1 Ir Michael P K Cheung Energy Efficiency Office Electrical and Mechanical Services Department The Government of the HKSAR The Role of Monitoring Energy

1

Ir Michael P K CheungEnergy Efficiency Office

Electrical and Mechanical Services Department

The Government of the HKSAR

The Role of Monitoring Energy End-Use in Reducing

Green House Gas Emission

2

Natural GasNatural Gas

OilOil

ImportedImportedEnergyEnergy

LPGLPG

CoalCoal

HK Energy End-Use DatabaseHK Energy End-Use Database

3

Objectives

To provide the Government with energy end-use information

To assist the Government in the formulation and evaluation of energy efficiency programmes and policies


4

Scope

The Database covers internal civilian energy end-uses in Hong Kong.

It does not include energy exported, energy used for transportation between Hong Kong and foreign countries, Mainland, Macau & related areas and also energy used for military purposes etc.


5

Structure

4 sectors (residential, commercial, industrial and transport)

28 segments under the 4 sectors

21 end-uses

69 technologies (i.e. end-uses with different characteristics)


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Commercial

Residential

Industrial

Transport

SectorSector

cooking eqpt- electricity

cooking eqpt.- town gas

cooking eqpt.- LPG

TechnologyTechnology

Restaurant

SegmentSegment

Office

Health

Cooking

Spaceconditioning

Lighting

End-useEnd-use

Hotwater


7

Approach

Both top-down and bottom-up approaches are used

Top-down approach involves the use of available energy supply data from various major utilities.

Bottom-up approach involves estimating the number of units in each segment, the penetration of various energy end-uses and technologies and the annual energy consumption per unit for each technologies (the Energy Use Intensity (EUI)).


8

Data Sources

Publications from Census & Statistics Department

Data supplied by other relevant Government Departments (e.g. Transport Department, Ratings and Valuation Department)

Survey data collected by the consultants

Data collected from various utilities (e.g. CLP Power, HEC, railway companies, bus companies, ferry companies etc.)


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Total End-use Energy Consumption by Sectors (1994 – 2004)


0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004Year

Terajoule

Residential Commercial Industrial Transport

36%36%

10%10%

36%36%

18%18%

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2004-Residential Energy End-uses(52041TJ)


12%

24%

19%

22%

23%

CookingSpace conditioning

Hot Water

Lighting &Refrigeration

Others

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2004-Commercial Energy End-uses(103646TJ)

CookingSpace conditioning Lighting

Office Equipment

Others

40%

15%

13%

28%

4%


12

2004-Transport Energy End-uses(102431TJ)


Bus & Taxi

Car & Motorcycle

Goods Vehicle

Rail & Others

17% 31%

17%35%

13

2004 Electricity End-use (141202TJ)


OthersHot WaterCookin

g

Industrial Process / Equipment

Lighting &Refrigeration

Space conditioning

34%

3%

30%

7%3% 23%

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Present Status & Future Development

Updating of the Database

Energy Consumption Surveys

Handling Data Enquiry (http://www.emsd.gov.hk)


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Energy Consumption Indicators and BenchmarksEnergy Consumption Indicators and Benchmarks

A. Private Offices

B. Commercial Outlets

C. Hotels and Boarding Houses

D. Universities, Post-secondary Colleges and Schools

E. Hospitals and Clinics

Buildings

16

Energy Consumption Indicators and BenchmarksEnergy Consumption Indicators and BenchmarksVehicles

A. Private Cars

B. Light Goods Vehicles

C. Medium Goods Vehicles

D. Heavy Goods Vehicles

E. Private Light Buses

F. Non-Franchised Buses

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Energy Consumption Indicators A quantitative measure of

energy-use level e.g. MJ/m2/annum

Energy Consumption Indicators and BenchmarksEnergy Consumption Indicators and Benchmarks

Energy Consumption Benchmarks A comparison of energy

consumption indicators e.g. 25th percentile

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Forming Sub-groups

PrivateOffice

Buildings

Multiple Tenants,

with Central A/C

Multiple Tenants,without

Central A/C

Single Tenant,Whole

Building

Common Services Common Services & Tenants & Tenants

ConsumptionConsumption

Common Services Common Services & Tenants & Tenants

ConsumptionConsumption

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Forming Sub-groups: Commercial Outlets

CommercialOutlets

Outlets in Shopping Centre

s

Stand-alone Outlets

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Main Deliverables

Recommendations

EnergyConsumption Indicators

Benchmarking Ware

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Primary and Secondary Indicators – Buildings Primary indicators:

MJ/m2/annum MJ/person/annum MJ/m2/hour MJ/person/hour

Secondary Indicators: Building related indicators, e.g. building age, floor

area, weather (Non-manageable SIs) A/C temperature set-point, lighting type, occupant

behaviour, maintenance practice (Manageable SIs)

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Energy consumption of tenant units

Energy consumption of common services

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Multiple tenants buildings with

central A/C

Multiple tenantsbuildings without

central A/C

Single tenantwhole building

Energy consumed per unit floor area per year

(MJ/m2/annum)

Private OfficesPrivate Offices

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0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Outlets in shopping centres

Standalone Outlets

Chinese restaurants

Non-chinese restaurants

Fast-food, bars, etc.

Supermarkets

General retail (food)

General retail (non-food)

Common Services (with A/C in common area)

Common Services (no A/C in common area)

Energy consumed per unit floor area per year (MJ/m2/annum)

Commercial OutletsCommercial Outlets

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Major Factors Affecting Consumption

Occupant behaviourOperating & maintenance practicesTemperature set-pointType of A/C systemsType of lighting systems

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Hong Kong Vs Asian CountriesHong Kong Vs Asian CountriesPrivate Office (Whole Building)

Note: Data of Note: Data of other countries other countries are from APEC are from APEC

Energy Energy Benchmark Benchmark

System in 2000.System in 2000.

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Potential Energy Savings

5% - 20%

Improving O&M practices

Replacing Inefficient Equipment

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Private Car Sub-groups & Segments

Sub-groups Under 1500 cc 1501-2000 cc 2001-2500 cc 2501-3000 cc over 3000 cc

Segments Hong Kong Island Kowloon New Territories

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Survey

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Primary indicators: Litres/100 km Annual average litres/person-km

Secondary Indicators: Engine size, temperature, vehicle age, body typ

e, transmission Others: mean speed by zone, average occupan

cy, awareness, etc.

Primary and Secondary Indicators- Vehicles

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Primary Indicator - Fuel Consumption

Annual Average Fuel Consumption (Private Cars)

0

5

10

15

20

1500 cc 1501-2000 cc

2001-2500 cc

2501-3000 cc

>3000 cc

Lit

res/

100k

m HKI

KLN

NT

SAR

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Regression Analysis

Y = 1.78 + 0.00303 X1 + 0.168 X2 + 1.28 X3 + 0.105 X4 ... Hong Kong Island

Y = fuel consumption (l/100km)

X1 = engine size (cc)

X2 = mean monthly temperature

X3 = body type (0 = saloon, 1 = all other types)

X4 = vehicle age (years)

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Access through EMSD Website:

Benchmarking Tool - Buildings

http://www.emsd.gov.hk

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Benchmarking Tool - Vehicles

Access through EMSD Website:http://www.emsd.gov.hk

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Conclusion

It can enable the Government to monitor and oversee the trend and developments in various energy end-use sectors

It facilitates the identification of the best areas for for improving energy efficiency in Hong Kong


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Conclusion

Enable users to benchmark their energy consumption with other similar premises in Hong Kong and to identify areas for improvement in energy efficiency.

Enable vehicle owners and drivers as well as fleet managers to benchmark the fuel consumption of their vehicles with other similar vehicles in Hong Kong.

The tool will raise public awareness in energy efficiency, make people more conscientious in using energy and contribute towards a reduction of green house gas emission in Hong Kong.

Indicators and BenchmarkingIndicators and Benchmarking

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Thank You !

Documents

1 Ir Michael P K Cheung Energy Efficiency Office Electrical and Mechanical Services Department The Government of the HKSAR The Role of Monitoring Energy