1 IPv6 @ Cisco Patrick Grossetete Cisco Systems Cisco IOS IPv6 Product Manager [email protected] Ansar Pasha Cisco Systems Network Consultant, Govt &

1

IPv6 @ Cisco

Patrick Grossetete

Cisco Systems

Cisco IOS IPv6 Product Manager

[email protected]

Ansar Pasha

Cisco Systems

Network Consultant,

Govt & Defense, South

[email protected]

Presentation_ID 222

Agenda

• IPv6 IPv6 Business CaseBusiness Case

• IPv6 Protocols & Standards

• Integration and Transition

• Cisco IOS IPv6 Roadmap

• IPv6 Deployment scenarios

• References

Presentation_ID 333

The End-User Perspective• The network capability to provide

the desired services • It’s all about the applications, and

their servicesDon’t care about IPv6!!!

The End-User Perspective• The network capability to provide

the desired services • It’s all about the applications, and

their servicesDon’t care about IPv6!!!

What is IPv6? Basic Perspectives

The Network Manager Perspective• Stability of a given technology,

implementations and benefits• Cost of deployment and operation

Care but…has to get confident

Presentation_ID 444

IPv6 – A Key Driver for the e-EconomyO.S. & Applications

e-Nations

The Ubiquitous Internet

Higher Ed./Research

Manufacturing

Government(Federal/Public Sector)

TransportationAgriculture/Wildlife

Medical

Consumer& Services

Mobile Networking

Services on the edge of the Network

Restoring an environment for Innovation

Presentation_ID 555

With millions of new devices becoming IP aware, With millions of new devices becoming IP aware, the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking

is only met with the implementation of IPv6is only met with the implementation of IPv6

IP – The Application’s Convergence Layer

Eth

ern

et

Eth

ern

et

Op

tica

lO

ptic

al

E-P

ow

er

E-P

ow

er

Wire

les

sW

irele

ss

Sto

rag

e

Sto

rag

e

Ch

an

ne

lC

ha

nn

el

CA

TV

CA

TV

PPSS

DN

DN

xD

SL

xD

SL

IP version 6IP version 6

Mo

re to

M

ore

to

Co

me

Co

me

Presentation_ID 666

A need for IPv6?

• IETF IPv6 WG began in early 90s, to solve addressing growth issues, but

CIDR, NAT,… were developed

• IPv4 32 bit address = 4 billion hosts~37% of the IPv4 address space is still unallocated (08/02)

• General perception is that “IPv6 has not yet taken hold strongly”

IPv4 Address shortage is not [yet] true for all regions

Private sector requires a business case

Data on Wireless infrastructure emerges recently

• But reality looks far better for the coming years!!! To sustain the Internet growth!!!Internet growth!!!

Presentation_ID 777

IP Address Allocation History

1981 - IPv4 protocol published

1985 ~ 1/16 of total space




2002.5 ~ 2/3 of total space

• This despite increasingly intense conservation effortsPPP / DHCP address sharing NAT (network address translation)

CIDR (classless inter-domain routing) plus some address reclamation

• Theoretical limit of 32-bit space: ~4 billion devicesPractical limit of 32-bit space: ~250 million devices (RFC 3194)

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

70.00%

80.00%

90.00%

100.00%

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Presentation_ID 888

Do We Really Need a Larger Address Space?

• Internet Population

~945M by end CY 2004 (source Computer Industry Almanac) – only 10-15%

How to address the future Worldwide population? (~9B in CY 2050)

Emerging Internet countries need address space, eg: China uses nearly 2 class A (11/2002), ~20 class A needed if every student (320M) has to get an IP address

• Mobile Internet introduces new generation of Internet devices

PDA (~20M in 2004), Mobile Phones (~1.5B in 2003), Tablet PC

Enable through several technologies, eg: 3G, 802.11,…

• Transportation – Mobile Networks

1B automobiles forecast for 2008 – Begin now on vertical markets

Internet access on planes, eg. Lufthansa – train, eg. Narita express

• Consumer, Home and Industrial Appliances

During the life cycle of a technology, a new product is often considered to have reached the early majority – or the mass market – after achieving

22 percent penetration.

Presentation_ID 999

Explosion of New Internet Appliances

Source: N+I Tokyo, July 2002

Presentation_ID 101010

Broadband Home – A necessity for IPv6 !

Wireless LaptopWireless Laptop• Distance learning• Video calls• MP3 downloads

PDAPDA

IP PhoneIP Phone

PrinterPrinter

Wireless GamingWireless Gaming

Broadband Internet AccessBroadband Internet Access

Wired DevicesWired Devices• Streaming Video/Audio• Print/file sharing

Broadband Access PointBroadband Access Point

• Multiplayer gaming• Video on demand• Home security• Digital audio• Domestic appliances

Home NetworkingHome Networking• At the heart of the digital home sits the Broadband access point distributing

a host of enhanced content and services throughout the home• Internet access• Multiple voice lines• Wireless printing• Wireless IP Phone

Triple Play ServicesTriple Play Services• Multiple devices served Multiple devices served in a Homein a Home• Commercial download• TV guide


Mobile Wireless Networking – an IPv6 Must

WiFi

HotSpots

MobileMobileOperatorOperator

GPRS, 3G, 4GGPRS, 3G, 4G

Broadband ISP

WiFi at Home

Enterprise’s

• Mobile Wireless Networking challenges

Manage the growth of subscribers

CY04, 1.5B Mobile Phone’s users

Address this large number of “Always-reachable” devices

Support a Multimedia environment

The IPv6 Benefits

• Unlicensed Band (WiFi,…)Personal mobilityhigh data rate incremental infrastructure

• Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,…)

Full mobilityModest data rateNew infrastructure

The UbiquitousInternet


Traffic Evolution

• Applications – Server/Client, P2P, GRID – generate different traffic patterns than Client/Server

SymmetricalSymmetrical – as much upstream as downstream traffic (users become servers)

Very long sessionsVery long sessions – Always-on devices may be left unattended. Streaming applications can run for a long period of time. Often 24/7.

Sustained high bandwidthSustained high bandwidth – many devices can now use all bandwidth available. Multiple video sessions require high bandwidth capacity

Non-localNon-local – Traffic travels globally, and between ISP networks, hence putting load on the peering points (est. 60% of traffic) and expensive long haul links.


Networks in Motion

GPS

Telematics:Industry related to using

computers in concert with telecommunications systems. This includes Internet access, as well as all types of networks that rely on a telecommunications system

to transport data. “Telematics to Become $8 Billion

Industry by 2005, According to New Study from Allied

Business Intelligence”http://www.telematicsupdate.com

Server

HA

Toll or Gaz

Station’s

Internet

GPRS or 3G Network


Restoring an End-to-End Architecture

• Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for any applications

Replacing ALG such as Decnet/SNA gateway

• Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect disparate networks

• Peer-to-Peer or Server-to-ClientPeer-to-Peer or Server-to-Client applications meanapplications mean globalglobal aadressdresseses wwhen hen you connect toyou connect to

IP Telephony, Fax, Video ConfMobile, Residential,…

Distributed GamingRemote MonitoringInstant Messaging

New Technologies/Applications for Home Users‘Always-on’—Cable, DSL, Ethernet-to-the-Home, Wireless,…

GlobalAddressing

Realm


Building the “IPv6 House”

1994199419941994 1991995-19985-19981991995-19985-1998 2001-20042001-20042001-20042001-2004

IESG IPng WG creation

IESG IPng WG creation

IETF IPv6 WG Core Specs

IETF IPv6 WG Core Specs

More IETF specs (Mobile IPv6, DHCPv6 PD,

Flow Label…), Applications

port

More IETF specs (Mobile IPv6, DHCPv6 PD,

Flow Label…), Applications

port

2002004-20084-20082002004-20084-2008

Commercial Products &

Infrastructures (6NET, GEANT,…)

Commercial Products &

Infrastructures (6NET, GEANT,…)

Today, Core IPv6 specifications are IETF Draft Standards

well-tested & stable, enabling a move to “full production”


IPv6 Markets

• National Research & Education Networks (NREN) & Academia

• Geographies & Politics

• Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks, Car,...)

• Home Networking

Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home

Eg. Japan Home Information Services initiative

Distributed Gaming

Consumer Devices

• Enterprise

Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. & Applications

• Service Providers


IPv6 O.S. & Applications support

• All software vendors officially support IPv6 in their latest O.S. releases

Apple MAC OS X, HP (HP-UX, Tru64 & OpenVMS), IBM zSeries & AIX, Microsoft Windows XP, .NET, CE; Sun Solaris,…

*BSD, Linux,…

• 2003 and beyond: Call for Applications

Applications must be agnostic regarding IPv4 or IPv6.

Successful deployment is driven by Applications

• See playground.sun.com/ipv6 and www.hs247.com for latest update


IPv6 Geo-Politics

• Regional and Countries IPv6 Task Force

Europe - http://www.ipv6-taskforce.org/#

Belgium, France, Spain, Swiss, UK,…

North- America - http://www.nav6tf.org/

Japan IPv6 Promotion Council - http://www.v6pc.jp/en/index.html

China, Korea, India,…

• Relationship

Economic partnership between governments

China-Japan, Europe-China,…

• Recommendations and project’s funding

IPv6 2005 roadmap recommendations – Jan. 2002

European Commission IPv6 project funding: 6NET & EuroIX

• Tax Incentives

Japan only – 2002-2003 program


ISP Deployment Activities

sTLA per Region

RIP E -NCC

53%ARIN

17%

APNIC

30%

• Several Market segments

IX, Carriers, Regional ISP, Wireless

• ISP have to get an IPv6 prefix from their Regional Registry

http://www.ripe.net/ripencc/mem-services/registration/ipv6/ipv6allocs.html

• Large carriers are running trial networks but

Plans are largely driven by customer’s demand

• Regional ISP focus on their specific markets

Japan is leading the worldwide deployment

Target is Home Networking services (dial, DSL, Cable, Ethernet-to-the-Home,…)


IPv6 & Wireless

• Market segments

Mobile phone industry goes to IP: 3GPP/3GPP2/MWIF

Wireless service providers have had IPv4 address requests rejected for long term business plan

Vertical markets need the infrastructure: Police, Army, Fire Department, Transports

Some 802.11 Hot Spots already offer an IPv6 connectivity.

• Commercial services need a Phase approach

R&D (03), Trial (04-05), Deployment (06 & beyond)

• Key driver is the client’s device & application

Symbian 7.0, Microsoft Pocket PC 4.1, Netfront 3.x,…


3GPP Mobile Wireless Network Architecture

ISP• IPv6 for GPRS (data & GTP) can be done now

Mentioned in 2G and 3G R3+ specifications

But only few IPv6 (or dual stack) handset prototypeIPv6 for Internet Multimedia Subsystem (mandatory & exclusive)•Migration from ATM to IP(v6) in UTRAN

Shall be IPv6, IPv4 optional and dual-stack recommended

PDNPDN

IPv4

SSD

IPv4/v6

IPv6(e.g. IMS)

SSG

SGSN (2G)

NMSBTS (2G)

NodeB (3G)

RNC (3G)

BSC (2G)

GRX(GTP)

SGSN(3G)

CG, AAA, DHCP, DNS

)

GGSN (3G)

CDN arch.

GGSN (2G)

BG

CNCN(GTP)(GTP)

RANRAN

CNCNRANRAN

DNS


IPv6 – for an Ubiquitous Internet

• Connect Everything to the Internet

Simply (Plug & Play) and Safety

• Enjoy the Internet Everywhere & Anywhere

Broadband, wireless,…

China, India, Africa,…

• Play, Learn, and Live on the Internet for Everybody

Peer to Peer & Client/Servers applications

Global reachability as well as community of interest

Home Information Services

• We need One InternetWe need One Internet

Global communications enhances business, trade, research


How to get an IPv6 Address?

• How to get address space?Real IPv6 address space now allocated by APNIC, ARIN and RIPE NCC to ISP

APNIC 2001:0200::/23 & 2001:0C00::/23

ARIN 2001:0400::/23

RIPE NCC 2001:0600::/23 & 2001:0800::/23

• 6Bone 3FFE::/16

• 6to4 tunnels 2002::/16

• Enterprises get their IPv6 address space from their ISP.

• Further information on www.cisco.com/ipv6


IPv6 Forum

• 151 members (January 2003)

Created in 1999

Cisco is a founding member

• Mission is to promote IPv6 not to specify it (IETF)

www.ipv6forum.com

• IPv6 Forum OneWorld working group

Australian, India, Korea, Mexico, Russian, UK,…

• Held ‘IPv6 summit’ around the World

Madrid – May 2003, U.S. – June 2003


Agenda

• IPv6 Business Case


• Integration and TransitionIntegration and Transition



• ReferencesReferences


IETF v6Ops Working Group

• Follow-up of IETF NGTrans WG

• The IPv6 Operations (v6ops) working group of the IETF is under the Operations and Management Area, and has as its overall goal assisting the transition to IPv6, the next generation Internet protocol chosen by the IETF community.

• http://www.6bone.net/v6ops/default.htm

• Http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html


IPv4-IPv6 Transition / Co-Existence

A wide range of techniques have been identified and implemented, basically falling into three categories:

(1) Dual-stack techniques, to allow IPv4 and IPv6 toco-exist in the same devices and networks

(2) Tunneling techniques, to avoid order dependencies when upgrading hosts, routers, or regions

(3) Translation techniques, to allow IPv6-only devices to communicate with IPv4-only devices

Expect all of these to be used, in combination


Dual Stack Approach

• Dual stack node means:

Both IPv4 and IPv6 stacks enabled

Applications can talk to both

Choice of the IP version is based on name lookup and application preference

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

Application

Data Link (Ethernet)

0x0800 0x86dd

TCP UDP

IPv4 IPv6

IPv6-enable Application

Data Link (Ethernet)

0x0800 0x86ddFrame Protocol ID

Preferred method on

Application’s servers


Dual Stack Approach & DNS

• In a dual stack case, an application that:

Is IPv4 and IPv6-enabled

Asks the DNS for all types of addresses

Chooses one address and, for example, connects to the IPv6 address

DNS Server

IPv4

IPv6

www.a.com = * ?

3ffe:b00::1

3ffe:b00::110.1.1.1


Cisco IOS Dual Stack Configuration

• Cisco IOS is IPv6-enable:

If IPv4 and IPv6 are configured on one interface, the router is dual-stacked

Telnet, Ping, Traceroute, SSH, DNS client, TFTP,…

IPv6 and IPv4 Network

Dual-Stack Router

IPv4: 192.168.99.1

IPv6: 2001:410:213:1::/64 eui-64

router#ipv6 unicast-routing

interface Ethernet0 ip address 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 address 2001:410:213:1::/64 eui-64


Using Tunnels for IPv6 Deployment

• Many techniques are available to establish a tunnel:

Manually configured

Manual Tunnel (RFC 2893)

GRE (RFC 2473)

Semi-automated

Tunnel broker

Automatic

Compatible IPv4 (RFC 2893)

6to4 (RFC 3056)

6over4

ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol)


IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels

• Tunneling is encapsulating the IPv6 packet in the IPv4 packet

• Tunneling can be used by routers and hosts

IPv4IPv6 Network

IPv6 Network

Tunnel: IPv6 in IPv4 packet

IPv6 Host

Dual-Stack Router

Dual-Stack Router

IPv6 Host

IPv6 HeaderIPv6 HeaderIPv4 HeaderIPv4 Header

IPv6 HeaderIPv6 Header Transport Header

Transport Header DataData

DataDataTransport Header

Transport Header


Manually Configured Tunnel (RFC 2893)

IPv4IPv6 Network

IPv6 Network

Dual-Stack Router2

Dual-Stack Router1

IPv4: 192.168.99.1 IPv6: 3ffe:b00:c18:1::3

IPv4: 192.168.30.1 IPv6: 3ffe:b00:c18:1::2

router1#

interface Tunnel0 ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::3/64 tunnel source 192.168.99.1 tunnel destination 192.168.30.1 tunnel mode ipv6ip

router2#

interface Tunnel0 ipv6 address 3ffe:b00:c18:1::2/64 tunnel source 192.168.30.1 tunnel destination 192.168.99.1 tunnel mode ipv6ip

• Manually Configured tunnels require:

Dual stack end points

Both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses configured at each end


IPv4 Compatible Tunnel (RFC 2893)

• IPv4-compatible addresses are easy way to autotunnel, but it:

May be deprecated soon

IPv4

Dual-Stack Router

Dual-Stack Router

IPv4: 192.168.99.1 IPv6: ::192.168.99.1 IPv4: 192.168.30.1

IPv6: ::192.168.30.1


IPv4IPv6 Network

IPv6 Network

6to4 6to4 Router2Router2

6to4 6to4 Router1Router1

192.168.99.1 192.168.30.1Network prefix:

2002:c0a8:6301::/48

Network prefix:

2002:c0a8:1e01::/48= =

E0 E0

router2#interface Loopback0 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 address 2002:c0a8:1e01:1::/64 eui-64interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 unnumbered Ethernet0 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4

ipv6 route 2002::/16 Tunnel0

• 6to4 Tunnel: Is an automatic tunnel method

Gives a prefix to the attached

IPv6 network

2002::/16 assigned to 6to4

Requires one global IPv4 address

on each Ingress/Egress site

6to4 Tunnel (RFC 3056)

2002Public IPv4

address

/48 /64/16

Interface IDSLA


6to4 Relay

IPv4IPv6 Network

IPv6 Network

6to4 Router1

192.168.99.1Network prefix:2002:c0a8:6301::/48 IPv6 address:

2002:c0a8:1e01::1=

6to4 Relay IPv6

Internet

router1#interface Loopback0 ip address 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 address 2002:c0a8:6301:1::/64 eui-64interface Tunnel0 no ip address ipv6 unnumbered Ethernet0 tunnel source Loopback0 tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4

ipv6 route 2002::/16 Tunnel0ipv6 route ::/0 2002:c0a8:1e01::1

• 6to4 relay: Is a gateway to the rest of

the IPv6 Internet

Default router

Anycast address (RFC 3068) for

multiple 6to4 Relay


IPv6-IPv4 Communication Mechanisms

• Translation

• NAT-PT (RFC 2766)

• TCP-UDP Relay (RFC 3142)

• DSTM (Dual Stack Transition Mechanism)

• API

• BIS (Bump-In-the-Stack) (RFC 2767)

• BIA (Bump-In-the-API)

• ALG

• SOCKS-based Gateway (RFC 3089)

• NAT-PT (RFC 2766)


NAT-PT Overview

NAT-PTIPv4-only network

IPv4 Host IPv6 Host

IPv6-onlynetwork

172.16.1.12001:0420:1987:0:2E0:B0FF:FE6A:412C

Src: 2001:0420:1987:0:2E0:B0FF:FE6A:412CDst: PREFIX::1

1

2

Src: 172.17.1.1Dst: 172.16.1.1

3

Src: 172.16.1.1Dst: 172.17.1.1 Src: PREFIX::1

Dst: 2001:0420:1987:0:2E0:B0FF:FE6A:412C

4

ipv6 nat prefix 2010::/96

PREFIX is a 96-bit field that allows routing back to the NAT-PT device


Configuring Cisco IOS NAT-PT

LAN2: 192.168.1.0/24

LAN1: 2001:2::/64

Ethernet-2

Ethernet-1NATed prefix 2010::/96

.200

interface ethernet-1 ipv6 address 2001:2::10/64 ipv6 nat prefix 2010::/96 ipv6 nat!interface ethernet-2 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 ipv6 nat!ipv6 nat v4v6 source 192.168.1.100 2010::1!ipv6 nat v6v4 source route-map map1 pool v4pool1ipv6 nat v6v4 pool v4pool1 192.168.2.1 192.168.2.10 prefix-length 24!route-map map1 permit 10 match interface Ethernet-1

DNS

.100

2001:2::1

Network Address Translation-Protocol TranslationRFC 2766

• IP Header and Address translation

• Support for ICMP and DNS embedded translation

• Auto-aliasing of NAT-PT IPv4 Pool Addresses


Agenda




• Cisco Cisco IOS IPv6 IOS IPv6 RoadmapRoadmap




Cisco IPv6 Technology Strategy

PerformanceIPv6 Hardware Assisted

Forwarding

Intelligent Services Cisco IOS IPv6 Feature set

EvolutionaryInfrastructure

IPv6 Solutions Focusing on Integration

and Co-Existence

InnovationInnovation


Cisco IPv6 Calendar

• IPv6 is Production Ready – Cisco IOS 12.3

• Cisco IOS IPv6 Phase III deliverables

• FCS: OSPFv3, QoS, ISATAP, Multi-Topology

IS-IS• EFT: Netflow IPv6, DHCPv6 PD, Radius

IPv6, IPv6 Multicast, …• IPv6 Hardware Assisted

Forwarding• Cat.6K/7600 Sup720

• Cat. 3750

• March 2001 Cisco IOS IPv6

Phase I announcement

• May 2001 Cisco 12.2(2)T

FCS• October 2001

Cisco 12.0(19)ST1

FCS on 12000 series

• December 2001 Cisco IOS Phase 2

announcement• Cisco partners on

6NET project• October 2002

IPv6 Hardware assisted

forwarding on Cisco 12000 series

• October 1996 Cisco IOS

IPv6 Technology

Preview software

deployed on 6Bone

• June 2000 Cisco IOS

IPv6 Statement of

Direction3 phases roadmap

2000 2001 2002 2003

IPv6 – Integration & Co-Existence


Market TargetMarket Target

Phase IIIOn-Going

Phase IIIOn-Going

Phase IIDone

Phase IIDone

Phase IDone

Phase IDone Early Adopter DeploymentEarly Adopter Deployment

Production Backbone Deployment

Production Backbone Deployment

Enhanced IPv6 ServicesEnhanced IPv6 Services

Cisco IOS Release

Cisco IOS Release

Cisco IOS Roadmap:The Confluence of IPv4/IPv6

Cisco IOS Upgrade

=IPv6


The Introductory Phase

Cisco IOS Technology Preview code built the

experimental IPv6 Internet – ‘6Bone’

Cisco engineers co-chair the IETF IPv6 and

Ngtrans WG

Cisco, a founding member of the IPv6

Forum

www.cisco.com/ipv6

Comprehensive Cisco Platform

support

1st networking company to deliver commercial IPv6 support over the

broadest range of routers/switches,

including all transition mechanisms

IOS 12.3M, 12.2S, 12.3T

IPv6 HW FW – C12000, C6500, C7600, C10720

Cisco gains extensive deployment experience,

e.g. 6NET

Moving IPv6 into Production

Service Providers – Asia and Europe

Academic institutions

Broadband Services

Service Providers - US

IP Telephony

Home Networking

Government & Defense

Etc.

1997-2000 2001-2003 2004 & Beyond

44


Cisco IOS IPv6 Release Positioning

• General Production – Cisco IOS 12.3M

• Core ISP & NREN – Cisco 12.0S on Cisco 12000 series

• ISP and Enterprise Infrastructure – Cisco IOS 12.2S

• Broadband Access – Cisco IOS 12.2(15)B

• Technology development – Cisco IOS 12.3T


Feature SetFeature Set

Cisco IOS IPv6 Phase I – Early Adopters

12.2TAlso 12.3M

12.2TAlso 12.3M

12.0S/ST (*) 12.0S/ST (*) 12.2S12.2S

IPv6 Basic specifications (RFC 2460)IPv6 Basic specifications (RFC 2460) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

ICMPv6 (RFC 2463)ICMPv6 (RFC 2463) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Neighbor Discovery (RFC 2461)Neighbor Discovery (RFC 2461) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Stateless Auto-ConfigurationStateless Auto-Configuration 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

RIPng (RFC 2080)RIPng (RFC 2080) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

MP-BGP4 (RFC 2545 & 2858)MP-BGP4 (RFC 2545 & 2858) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Configured & Automatic TunnelsConfigured & Automatic Tunnels 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

6to4 Tunnels (RFC 3056)6to4 Tunnels (RFC 3056) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Data Links (*)Data Links (*) 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

ApplicationsApplications 12.2(2)T12.2(2)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Standard Access Control ListStandard Access Control List

Ethernet, FDDI, PPP, HDLCATM PVC & LAN-E, FR PVCEthernet, FDDI, PPP, HDLCATM PVC & LAN-E, FR PVC

Ping, Traceroute, Telnet, TFTP,DNA AAAA over IPv4, HTTPPing, Traceroute, Telnet, TFTP,DNA AAAA over IPv4, HTTP

GRE TunnelsGRE Tunnels

DoneDone

12.2(2)T12.2(2)T

12.2(4)T12.2(4)T

12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

12.2(14)S12.2(14)SN/AN/A

12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST


Feature SetFeature Set

Cisco IOS IPv6 Phase II – Infrastructure

12.2TAlso 12.3M

12.2TAlso 12.3M

12.0S/ST (*) 12.0S/ST (*) 12.2S12.2S

IS-IS for IPv6IS-IS for IPv6 12.2(8)T12.2(8)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

CEFv6/dCEFv6CEFv6/dCEFv6 12.2(13)T12.2(13)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Extended Access Control ListExtended Access Control List 12.2(13)T12.2(13)T 12.0(23)S12.0(23)S 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

IPv6 over MPLS – 6PEIPv6 over MPLS – 6PE 12.2(15)T12.2(15)T 12.0(22)S12.0(22)S 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

NAT-PT (RFC 2766)NAT-PT (RFC 2766) 12.2(13)T12.2(13)T N/AN/A TBDTBD

IPv6 MIBsIPv6 MIBs 12.2(15)T12.2(15)T 12.0(22)S12.0(22)S 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

CDP IPv6 Address Family on NeighborCDP IPv6 Address Family on Neighbor 12.2(8)T12.2(8)T N/AN/A 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Static ND Cache entryStatic ND Cache entry 12.2(8)T12.2(8)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

Broadband AccessBroadband Access 12.2(13)T12.2(13)T N/AN/A TBDTBD

DNS AAAA over IPv6 DNS AAAA over IPv6 12.2(8)T12.2(8)T 12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST 12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

SSH over IPv6SSH over IPv6

Encapsulation, AAA, Prefix PoolsEncapsulation, AAA, Prefix Pools

Link-local Address for BGP4+ peeringLink-local Address for BGP4+ peering

DoneDone

12.2(8)T12.2(8)T

12.2(4)T12.2(4)T

12.2(14)S12.2(14)S

12.2(14)S12.2(14)S12.0(22)S/(21)ST12.0(22)S/(21)ST

12.0(22)S12.0(22)S


Cisco IOS IPv6 Status

Positioning Cisco IOS Release First FCS Date

General Production 12.3M – 12.4M May 2003 – May 2005

Core 12.0S on 12000, 10720

IOS-XR on CRS-1

Feb 2002

May 2004

Edge & Enterprise Infrastructure

12.2S Feb 2003

L3 switches 12.2S-based Derivatives

C6500 12.2SX, C4500 12.2EW, C3750/3560 12.2SE

Technology development

12.3T – 12.4T

Note – as well as 12.2S

Aug 2003 – June 2005

IPv6 Start Here documents the IPv6 feature set per Cisco IOS releaseswww.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios123/123cgcr/ipv6_c/ftipv6s.htm


Extensive Platform Support

Check latest release number & availability with your local Cisco team

Cisco IOS 12.2TCisco IOS 12.2T

Cisco 800 series Routers




Cisco 2500 series Routers [12.2(4)T]




Cisco 4500/4700 series Routers [12.2(2)T only]




Cisco IOS 12.2SCisco IOS 12.2S







Catalyst 6500 series

Cisco IOS 12.0SCisco IOS 12.0S

Cisco 12000 Series Routers

Cisco 10720


Industry’s Broadest Platform Support

Cisco IOS 12.3/12.3TCisco IOS 12.3/12.3T












Cisco IOS 12.2S & derivativesCisco IOS 12.2S & derivatives

Cisco 72/7300 Series Routers

Cisco 75/7600 Series Routers

Cisco 10000 Series Routers (H2CY05)

Catalyst 3750/3560 Series

Catalyst 4500 Series

Catalyst 6500 Series

Cisco Product PortfolioCisco Product Portfolio

PIX Firewall (7.0)

Mobile Wireless, Home Networking, IP Telephony - RadarRadar

Cisco IOS 12.0S Cisco IOS 12.0S


Cisco 10720 Series

Cisco IOS-XRCisco IOS-XR

CRS-1, Cisco 12000


IPv6 QoS (MQC)IPv6 QoS (MQC)

Mobile IPv6 HAMobile IPv6 HA

Cisco IOS 12.4M – IPv6 Feature Overview

• IPv6 standard ACL

• IPv6 extended ACL

• IPv6 IPsec authentication for IPv6 IPsec authentication for OSPFv3OSPFv3

• IPv6 FirewallIPv6 Firewall

SecuritySecurity

• RIPng• OSPFv3• IS-IS for IPv6• MT IS-IS• MP-BGP IPv6 Unicast• MP-BGP IPv6 MulticastMP-BGP IPv6 Multicast• Policy Based RoutingPolicy Based Routing

RoutingRouting

Broadband Access

• Cisco VSA AAA

• Radius AAA (RFC 3162)Radius AAA (RFC 3162)

• PPPoA, PPPoE, RBERBE and ATM 1483 encapsulations

• DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation (RFC3633), DHCPv6 Relay(RFC3633), DHCPv6 Relay

• Stateless DHCP (RFC 3646)Stateless DHCP (RFC 3646)

• Generic PrefixGeneric Prefix

• MLDv1, v2, Access GroupMLDv1, v2, Access Group

• PIMv2 SM, SSM, Bi-DirPIMv2 SM, SSM, Bi-Dir

• PIM Embedded RPPIM Embedded RP

• IPv6 MC over IPv4 tunnelsIPv6 MC over IPv4 tunnels

• Scope BoundariesScope Boundaries

• Static mRoutesStatic mRoutes

• BSRBSR

MulticastMulticast

• Configured & Automatic Tunnels (RFC 2893)

• 6to4 (RFC 3056 & 30683068)

• IPv6 over GRE/IPv4

• IPv6 over MPLS (6PE)

• ISATAP

• NAT-PT (RFC 2765 & 2766)

• CEF SwitchedCEF Switched

• IP over IPv6 TunnelsIP over IPv6 Tunnels

Integration

• IPv6 (RFC 2460)

• ICMPv6 (RFC 2463)

• Neighbor Discovery (RFC 2461)

• Stateless Auto-Configuration

• AnycastAnycast

• CEFv6/dCEFv6

• uRPF Strict Mode

• CEFv6 Switched TunnelsCEFv6 Switched Tunnels

CoreCore

• Telnet, TFTP, DNS resolver, HTTP, Ping, Traceroute, SSH

• Cisco IP & IP-Forwarding MIBs

• Netflow for IPv6Netflow for IPv6

• SNMP over IPv6SNMP over IPv6

Applications & MgntApplications & Mgnt

Cisco IOSCisco IOSSoftwareSoftware

Release 12.4MRelease 12.4M


IPv6 Ready Logo

• Phase I program as described on www.ipv6ready.org

• TAHI conformance tests + Moonv6 participation

• Cisco IOS Release & IPv6 Ready Logo Phase ICisco IOS 12.3(6)M - Logo ID 01-000164

Cisco IOS 12.3(7)T - Logo ID 01-000165

Cisco IOS 12.2(14)S - Logo ID 01-000161

Cisco IOS 12.2(17a)SX1 Cat.6500/C7600 - Logo ID 01-000160

Cisco IOS 12.0(26)S on Cisco 12000 - Logo ID 01-000159


CRS-1 IOS XR IPv6 Roadmap

Feature set on 3.2 (Core Focus)Feature set on 3.2 (Core Focus)IPv6 Hardware Forwarding

up to OC-768

IPv6IPv6 address architectureICMPv6, ND, Stateless Auto-Configuration

OSPFv3, IS-IS including Multi-Topology MP-BGP4

dCEFv6 including Layer 3 load balancing via CEFuRPF Support Loose modeMTU Path DiscoveryIPv6 ACL SupportPingv6, Traceroutev6, Rlogin supportTelnet, FTP Client

IPv6 Multicast PIM-SSM, MBGP, PIM-SM, Static RP, MLDv2, Embedded RP

IPv6 QoS IPv6 Multicast QoSRPL for OSPFv3IPv6 MIBs v4/v6 separate counter MIBs at interface levelOSPFv3 IPSecIPv6 unicast over bundles IPv6 NSF

CY06CY06


Cisco 12000 series router IPv6 Roadmap

Feature set on 12.0(28)SFeature set on 12.0(28)SIPv6 BasicsIPv6 Basics •ICMPv6• ND – including static entries• Stateless Auto-config.• ACL• MIBs, SSH, Telnet• DNS, TFTP Routing protocolsRouting protocols• RIPng, IS-IS for IPv6, OSPFv3, MP-BGP4IPv6 TunnelsIPv6 Tunnels• distributed on Line cards or Tunnel Card SwitchingSwitching• dCEFv6• 6PE (IPv6 over MPLS)

IPv6IPv6 Hardware Assistance Hardware Assistance• Engine 3 Line Cards 4 x GE, ATM OC-12, POS OC-3, OC-12, OC-48• Standard & Extended ACL Including simultaneous IPv6 Option Headers & UDP/TCP port parsing• IPv6 Provider Edge (6PE) over MPLS• up to 3.8Mpps per LC

• Multicast on E3/E4+• MT IS-IS

26S26S

• 6PE fix on E4/E4+• IPv6 multicast on DPT• SNMP over IPv6 - + on (30)S

27S27S

• IPv6 QoS • BSR for IPv6 MCAST

RadarRadar•10GE/OC192POS

support on E5 • IPv6 MC QoS on E5•IPv6 uRPF (Strict)

28S28S

31S31S


Cisco 7600/Cat. 6500 series IPv6 Roadmap

12.2(18)SXE • IPv6 Multicast • IPv6 QoS• DHCPv6 PD

Feature set on 12.2SXFeature set on 12.2SX CCY0Y05/065/0612.2(17a)SX112.2(17a)SX1IPv6 HardwareIPv6 HardwareSup720 - IPv6 ~20Mpps dCEF720 (PFC3) modules, ie: 10GE - ~200MppsIPv6 BasicsIPv6 Basics • ICMPv6, ND – including static entries, Stateless Auto-config.• ACL• MIBs, SSH, Telnet, DNS, TFTP Routing protocolsRouting protocols• RIPng, IS-IS for IPv6, OSPFv3, MP-BGP4IPv6 Tunnels in HWIPv6 Tunnels in HW• ~10 Mpps• Configured, automatic, GRE, 6to4, ISATAP

12.2(17b)SXA6PE on Sup720

12.2(17d)SXBSup2/MSFC2 IPv6 SW FW support

12.2(18)SXDMT IS-IS


Cisco Catalyst 3750/3560 Series IPv6 Roadmap

Q1 CY05Q1 CY05

12.2(25)SEA Release12.2(25)SEA Release

• ForwardingIPv6 Hardware ForwardingICMPv6, Neighbor Discovery including Static EntriesStateless Auto-configurationPath MTU discoveryCEFv6/dCEFv6 (stack)

• Routing ProtocolsStatic routes, RIPng, OSPFv3Up to 16 equal-cost routes

• Services & TransitionsApplications (Telnet, Ping, DNStraceroute, TFTP,…)SDM TemplatesStack Management over IPv6 (HTTP)

12.2SE “Summer” Release12.2SE “Summer” Release

• Forwarding Limited ACL MLD Snooping

• Services & Transitions SSH over IPv6 CDP / IPv6 IPv6 MIBs

Q3 CY05Q3 CY05 CY06CY06


Cisco Catalyst Switching –Industry’s Most Comprehensive IPv6 Portfolio

Catalyst 6500Catalyst 6500



Catalyst 2950/2970Catalyst 2950/2970

IPv6 Deployment FocusIPv6 Deployment Focus• Core

• Distribution

• Datacenter Access/Core + Services

• High Performance Wiring Closets

• Core

• Distribution

• Datacenter Access/Core + Services

• High Performance Wiring Closets

• Medium Wiring Closets

• Small/Medium Distribution/Core

• Medium Datacenter Access/Core

• Large/Medium Branch Offices

• Medium Wiring Closets

• Small/Medium Distribution/Core

• Medium Datacenter Access/Core

• Large/Medium Branch Offices

• Small Wiring Closets

• Medium Branch Office

• Small Datacenter Access

• Small Network Aggregation


• Medium Branch Office

• Small Datacenter Access

• Small Network Aggregation


• Small Branch Offices

• Industrial environments

• Classroom Deployments


• Small Branch Offices

• Industrial environments

• Classroom Deployments

Mid-Range Modular ChassisMid-Range Modular Chassis

Industry Leading Modular ChassisIndustry Leading Modular Chassis

Advanced StackableAdvanced Stackable

Entry Level Fixed ConfigurationEntry Level Fixed Configuration

• IPv6 HW FW on Sup.720• 10Gb/s interfaces Line rate• IPv6 Services from Cisco IOS

12.2S

• IPv6 HW FW on Sup.720• 10Gb/s interfaces Line rate• IPv6 Services from Cisco IOS

12.2S

• IPv6 SW FW now, HW FW later• IPv6 services from Cisco IOS

12.2S

• IPv6 HW FW associated to Cisco IOS 12.2S IPv6 services

• IPv6 across Cisco StackWise Technology

IPv6 is fully transparent to L2 switches but for

• MLD snooping• Native IPv6 network management

Den

sity

● F

un

ctio

nal

ity

● S

ervi

ces

● P

erfo

rman

ce


CiscoWorks LMS 2.5 – IPv6 Support


Catalyst 6500 Series – NAM

• Introducing IPv6 Network Management capabilities

• IPv6 monitoring and decodes with NAM

• Can set up alarms with IPv6 addresses

• Can configure an “easy” IPv6 capture filter and IPv6-historical reports


IPv6 on Broadband Infrastructure Overview

• Data Link Layers

PPPoA

PPPoE

RBE

• AAA

Cisco VSA

RFC 3162

1/ Framed-IPv6-Prefix, Framed-IPv6-Route, Framed-IPv6-Pool

2/ Framed-Interface-Id, Login-IPv6-Host

• IPv6 Prefix Pools

• DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation

• Stateless DHCPv6

Residential

Telecommuter

ENT/SOHO IPv4 ServersRadius, NMS,…

IPv4/v6 ServersDNS, Web, E-mails, News,…


12.2T12.2T 12.0S/ST12.0S/ST 12.2S12.2S

OSPFv3OSPFv3 12.2(3rd)S12.2(3rd)S

ISATAPISATAP 12.2(15)T12.2(15)T 12.2(14)S12.2(14)SN/AN/A

MT IS-ISMT IS-IS 12.2(15)T12.2(15)T 12.0(26)S12.0(26)S

IPv6 MulticastIPv6 Multicast 12.2(3rd)S12.2(3rd)S12.0(26)S12.0(26)S

IPv6 QoSIPv6 QoS 12.2(13)T12.2(13)T TBDTBD

Cisco IOS IPv6 Phase III Target – as 04/2003

12.0(27)S12.0(27)S

12.2(15)T12.2(15)T 12.0(24)S12.0(24)S

12.3(1st)T12.3(1st)T

12.2(3rd)S12.2(3rd)S


IPv6 @Cisco Systems

Co-chair IETF IPv6 and NGTrans WG for several yearsCo-chair IETF IPv6 and NGTrans WG for several years

Cisco IOS IPv6 is largely deployed over the 6Bone since 1996Cisco IOS IPv6 is largely deployed over the 6Bone since 1996

Cisco as an IPv6 pioneerCisco as an IPv6 pioneer

– 1996: 6Bone connection

– 2000: IPv6 Forum founding member

IPv6 Statement of Direction on CCO

– May 2001: IPv6 fully supported

on Cisco IOS 12.2T

Cisco innovationCisco innovation

Integration & Co-Existence strategy Integration & Co-Existence strategy

MP-BGP, NAT-PT, IPv6 over MPLS (6PE)

DHCPv6 PD,… have been proposed

by Cisco Engineers

Cisco IT registered an IPv6 prefix to ARIN

Solutions focusing on ProductionSolutions focusing on Production

IPv6 e-Learning and IOS IPv6 class

IPv6 Solution Deployment guides

Partnering with Early Adopters, eg. 6NET


Agenda





• IPv6 DeploymentIPv6 Deployment scenarios scenarios



IPv6 – Looking at the Crystal Ball

2007-2010Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2005Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

20041996-2001Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2002Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2003Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2006

EnterpriseEnterprise adoption adoption <= Duration <= Duration 5+ years5+ years => =>

Early adopterEarly adopterss

Application portApplication port <= Duration 3+ <= Duration 3+ yearsyears => =>

ISP ISP adoptionadoption <= Duration 3+ <= Duration 3+ yearsyears => =>

Hardware/software

Hardware/software

released

released

Applications

Applications

certified by IT

certified by IT

department

department

E-Europe, E-Japan, North-America IPv6 Task Force,…

Cisco IOS IPv6 EFT

Consumer adoptionConsumer adoption <= Duration 5+ <= Duration 5+ yearsyears => =>


IPv6 – Working out the Timeline

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2005Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

20042002Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2003Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

2006 2007-2010

Registering for an IPv6 prefix

Funding the project

Deploying

Training

Production

Testing

Identifying the business

case

How long is needed for each phase of an IPv6 deployment project?


The Scope of IPv6 Deployment

P r

o v

i s

i o

n i n

g &

M o

n i t

o r

i n

gP

r o

v i s

i o

n i n

g &

M o

n i t

o r

i n

g

Peer to Peer(ie: Instant Messenger)

Peer to Peer(ie: Instant Messenger)

Multimedia(Video Conf)

Multimedia(Video Conf)

Home Information

Services

Home Information

ServicesServer to ClientServer to Client

Home AreaNetworks

Home AreaNetworks

Provider Edge

Provider Edge

Enterprise WAN

Enterprise WANCampusCampus

Integration & Co-ExistenceIntegration & Co-Existence

IPv6 Forwarding & Routing protocols (RIPng, OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, MP-BGP4)

IPv6 Forwarding & Routing protocols (RIPng, OSPFv3, IS-ISv6, MP-BGP4)

FrameRelay

PPPHDLC

POSIP ATMFE

Gig.EWireless

xDSLCable, FTTH

Op

era

tion

s a

nd

Tra

inin

gO

pera

tion

s a

nd

Tra

inin

g

IPv6 Services – The Cisco IOS EmphasisIPv6 Services – The Cisco IOS Emphasis

Provider Core

Provider Core

IPv4-IPv6TranslationIPv4-IPv6

TranslationSecuritySecurityMulticastMulticastQoSQoS NetworkManagement

NetworkManagement

IPv6 over MPLS(AToM, 6PE)

IPv6 over MPLS(AToM, 6PE)

IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels(Configured, 6to4, ISATAP, GRE)IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels(Configured, 6to4, ISATAP, GRE)

Native IPv4 & IPv6Cisco IOS is Multi-Protocol

Since Day 1

Native IPv4 & IPv6Cisco IOS is Multi-Protocol

Since Day 1


Lessons from other migrations in the past

• IPv6 Integration and Co-Existence

Business driven, no deadline

• Application’s transition must be the main focus

Remember that other protocols failed their widespread adoption

• IPv6 is IP

No opposition as “ATM versus IP”

No real alternative to scale the Internet growth

• Telecommunication’s Industry already went through several Renumbering & Protocol’s changes

Telephone systems

X.25, DECnet, Appletalk, IPX, SNA


IPv6 Deployment Scenarios

• Many ways to deliver IPv6 services to End Users

End-to-end IPv6 traffic forwarding is the Key feature

Minimize operational upgrade costs

• IPv4 & IPv6 implementations must be scalable, reliable, secure and feature rich.

• Service Providers and Enterprises may have different deployment needs

Incremental Upgrade/Deployment

ISP’s differentiate Core and Edge infrastructures upgrade

Enterprise Campus and WAN may have separate upgrade paths

• IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels

• Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6

• Dual stack Networks

IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual Stack Routers


IPv6 Deployment Scenario for Enterprises

Environment ScenarioCisco IOS

support

WAN IPv6 services available from ISP Dual Stack Yes

Dedicated Data Link layers, eg. LL, ATM & FR PVC, dWDM Lambda

Dual Stack Yes

No IPv6 services from ISP or experimentation – few sites

Configured Tunnels Yes

No IPv6 services from ISP or experimentation – many sites, any to

any communication6to4 Yes

Campus L3 infrastructure – IPv6 capable Dual Stack Yes

L3 infrastructure – not IPv6 capable, or sparse IPv6 hosts population

ISATAP Yes


IPv6 on a Campus – ISATAP Tunnels

IPv4+ IPv6 ISATAP

Network

ISATAP router

IPv6Internet/Intranet

IPv6 Data Center

Dual-Stack Host

Dual-Stack Host

Native IPv6

IPv6 in IPv4ISATAP

• Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel AddressingProtocol (ISATAP) – IETF Draft – Automatic Tunnels created dynamically based on embedded IPv4 addresses – IPv6 Unicast only

• Primarily intended for communication between [sparse] IPv6 hosts within a site with no native IPv6 infrastructure but an ISATAP router

• IPv6 hosts connect to virtual IPv6 link – that may spread several IPv4 subnets – to directly communicate between each others.

• IPv6 hosts reach the IPv6 Internet through an ISATAP router

Interface ID

IPv4 Addr.IPv6 Prefix ::/64 0000:5EFE:

32-bit32-bit

Cisco IOS 12.3M/T12.2S

Cat.6500


IPv6 on a Campus – Dual-Stack IPv4-IPv6

10 GE core

Data Center

WAN & InternetAccess

• Requires Switching / Routing Platforms to support hardware based forwarding for IPv4 & IPv6

IPv6 is transparent on L2 switches but for Multicast – MLD snooping

• Requires Robust Control Plane for both IPv4 & IPv6

Routing protocols

• IPv6 Multicast and other Advanced Services such a QoS

• Security through IPv6 Access Control Capabilities

Including option headers

• IPv6 & IPv6 Control Planes & Data Planes must not impact each other


IPv6 on a Campus – Data Center

Dual Stack Mainframe

IPv4 ServerNAT-PT

• L3 switches to connect Servers (up to 10GE)•Including IPv6 Multicast support for streaming applications

• DNS Server(s) upgrade to support IPv6 (AAAA records & IPv6 Xport) •Cisco IOS NAT-PT : to enable IPv6 clients to access an IPv4 server that can’t be upgraded to dual stack – DNS & FTP ALG only

Dual Stack Server

Ethernet 10Mb/s to 10GE connectivity

Internet


IPv6 over WAN – 6to4 Tunnels

IPv6 site (dual stack)

IPv6 Internet

2001::/16 address space

•6to4 Tunnels (RFC 3056) Automatic tunnel method – Tunnels created dynamically based upon embedded IPv4 addresses – NOT reliant upon a IPv6 ready Provider.

• Router tunnels IPv6 packets on 6to4 tunnel whenever the next-hop IPv6 address is non-local and its prefix is 2002::/16

•Encapsulated packet gets its IPv4 destination address from the IPv4 address embedded in the next-hop IPv6 address

• 6to4 Relay to be configured as default route to reach the IPv6 Internet – Anycast (RFC 3068) to handle several relays

IPv4 Internet

IPv6 site (dual stack)

6to4 relayAnycast2002

Public IPv4 address Interface IDSLA

Cisco IOS 12.3M/T and 12.2S

Cat.650012.0S on C12000


IPv6 over WAN – Securing IPv6 Tunnels

• Manual IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels can be secured using IPv4 IPsec

• 6to4 tunnels between remote sites from an enterprise can be secured using IPv4 IPsec and could take benefits of key distribution mechanisms for sites from a corporate network

• Remote sites that only get an IPv4 dynamic address can still re-negotiate the tunnel end-point with a central site and secure the connection using IPv4 Dynamic IPsec on Cisco IOS

• Securing IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels with IPv4 IPsec over UDP on Cisco IOS enables NAT and Firewall traversal in a secure way

• IPv6 ACL must be applied to the tunnel end-points to secure the IPv6 traffic


IPv6 Deployment Scenario for ISP

Environment ScenarioCisco IOS support

Core Core is IPv6 aware – Native IP Dual Stack Yes

Core is IPv6 unaware – MPLS 6PE/6VPE Yes

AccessFew customers, no native IPv6 service

form the PoP or Data link is not (yet) native IPv6 capable, ie: Cable Docsis

Tunnels Yes

Native IPv4-IPv6 services between aggregation and end-users

Dual Stack Yes

Dedicated circuits – IPv4 – IPv6 Dual Stack Yes


IPv6 over WAN – Configured Tunnels

IPv4Internet

IPv6 site (dual stack) IPv6 site (dual stack)

• Manually Configured tunnels – RFC 2893 or GRE

•IS-IS for IPv6 can only be configured over GRE tunnels

• Tunnel source and destination (IPv4) explicitly configured at end nodes

• Requires dual-stack router nodes or other end point (IPv4 and IPv6)

• As number of sites grows - manageability …





Transport Header

Cisco IOS 12.3M/T and 12.2S

Cat.6500 & 12.0S on C12000


Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 Infrastructure

• Early trials, eg. 6Bone were initially deployed using IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels.

• As IPv6 implementations mature,” Dual Stack network” is the normal evolution to deliver IPv6 services for native IP infrastructures

• Dual Stack may not necessarily apply to the entire infrastructure. One may begin on network’s portion such as Access or Core

An alternative is to associate dedicated L2 circuits to each IP protocol, eg. Over ATM or FR PVC, dWDM Lambdas,…

• Network design requirements

Selection of a routing protocol, ie: OSPFv3 or IS-IS

Decision on topology alignment or not, eg. Configuring MT IS-IS

Instrumentation and Management

Services, ie: Multicast, QoS,…


Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 Case Study

802.11 Hot-Spot

Dual-Stack CoreDual-Stack Core

IPv6 Broadband UsersIPv6 Broadband Users

IPv6 IX

PeeringPeering

DSLDSL, Cable, CableFTTHFTTH

Aggregation

ISP’s

6to4 RelayCourtesy Service

EnterpriseDual-Stack orDual-Stack orDedicated L2 circuitsDedicated L2 circuits

• IPv6 IX Peering

• IPv6 Transit services

• IPv6 enables on Core Routers

• IPv6 services to Enterprise customers

• IPv6 services to Home Users

• Additional Services

6to4 relay courtesy service

IPv6 Multicast for streaming (Triple Play)


IPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels

• Several Tunnelling mechanisms defined by IETF

Apply to ISP and Enterprise WAN networks

GRE, Configured Tunnels, Automatic Tunnels using IPv4 compatible IPv6 Address, 6to4

Apply to Campus

ISATAP

All of the above are supported on Cisco IOS

Leverages 6Bone experience

• No impact on Core infrastructure

Either IPv4 or MPLS





Transport Header


Native IPv6 over Dedicated Data Links

• Native IPv6 links over dedicated infrastructures

ATM PVC, dWDM Lambda, Frame Relay PVC, Serial, Sonet/SDH, Ethernet

All of the above are supported on Cisco IOS

No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructures

Only upgrade the appropriate network paths

IPv4 traffic (and revenues) can be separated from IPv6

• Network Management done through IPv4


IPv6 Tunnels & Native Case Study

• ISP scenario

Configured Tunnels or Native IPv6 between IPv6 Core Routers

Configured Tunnels or Native IPv6 to IPv6 Enterprise’s Customers

Tunnels for specific access technologies, eg. Cable

MP-BGP4 Peering with other 6Bone users

Connection to an IPv6 IX

6to4 relay service

• Enterprise/Home scenario

6to4 tunnels between sites, use 6to4 Relay to connect to the IPv6 Internet

Configured tunnels between sites or to 6Bone users

ISATAP tunnels or Native IPv6 on a Campus

Service Service ProviderProvider

IPv4 IPv4 backbonebackbone

IPv6 over IPv4Tunnels

IPv6 Site A

IPv6 Site B

U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y

6Bone

IPv6 IX

Use the most appropriate


Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 Infrastructure

• It is generally the goal when IPv6 traffic and users will be rapidly increasing

• May not necessarily apply to the overall infrastructure. One may begin on network’s portion such as Campus or Access or core networks

• Network design must be well planned

Memory size to handle the growth for both IPv4 & IPv6 routing tables

IGP options & its management: Integrated versus “Ships in the Night”

Full network upgrade impact

• IPv4 and IPv6 Control & Data planes should not impact each other


Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 Case Study

• Campus scenario

Upgrade all layer 3 devices to allow IPv6 hosts deployment anywhere, similar to IPX/IP environment

• ISP

Access technologies may have IPv4 dependencies, eg. for User’s management

Transparent IPv4-IPv6 access services

Core may not go dual-stack before sometimes to avoid a full network upgrade

Leased Line,DSL, FTTH

Dial, DSL, FTTH, Cable

Enterprise

SOHOResidential

ENT/SOHOResidential

IPv4 ServersRadius, NMS,…

IPv4/v6 ServersDNS, Web, News,…


Campus Deployment Scenario

• Full Layer 3 infrastructure upgrade to implement Dual Stack

Software or Hardware/Software dependent of expected performances

• Native IPv6 Router(s) on a Stick

VLANs are terminated on one or more IPv6 interfaces/routers

• Native IPv6 Routers on dedicated LANs interconnected using configured tunnels.

• ISATAP tunnels

ISATAP ISATAP routerrouter

IPv6-capable IPv6-capable L3 switchesL3 switches

IPv6 router IPv6 router on a stickon a stick

IPv6 over ISATAP tunnels


• Automatic discovery of ISATAP routersDNS "isatap.domainname" A record lookup

Automatic deprecation when end system receives native IPv6 router advertisements

ISATAP Details

InterfaceIdentifier(64 bits)

IPv4 Address64-bit Unicast Prefix 0000:5EFE:32-bit32-bit

Use IANA‘s OUI 00-00-5E and encode IPv4 address as part of EUI-64

draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-11draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-11draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-scenario-01draft-ietf-ngtrans-isatap-scenario-01


IPv6

Network

IPv4 Network

ISATAP-gw

192.168.99.1

E0

ISATAP-gw#!interface Ethernet0 ip address 192.168.99.1 255.255.255.0!interface Tunnel0 ipv6 address 2001:0420:ACAC:3101::/64 eui-64 no ipv6 nd suppress-ra tunnel source Ethernet0 tunnel mode ipv6ip isatap

192.168.100.10

2001:0420:ACAC:3101:0000:5EFE:C0A8:640A

ISATAP Router

Cisco IOS 12.2(15)T, 12.2(14)S

Supported in Windows XP Pro SP1

The tunnel source command must point to an interface with an IPv4 address configured.

Configure the ISATAP IPv6 address, and prefixes to be advertised just as you would with a native IPv6 interface.

The IPv6 address has to be configured as an EUI-64 address since the last 32 bits in the interface identifier is used as the IPv4 destination address.


Evaluating an IPv6 Multicast environment

• Client/Server applications

Server can be dual stack, serving IPv4 and IPv6 clients.

• Peer-to-Peer applications

All hosts run IPv6

• Both require an IPv6 Multicast aware infrastructure.


Enterprise Solutions and Deployments

PIM-SM with RP, PIM-bidir with RP, PIM-SSM

- scoped PIM domains

MLDv1 or MLDv2

• Campus deployment scenarios:

Dual StackDual Stack

Enterprise

Non-native v6, host<->router

ISATAPISATAP

Enterprise

Native IPv6 Multicast


Service Provider Solutions and Deployment

•Intra-AS

With Access Customers

•Inter-AS:

Among transit or peers

Residential

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or Dual stackor Dual stack

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnelsIPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or Dual stackor Dual stack

AS-ZAS-Y

PIM-SSM with MLDv2

PIM-SM

- embedded RP addressing

- scoped for non-global groups

- shared domains for global groups

mBGP with v6 mcast SAFI support


IPv6 over MPLS Infrastructure

• Service Providers have already deployed MPLS in their IPv4 backbone for various reasons

MPLS/VPN, MPLS/QoS, MPLS/TE, ATM + IP switching

• Several IPv6 over MPLS scenarios

IPv6 Tunnels configured on CE (no impact on MPLS)

IPv6 over Circuit_over_MPLS (no impact on IPv6)

IPv6 Provider Edge Router (6PE) over MPLS (no impact on MPLS core)IPv6 Provider Edge Router (6PE) over MPLS (no impact on MPLS core)

Native IPv6 MPLS (require full network upgrade)

• Upgrading software to IPv6 Provider Edge Router (6PE)Low cost and risk as only the required Edge routers are upgraded or installedAllows IPv6 Prefix delegation by ISP


Minimum Infrastructure Upgrade for 6PE

GE

GE GE

IPv6 Server

6PE router

Cisco 7600Sup.720 as 6PE

Data Center IPv6 Network

MPLS/IPv4

MPLS Coreup to OC-192

GE

IPv4 Server

NAT-PTOnly IPv6 segment

• MPLS/IPv4 Core Infrastructure is IPv6-unaware• PEs are updated to support Dual Stack/6PE • IPv6 reachability exchanged among 6PEs via iBGP (MP-BGP)• IPv6 packets transported from 6PE to 6PE inside MPLS

FTTH

MP-iBGP session6PE router v6

v4/v6

v4

CE

POPDSL

POP


P

P

P

P

Native IP or MPLS networks?

MP-iBGP sessions

VPN B

VPN A

VPN B

VPN B

VPN A

V4 and v6 VPNVPN A

• Target 12.2S RLS7•Based on CEF/MFI enhancements•EFT on 7200/7300/7500

• For MPLS/VPN customers, IPv6 VPN service is the same as IPv4 VPN service, 6VPE is added only when and where the service is required

• draft-ietf-l3vpn-bgp-ipv6 – Cisco co-authored (flefauch)

IPv6 VPN Provider Edge Router (6VPE)

V6 only

V6 only

V6 only

V4 and v6 VPN

V4 and v6 VPN


IPv6 on Broadband Infrastructure Requirements

CPEPEISP

Host

ISP provisioning system

How do we get the configuration information and prefixes from the ISP provisioning system, to the PE, from the PE to the user CPE, and from the CPE to the end user hosts?Routes for delegated prefixes/addresses also need to be injected into the ISP’s routing system.

??? ??????

Prefix DelegationPrefix DelegationAssignment of variable length prefixesIndependent of end user topology Media independentAdditional Informations (DNS, NTP,, SMTP, POP, etc)


Large Scale Deployment Suggested solution

CPEPEISP

Host

ISP provisioning system

The PE can also send RA’s on the PE-CPE link, and the CPE can auto-configure an “uplink” address. Prefix should be different from the prefix assigned to the user.

DHCP ND/DHCPAAA

(1) CPE sends DHCP solicit,

with ORO = PD

(2) PE sends RADIUS request for the user

(3) RADIUS responds with

user’s prefix(es)

(4) PE sends DHCP REPLY,

with Prefix Delegation

options

(5) CPE configures addresses from the prefix on its

downstream interfaces, and sends an RA. O-bit is set to

on.(6) Host configures addresses based on the prefixes received in the RA. As the O-bit is on, it send a DHCP INFORMATION-REQUEST message, with an ORO = DNS

(7) CPE sends a DHCP REPLY containing request options. Note that the CPE is configured as a DHCP client upstream, and as a DHCP server downstream. The DHCP downstream server acts as a cache, and uses the options received on the upstream interface.


Cisco IOS IPv6 Broadband Access Solutions

VideoIPv6 Multicast

DistributedComputing (GRID)

Enterprise

Internet

ISP A

PSTN

Dial

DSLAM

DSL

802.11

Access

Ethernet

DOCSIS 3.0 proposalCable

Mobile RAN

NAS

BAS

Head-end

Layer 2 Encapsulation(s)

ATM RFC 1483 Routed or Bridged (RBE)PPP, PPPoA, PPPoE, Tunnel (Cable)

Dual-Stack or MPLS (6PE) Core

IPv4/IPv6

IPv4/IPv6Firewall

PIX, IOS FW

IPv6 Prefix PoolsIPv6 Radius(Cisco VSA & RFC 3162)DHCPv6 Prefix DelegationStateless DHCPv6DHCPv6 RelayGeneric Prefix


Cisco IPv6 Security Solutions

IPv6 Firewall IPv6 Firewall Stateful Packet Stateful Packet

FilteringFiltering

IOS 12.3(7)TIOS 12.3(7)T

PIX 7.0PIX 7.0

•Secure connectivity– IPSec

o IPv4 dynamic IPSec to protect IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels with dynamic IPv4 end pointo IPv4 IPSec over UDP to offer protection when crossing a firewall or NATo IPv6 IPSec to authenticate OSPFv3 – 12.3(4)To IPv6 Site-to-Site – 12.4Tpi2

•Threat protection– Packet filtering

o Standard, reflexive, extended access control listo Enhanced extended ACL on 12.4Tpi1o Hardware filtering (Cisco 12000 Series IP Service Engine, Catalyst 6500 Series Supervisor Engine 720)

Integration and Coexistence

Now


IPv6-in-IPv4IPv4

IPSec VPNIPSec VPN

Remote Access – Cisco VPN Client & IPv6

• Requirements

Cisco IOS release with either Configured or ISATAP tunnels

Cisco VPN Client 4.x

CampusInternet

IPv4/IPv6IPv4/IPv6VPN3000/PIX/IOSVPN3000/PIX/IOS

IPv4IPv4Remote clientRemote client

IPv4/IPv6IPv4/IPv6

IPv4/IPv6IPv4/IPv6


Moving IPv6 to Production, running Cisco IOS

Telecommuter

Residential

Dual Stack or MPLS & 6PEDual Stack or MPLS & 6PE

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or Dedicated data link layersDedicated data link layers

Cable

IPv6 over IPv4 TunnelsIPv6 over IPv4 Tunnels

IPv6 IX

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or Dedicated data link layersDedicated data link layers

DSLDSL,,FTTHFTTH,,DialDial

Aggregation

IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels IPv6 over IPv4 tunnels or Dual stackor Dual stack

ISP’s

6Bone

6to4 Relay

Dual StackDual Stack

ISATAPISATAP

Enterprise

Enterprise

WAN: 6to4, IPv6 WAN: 6to4, IPv6 over IPv4, Dual Stackover IPv4, Dual Stack


Cisco Systems – Leading the Evolution

999999

• IETF IPv6 & NG Trans WG co-chair for several years

DHCPv6, MIPv6 WG chair or co-chair

Authored IPv6 Spec

• Cisco engineers originated many IETF proposals

MP-BGP4, NAT-PT, 6PE/6VPE, DHCPv6 PD,…

• Cisco IOS IPv6 experimented on 6Bone since 1996

• Cisco IOS IPv6 feature sets supported over + 24 platforms

• Founding member of the IPv6 Forum

• Founding partner of 6Net

• IPv6 Ready Logo

• Mobile Networking demo – IPv6 Promotion council “Jun Murai award”


Moving IPv6 to Production?

IPv6—Conclusion

• Core IPv6 specifications are well-tested & stable

Some of the advanced features of IPv6 still need specification, implementation, and deployment work

• Application, middleware and Scalable Deployment scenario are IPv6 Focus and Challenge.

• Plan for IPv6 integration and IPv4-IPv6 co-existence

Training, applications inventory, and IPv6 deployment planning

• Cisco is committed to deliver advanced IPv6 capabilities to the Internet industry

IPv6 Solutions, ABC of IPv6, e-Learning/Training, ISD,…

See http://www.cisco.com/ipv6


Agenda



• Integration and TransitionIntegration and Transition





IPv6 Deployment References

• Regional and Countries IPv6 Task Force

Europe - http://www.ipv6-taskforce.org/#

Belgium, France, Spain, Swiss, UK,…

North- America - http://www.nav6tf.org/

Japan IPv6 Promotion Council - http://www.v6pc.jp/en/index.html

China, Korea, India,…

• Relationship

Economic partnership between governments

China-Japan, Europe-China,…

• Recommendations and project’s funding

IPv6 2005 roadmap recommendations – Jan. 2002

European Commission IPv6 project funding: 6NET & EuroIX

• Tax Incentives

Japan only – 2002-2003 program



• China IPv6 activities

• European IPv6 Task Force

• North America IPv6 Task Force

• IPv6 and e-Europe

• 2000-JUN-14, Council and the European Commission for the Feira European Council

• IPv6 and e-Japan

• 6BoneThe 6Bone is an IPv6 pilot network, to test the deployment and evolution of the IPv6 protocol around the world. Cisco is attached to the 6Bone.

• IPv6 experiments in many countries around the world



• 6NET6NET is a three-year European project to demonstrate that continued growth of the Internet can be met using new IPv6 technology. Cisco is acting as project leader.

• 6RENThe 6REN is an initiative from Research and Education Networks that provides production IPv6 transit services to facilitate high quality, high performance, and operationally robust IPv6 networks.

• 6TAPThe 6TAP is a joint project between Canarie and ESnet. Its purpose is to facilitate peering between multiple IPv6 networks at the Chicago Star Tap. It uses a Cisco router.

• CSELT (Italy)Research lab of Telecom Italia working on IPv6. They provide one of the Tunnel Broker implementations.

• ESnet IPv6

• Euro6IX

• Freenet6 (Canada)Provides a Tunnel Broker implementation for IPv6 standalone users



• Internet-2 IP-v6

• JOIN (DFN Germany)

• Kame (Japan)The KAME Project is a joint effort of seven companies in Japan to provide a free IPv6 and IPsec (for both IPv4 and IPv6) stack for BSD variants to the world. Information on IPv6 for NetBSD may also be found on NetBSD.

• TAHI project (Japan)The TAHI Project is the joint effort formed by the three Japanese organisations with the objective of developing and providing the verification technology for IPv6.

• TF-TANT IPv6 (Europe)Sponsored by Ericsson/Telebit, this experiment is testing IPv6 between various NRN's in Europe. Many of them use Cisco routers.

• U.K. IPv6 Main U.K. IPv6 projects.

• VBNS (U.S.)



China Next Generation Internet (CNGI)

• CNGI project led by China Government

including 8 ministries: MII,…

Announced end of November 2003

• New National IPv6 backbone built independently by the participants and interconnect by at least 2 IPv6 IX.

• Total fund from government and the carriers will be 170M$.

• Includes 5 major carriers + NRN

China Telecom, China Unicom, China Netcom/CSTNET, China Mobile, China RailCom and CERNET

• By 2005, the scale of CNGI network will reach

39 GigaPOPs

+ 300 CPNs, nationwide coverage


Renater3 (French NRN): Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6

109

The 6net projectAn IPv6 testbed

for the European Community


What it is

• A 3 year research project funded by the European Commission to prepare the Next Generation Internet.


Main goals

• To build and operate a dedicated international IPv6 network, and use this network to validate that the demands for the continuous growth of the global Internet can be met with the new IPv6 technology.

• To help European research and industry to play a leading role in defining the next generation of networking and application technologies that go beyond the current state of the art.


• Operate an international pilot service such that geographically dispersed groups can interwork using native IPv6 facilities

• Validate the migration strategies for integrating IPv6 with the existing IPv4 infrastructure (core and access networks)

• Study and implement coexistence and migration techniques, and transition tools

• Introduce and intensively test state of the art IPv6 services

Sub-objectives


Sub-objectives cont.

• Test state of the art IPv6 applications and access to legacy IPv4 applications and content

• Evaluate the deployment and manageability of a large IPv6 network including physical infrastructure, address allocation, registries, routing and DNS operation

• Exploit the synergy between European NRNs and major industrial partners

• Collaborate with other IPv6 projects; offering the testbed for the support of their activities


Description of Work

WP 2

WP 3

WP 4

WP 5

WP 6

WP 1

WP 7

Build and operate the IPv6 network

IPv4-IPv6 coexistence

Basic network services

Application and service support

Middleware and user applications

Network management

Dissemination of informationW

P0

Pro

ject

an

d t

ech

nic

al m

anag

emen

t

Machine

Man


6NET Project Overview

Cisco 12400 and 7200 series

www.6net.org

DFN

United Kingdom

France

Switzerland

Austria

Italy

Germany

Sweden

The Netherlands

DenmarkForskningsnettet

NorwayUNINETT

FinlandFUNET

Greece

Ukerna Surfnet

POL-34

GRnet

GARRACOnetHungarnet

Switch

Renater

SwedenNORDUnet

NORDUnet

ATM Link6NET COREManual IPv6 Tunnel

Gigabit Ethernet (Trident)

STM1 POS/ATM

STM1 POS (over L2 tunnel)

STM16 POS

E1

NTT

CESnet

7200


Routing protocols

IGP:I/ISIS with support for IPv6 - draft-ietf-isis-ipv6-02.txt L2 neighborships onlyISIS Tuning:

LSP pacing, SPF and PRC back-off tuning

EGP:mBGP with support for IPv6AS# 6680iBGP full mesh between 6NET POP routerseBGP towards the NREN POP routersmd5 neighborship authentication for iBGP and eBGP


Addressing

• 6NET available address space: 2001:0798::/40

• Each 6NET pop will get a /48• Loopbacks get a prefix-length of /128• Point-to-points a /64


POP Location IPv6 POP addressing:2001:0798:<pop>::/48

Core: 2001:0798:0::/48

Sweden: 2001:0798:25::/48

Netherlands: 2001:0798:22::/48

Germany: 2001:0798:14::/48

Austria: 2001:0798:10::/48

Italy 2001:0798:20::/48

Switserland 2001:0798:12::/48

France: 2001:0798:16::/48

UK 2001:0798:28::/48

Greece: 2001:0798:17::/48

Addressing


Equipment

• Hardware6net PoP: 12404NRN PoP: 12404 or 7206

• Initial softwareCisco 12404: IOS 12.0(21)STCisco 7206: IOS 12.2(8)T


Questions?


More Information

• CCO IPv6 - http://www.cisco.com/ipv6

• The ABC of IPv6

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/iosswrel/products_abc_ios_overview.html

• IPv6 e-Learning [requires CCO username/password]

http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/732/Tech/ipv6/elearning/

• IPv6 Access Services :

http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/docs/ipv6_access_wp_v2.pdf

• ICMPv6 Packet Types and Codes TechNote:

http://www.cisco.com/warp/customer/105/icmpv6codes.html

• Cisco IOS IPv6 Product Manager – [email protected]

Presentation_ID 122122122122Presentation_ID © 1999, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com

Presentation_ID 123123123123© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Documents

1 IPv6 @ Cisco Patrick Grossetete Cisco Systems Cisco IOS IPv6 Product Manager [email protected] Ansar Pasha Cisco Systems Network Consultant, Govt &