1. INTRODUCTION 2. INTERACTIONS ENTRE MACLES 3.1 ...matperso.mines-paristech.fr/Personnel/andre.pineau/...Les joints de macles ne sont pas infranchissables Séminaire Maclage – Centre

DEFORMATION ET RUPTURE DES ALLIAGES CFC A BASSE EFE

IMPORTANCE DU MACLAGE MECANIQUE

A.Pineau

Centre des Matériaux - Mines ParisTech

[email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTERACTIONS ENTRE MACLES

3. MACLAGE ( et Déformation planaire) ET RUPTURE (In tergranulaire)3.1. Intersections entre macles mécaniques et macle s de recuit3.2. Maclage et Rupture Intergranulaire

Fatigue – Fluage et Fatigue- Fluage

4. REHEAT CRACKING DES ACIERS INOXYDABLES AUSTENITI QUES4.1. Une expérience astucieuse4.2. Autres résultats sur divers aciers

5. CONCLUSIONS

Séminaire Maclage – Centre des Matériaux – 09/09/2010 A. Pineau



A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS



STUDIES AT CDM DEVOTED TO TWINNING IN FCC MATERIALS

(To my knowledge)

~ 1970 : A. Guimier & J.-L. Strudel –WASPALOY

~ 1970-1980 : F. Lecroisey – L. Rémy – F. Abrassart – K. Sipos - G. Chalant – D. Fournier– A.Pineau

Stainless Steels – Fe-Mn alloys – Co-Ni alloys – Inco 718

~ 1970-1990 : J.-L. Strudel : Ni-base Superalloys

~ 2008 : S. Nanga, Stainless Steels

~ 2007-2010 : J. Lorthios, A.-F. Gourgues, J. Besson – TWIP Steels

~ 2010 : S. Forest et al.

C.Efstathiou, H. Sehitoglu, Acta Mater., vol.58, 2010, pp. 1479-1488

Hadfield Steel

Single Crystal



Hadfield Steel

Single Crystal



P. Mullner, Acta metall. mater. ,vol.42,1994,pp.2211-2217Fe-18Cr-18Mn-0.03C-0.6N

77K –є = 9.2 %


P. Mullner, Acta metall. mater. ,vol.42,1994,pp.2211-2217Fe-16Cr-17Ni-4Mn-3Mo-0.03C-0.26N

4.2K –є = 32%

L.Rémy, A.Pineau, Met. Trans ,1974, vol.5, p.963ACIER INOXYDABLE AUSTENITIQUE


TEM analysis of a band of twins and Єmartensite : a), b), c), d) dark field images with diffraction spot 1,2,3 4;e) diffraction pattern (electron beam parallel to 1-10 austenite; f) schematic of the fine structure of the band

Austenite εMartensite

Twin εMartensite


P. Mullner, Acta metall. mater. ,vol.42,1994,pp.2211-2217

Fe-21Cr-13Ni-7Mn-3Mo-0.02C-0.39N

4.2K –є = 8.2%

σXY

σXX

Unités

105 µb / (1-ν)

M.J. Marcinkowski, Trans AIME , vol.242, 1968, pp.1405-1412



P. Mullner et al., Acta metall.mater.,vol.42,1994, pp.2211-2217

Fe-16Cr- 17Ni - 4Mn -3Mo - 0.03C- 0.26N

Tensile test

at 4.2 K

RESULTS

Effect of Temperature at low strain rate (3 x 10-4 s-1) : 201 Steel

AISI 201

True strain (-)M

arte

nsite

vol

ume

fract

ion

(-)

AISI 201

True strain (-)M

arte

nsite

vol

ume

fract

ion

(-)

True strain (-)

Tru

est

ress

(M

Pa)

True strain (-)

Tru

est

ress

(M

Pa)

201 Steel is more stable than 301 LN Steel

25 °C-18%25 °C – 1025 MPa



Ph. Pilvin, 200920°C –є.= 7 10- 3 s-1 – Continuous loading

20°C –є. = 7 10-5 s-1 –Continuous loading

20°C –є. = 8 10-5s-1- 1st loading and unloading, then loading at 100°C

DEFORMATION TWINNING ( in the absence of strain induced martensite) CAN PRODUCE EXTREMELY LARGE WORK- HARDENING RATES

20°C

100°C

301 Steel


Co-33NiL. Rémy, Acta Met.,vol.20, 1978, pp.443-451


γ = 20 mJ m-2

155 MPa

L. Rémy , Met.Trans., vol.12A, 1981,pp.387-408

L. Rémy et al;, Mat. Science & Eng.,vol.36,1978, pp.47-63

28

3fcc hcpd

a N SdT

→γ = ∆

2 1

2 1

19 % 12 % / 0.10

20 % 4 % / 0.06

Fe at Cr at Ni d dT mJ m K

Fe at Mn at Cr d dT mJ m K

− −

− −

− − γ =− − γ =

STRONG TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE in particular IN STAINLESS STEELS

J.A. Venables, Deformation Twinning,, 1963

TWINNING STRESS ?



A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTERACTIONS ENTRE MACLES ( See also J.W. Christian & S. Mahajan, Deformation Twinning , Progress in Materials Science, vol.39, pp.1-157, 1995)




5. CONCLUSIONS


C.Efstathiou, H. Sehitoglu, Acta Mater., vol.58, 2010, pp. 1479-1488 Hadfield Steel

Single Crystal



Hadfield Steel

Single Crystal


K.Rajan, J.Materials Science Letters, 1982, vol.1, pp.482-484

Co-Cr-Mo ALLOY



L. Rémy , Met. Trans., vol.12A , 1981, pp.387-408, A.Coujou et al., Acta metall. mater.,vol.40, 1992,pp.337-344

( )

[ ] [ ] ( )

( )

[ ] [ ] ( )

'

'

2

' 2

1 1 1110 110 2 112 133%

2 2 6'

1 1 1110 101 211 33%

2 2 6

T

T

Les partielles doivent se recombiner

AB Cross slip

DC CD C Twinning

DC AD B Chgt épaisseur macle

• →• → +

→ + ×

• → +

→ +

DISLOCATIONS PARFAITES

β β δ

β β δ

δ

δ[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ]( ) ( )

' '

'

3 ' ' 2

1 1 1 13 211 101 110 2 211

6 2 2 63 '

1 1 1 13 211 110 110 211

6 2 2 6,1992

T T

T

D AD CD B

D CD DC B

Coujou Changement épaisseur macles

β β β δ

β β β δ

β δ

β δ

• → + +

× → + + ×

• × → + +

× → + +

DISLOCATIONS PARTIELLES

D

AB

D’

β’

βδ

C

L.Rémy , Met Trans , vol.12A, 1981, pp.388-408


A.Coujou, Acta Met., vol.40,1992, pp.337-344Cu- 5.5 at% Si

3 Aββ ACβ‘ou δ ou β+D‘Cβ‘+δBδ



A. Coujou, Phil. Mag. Letters. 1987, vol.56 ,pp.13-21Cu - 6.5 at.% Si

Les fines macles ou défauts plans peuvent disparaître.

Les joints de macles ne sont pas infranchissables


A. Coujou, Phil. Mag. Letters. 1987, vol.56 ,pp.13-21Cu - 6.5 at.% Si

A

C

B

D

β

γ

Stair Rod



A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS



P. Mullner et al., Acta metall.mater.,vol.42,1994, pp.2211-2217

Fe-16Cr- 17Ni - 4Mn -3Mo - 0.03C- 0.26N

Tensile test

at 4.2 K

Hull, Acta Mat.,vol.8,1960, p.11


MONOCRISTAUX Fe-3Si

Cleavage crack


Z.F. Zhang et al., to be published in Phil. Mag.,2010

Cu-Zn & Cu-Al Alloys


Z.F. Zhang et al., to be published in Phil. Mag.,2010



A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS


Z.H.Zhang, Z.G. Wang, Acta Mater., vol.51, 2003, pp. 347-364

Cu BICRYSTALS


Z.H.Zhang, Z.G. Wang, Acta Mater., vol.51, 2003, pp. 347-364


Cu BICRYSTALS

B.Dyson, M.J.Rodgers, Mat. Science, 1974, vol.8, pp.261-266

NIMONIC 80A


B.Dyson, M.J. Rodgers, Mat. Science, 1974, vol.8, pp.261-266


NIMONIC 80A

T.Saegusa, J. Wertman, Met.Trans, vol.11A, 1980, p1453

ASTROLOY



( )3

2

2

2/3 2/3

81 cos (2 cos )

3

2

2 sinexp exp

S

n

S

n

j j n

G

R

DR GN

kT kT

γπ ψ ψσ

γσ

δ σπ ψ

∗

∗

∗ ∗

∆ = − +

=

Ω ∆= ⋅ ⋅ − Ω Ω

&

σn= 1000 MPa

Effect of Stress Concentration

Dislocation densities (TEM) a) Zone 1; b) Zone 3; c) & d) Zone 4


INCO 718

Devaux et al., Mat. Science & Eng. A, 486, 2008, pp. 117-122

DA 718 ST 718

DA 718


INCO 718

Devaux et al., Mat. Science & Eng. A, 486, 2008, pp. 117-122

CREEP CRACK GROWTH RATE IN ALLOY 718

INFLUENCE OF MICROSTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENT

TR : AS QUENCHED (~950°C) + AGED (720°C - 8h + 620°C - 8h)

DA : DIRECT AGING (720°C - 8h + 620°C -8h) after FORGING

2-TR 718 Air 704°C

3-TR 718 Air 650°C

5-TR 718 Vac 650°C

4- 718 Necklace grain

structure Air 650°C

6- Overaged 718

Air 650°C

1- DA 718 Air 700°C




A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS


Turski et al., Acta Mater., vol.56, 2008, pp 3598-3612

Déformation en Compression à 25°C et Maintien en Température à 550°C – 4500 heures

316 H C= 0.05 Wt %



Turski et al., Acta Mater., vol.56, 2008, pp 3598-3612316 H C= 0.05 Wt %


316 H C= 0.05 Wt % P Turski et al., Acta Mater., vol.56, 2008, pp 3598-3612


Turski et al., Acta Mater., vol.56, 2008, pp 3598-3612

316 H C= 0.05 Wt % P


Turski et al., Acta Mater., vol.56, 2008, pp 3598-3612316 H C= 0.05 Wt % P



A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS


Q. Auzoux et al. , JNM , vol.400,(2010), pp.127-137


L. Allais et al.,Mécanique et Industries, 6,(2005),pp.45-54










Fracture surface of prestrained 316 H Steel tested at 600°C









A.Pineau


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1. INTRODUCTION





5. CONCLUSIONS



CONCLUSIONS

• Les Problèmes de Mode!

• Many Researches on Mechanical Twinning in FCC Metals are needed:

- Nucleation still poorly understood

- Relatively Strong Strain Rate Sensitivity of Low SFE FCC Metals

- More Detailed Observations of Slip/Twin and Twin/TwinIntersections

- Twin Boundaries Weak or Strong?

Monotonous – Fatigue- Creep Loadings


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1. INTRODUCTION 2. INTERACTIONS ENTRE MACLES 3.1 ...matperso.mines-paristech.fr/Personnel/andre.pineau/...Les joints de macles ne sont pas infranchissables Séminaire Maclage – Centre