1

IT 284 Unit 4 Seminar

2

WAP Model

3

Wireless WAP Network

4

A Wireless “Replacement” for Current Web Standards

IP(UDP) WDP

TCP WTL

HTTP-Session

SSL

HTML

JavaScript

WSP

WTLS

WML

WMLScript

The Wired WEB

WAP

5

WAP application

6

WAP Architecture

• In a real WAP solution, the main components include:

• WAP Device

• Bearer

• WAP Gateway

• Content

• Content Server

7

8

WAP Architecture (contd)….

Web Server

Content

CGIScripts

etc.

WM

L D

ecks

wit

h W

ML

-Scr

ipt

WAP Gateway

WML Encoder

WMLScriptCompiler

Protocol Adapters

Client

WML

WML-Script

WTAI

Etc.

HTTPWSP/WTP

9

WAP Architecture (contd)…

.

10

WAP Architecture (contd)…• WAE - holds the tools that wireless Internet

content developers use. • WSP - determines whether a session between the

device and the network will be connection-oriented or connectionless.

• WTP - acts like a traffic cop, keeping the data flowing in a logical and smooth manner. It also determines how to classify each transaction request:

– Reliable two way (WTP/C)– Reliable one way (WTP/T) – Unreliable one way (WTP/D)

• WTLS - provides many of the same security features found in the Transport Layer Security (TLS) part of TCP/IP.

• WDP - makes it easy to adapt the transport layer to a variety of bearers because all that needs to change is the information maintained at this level.

11

WAP Components (contd)…

• WAP Gateway– Encoder: converts WML to binarized WML– Adaptor: provides additional information

through HTTP header• Translate HTTP requests to WSP.

• Convert between SSL and WTLS

• Convert transport protocols (TCP and WDP)

12

WAP Components (contd)…

• WML (Wireless Markup Language)– An XML-based markup language that describes how WAP content

is presented on a wireless terminal

• Differs from HTML in the following – WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a target

screen that is only a few lines long and about an inch wide.– WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be in lowercase.– Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags.– WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for user

input.

• Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller, telephony-aware set of tags that make it more appropriate than HTML for handheld wireless terminals.

13

WAP Content

• WAP content (WML and WMLScript) is converted into a compact binary form for transmission over the air

14

WAP Microbrowser

• The WAP microbrowser software within the mobile device interprets the byte code and displays the interactive WAP content

15

Some WAP applications

• Location-based services– Real-time traffic reporting

– Event/restaurant recommendation

– Highly customized ads

– Instant messaging-type “buddy” location

• Enterprise solutions – Email access

– Database access

– A “global intranet”– Information updates “pushed” to

WAP devices

Financial services– Banking– Bill-paying– Stock trading– Funds transfers

Travel services– Schedules and rescheduling– Reservations