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1. Introduction to Solid Waste Management
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Introduction to Solid Waste Management
Lesson 1: GoalsUnderstand course expectations Appreciate the magnitude of MSW issues Become familiar with integrated solid
waste management Become familiar with RCRA Understand MSW management in Florida Define Subtitle D wastes
Pretest1. The amount of municipal solid waste generated per
person per day in 2004 in the US was ________.
2. The amount of municipal solid waste generated per person per day in 2000 in Florida is ________.
3. How many aluminum cans have been thrown in the trash since 1972? ______.
4. The percent of aluminum cans sold in the US that was recycled is ____.
5. The US has 5% of the world’s population and generates ____% of the world’s solid waste.
Pretest Continued1. Waste oil disposed in the US is ____ times the volume of the
Valdez oil spill.
2. If all the MSW were put in waste collection vehicles and they were lined up, they would reach ____ times around the earth.
3. If every resident, visitor, and business in Florida chose to dump their trash at the beach rather than manage it properly, by the end of the year the pile would measure ___ ft high, ____ ft wide, and span the entire length of Florida's coastline.
4. You are probably familiar with the term NIMBY, what does BANANA mean?
5. How many disposable diapers are thrown away each year?
ExerciseName five types of purchase you
or your family made that you expect will outlive you– Example, real estate
What happens to everything else you bought?
Today’s Solid WasteAccording to EPA US produces
251 million tons/year (2006)Biocycle reports 388 million
tons/year4.6 pounds/person/day
Florida MSW Per Capita Generation Rate
5
6
7
8
9
10
Year
Per C
apita
Gen
erat
ion
(lb/d
ay)
02468
1012141618202224
Mill
ions
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
Florida Population Growth (1830 - 2020)
Population Low Projection Medium Projection High Projection
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
WTE
Landfill
0
5
10
15
20
25
Tons
MSW
Man
aged
(In
Mill
ions
)Florida MSW Management
Landfills
Recycle
Incineration
Florida Situation 35 million tons in 2006 (8.8 pounds
per person per day) 65 % landfilled, 11 % recycled, 24
% WTE, 60 Class I landfills (all lined), 13 WTE, more WTE capacity than any other state
SW leg passed in June 1988 - Public Law 88-130 of Fla. Statutes.
Special Wastes - Tire Recycling In US 291 million disposed/yr
(4.6 million tons) In US 38% recycled by wt,
80% by number 275 million stockpiled (90%
reduction since 1990) In Florida 19.5 million
discarded, 84% recycled Many ways to recycle
– retread– playgrounds– Tire derived fuel– Ground rubber (carpet,
tracks)– Civil engineering applications
(roads, embankment)
Special Wastes - E-Wastes 1.5 billion lb of e-wastes
processed annually 250 million PCs obsolete
in next 5 yrs Contain lead,
halogenated compounds, antimony, plastics
Cost to recycle a PC is $10-$60
Cost to manage e-waste will reach $10.8 billion between 2006-2015
Cell PhonesHandset: 40% metals, 40% plastics,
20% ceramic/trace materialsAverage lifespan is 9-18 months200 million wireless subscribers in US125 million phones discarded/yr
(65,000 tons of waste)Phones can be refurbished and reused
or smelted for metals recovery1-2% are recycled
Electronic WasteElectronic devices contain a variety of
potentially toxic elements– Metals (lead, mercury, cadmium,…)– Organic chemicals (PCBs, brominated flame
retardants)Many devices meet the definition of
hazardous waste– Color CRTS are recognized as hazardous
wastes by the US EPA– Other devices which contain printed wire
boards also frequently meet the criteria for hazardous waste
Lead is Primary Concern from Regulatory Perspective(TC Limit for Lead = 5 mg/L)
Face
Funnel
Neck
Frit
0 – 3% Pb
24% Pb
30% Pb
70% Pb
Cathode Ray Tube Printed Wiring Boards
Managing Discarded Electronics Historically, these
devices were handled in the same manner as furniture and other household items
Waste managers today must consider regulatory implications and environmental concerns
Flood debris in New Orleans. Note the television.
A personal computer in a scrap metal pile at a disaster debris landfill.
SolutionsLegislated recycling mandates
(advanced recovery fees, require manufacturers to take back equipment)?
Voluntary recovery and recycling?Landfilling?
Special Wastes - 2004 Hurricane Season 4 major hurricanes made landfall Estimated 44,000,000 yd3 debris*
– 70% vegetative– 30% mixed debris
Waste would fill a football stadium to the brim 90 times
Waste collected in 365 staging areas covering 4,000 acres
Mixed waste must go to Class I landfill Vegetative – burned or chipped for fuel or
mulch (or sent overseas Aluminum, other materials have been recycled
*Hurricane Andrew generated 42,000,000 yd3
New Orleans – Katrina 2005
World Trade Center 16 acres, 2 towers, five smaller buildings >100 ft high, 80 ft deep pile of debris Burned at > 1200o F for weeks 1,450,000 tons, averaged 6400 tpd, peak at
17,500 tons/day Transported 17 tons/truck to Fresh Kills Landfill
– 3000-acre site Salvaged steel Glass, steel, concrete, electrical cord (12,000
miles), duct work (128 miles), 900 vehicles
Reduce
Integrated Waste Management
RecycleIncinerate
Landfill
Waste Reduction“Precycling” -
buying choices that support responsible products and packaging, makes recycling easier
Ways to Reduce Using durable coffee mugs. Using cloth napkins or towels. Refilling bottles. Donating old magazines or surplus equipment. Reusing boxes. Turning empty jars into containers for leftover food. Purchasing refillable pens and pencils. Participating in a paint collection and reuse program. Reusable items, avoid “throwaways” Concentrated liquids Cloth bags Reduced packaging Reduced toxicity (white out, batteries…)
RemanufacturingNot the same as refurbishingProduct is completely disassembledAs many components as possible
are salvaged and cleanedEnhanced parts are reassembledCosts are less than half the price of
new goods (less materials, energy, and waste)
RemanufacturingRebuilt to Last The central premise
behind the remanufacturing process is this: Generally speaking, the cost of building a new widget is 70% materials and 30% labor. Why not try to wring more productivity out of the materials component, as well as the labor side?
RemanufacturingDiesel Engines Caterpillar got into this
business in the 1970s as a favor to client Ford Motor. Now, remanufacturing is one $1 billion and the fastest-growing divisions. Caterpillar's main reman facility in Corinth, Miss., churns out hundreds of remanufactured diesel engines a month.
RemanufacturingSingle-Use Camera
Apart from film itself, most of the parts in the disposable cameras that Kodak made famous are reusable up t o 10 times
The customer drops the camera off at a photo developer, say a drug store. The drug store develops that roll of film but sends the camera “core” back to the camera manufacturer to be reused.
RemanufacturingXerox CopiersXerox has saved
“billions” over the years by remanufacturing both copy machines and toner cartridges
RecyclingRecycling, including composting,
diverted 79 million tons of material away from landfills and incinerators in 2005 (32%), up from 34 million tons in 1990.
By 2002, almost 9,000 curbside collection programs served roughly half of the American population.
Curbside programs, drop-off, and buy-back centers
Recycling - Advantages Advantages
– Conserves resources for our children's future.
– Prevents emissions of many greenhouse gases and water pollutants.
– Saves energy. – Supplies valuable raw
materials to industry. – Creates jobs. – Stimulates the
development of greener technologies.
– Reduces the need for new landfills and incinerators.
Recycling - DisadvantagesEnvironmental impactsNot always economicalCannot recycle everything
Finished Compost
Waste to Energy Advantages
– volume reduction– energy recovery
Disadvantages– public distrust– difficult to operate– cost– air pollutants
33.4 million tons burned in 2005 (13.6%)
Landfilling Advantages
– gas recovery potential– simple– low cost
Disadvantages– odor, visibility– NIMBY, NOPE,
NIMTOO, BANANA 133.3 million tons in
2005 (54.3%)
“Begin with theend in mind”
