video.

• FROST can be used to create the environment of constant temperature.

Documents

1. JAXA ECLSS Roadmap - MELiSSA Foundation