1-Intro2ProjMgmt

8/7/2019 1-Intro2ProjMgmt

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Copyright Course Technology 1999 1

Chapter 1:

Introduction to Project

Management


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IT Projects have a terrible track record

A 1995 Standish Group study found that only16.2% of IT projects were successful

Over 31% of IT projects were canceled beforecompletion, costing over $81 B in the U.S. alone

A 1999 ComputerWorld article listed projectmanager as the #1 position IT managers say

they need most for contract help The need for IT projects keeps increasing

Companies in general are emphasizingprojects

Motivation for Studying Information

Technology (IT) Project Management


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What Is a Project?

A project is a temporary endeavorundertaken to accomplish a uniquepurpose

Attributes of projects unique purpose

temporary

require resources, often from variousareas

should have a primary sponsor and/orcustomer

involve uncertainty


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Samples of Projects

Northwest Airlines developed a newreservation system called ResNet (seechapters 11-16)

Bank of America created a system tointegrate check processing, checkingaccounts, and savings accounts invarious states (p. 130)

Kodak created the Advantix AdvancedPhoto System in one of their mostambitious projects ever (p. 302)


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Projects Ive Worked On

Writing this book!Writing a web-based CBT course

Starting a new academic program

Purchasing a risk management system foran oil company

Starting a new internal consulting group

Managing a beta test for new software

The National Aerospace Plane Project

The High Reliability Fighter Project

The Local Online Network System Project

etc., etc., etc.


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The Triple Constraint

Every project is constrained in differentways by its

Scope goals

Time goals

Cost goals

It is the project managers duty to

balance these three often competinggoals


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Figure 1-1. The Triple Constraint

of Project Management


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Exercise on the Triple Constraint

Pair up and instructor assign rolesPlayer describe in your own words

what the triple constraint really

means, then give an example of it ona real project youre familiar with

Coach listen and ask questions,

then be ready to share what yourpartner said

Was the project successful? Whyor why not?


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What is Project Management?

Project management is theapplication of knowledge, skills, tools,and techniques to project activities in

order to meet or exceed stakeholderneeds and expectations from aproject (PMI*, Project ManagementBody of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide),

1996, p. 6)*The Project Management Institute (PMI) is an international professionalsociety. Their web site is www.pmi.org. Over 315,000 copies of the PMBOKGuide were in circulation by June 1999.


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Figure 1-2. Project Management

Framework

TT


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Project Stakeholders

Stakeholders are the people involved inor affected by project activities

Stakeholders include

the project sponsor and project team support staff

customers

users suppliers

opponents to the project


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9 Project Management

Knowledge AreasKnowledge areas describe the key

competencies that project managers mustdevelop

4 core knowledge areas lead to specific projectobjectives (scope, time, cost, and quality)

4 facilitating knowledge areas are the meansthrough which the project objectives are achieved(human resources, communication, risk, andprocurement management)

1 knowledge area (project integrationmanagement) affects and is affected by all of theother knowledge areas


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Project Management Tools and

Techniques

Project management tools andtechniques assist project managersand their teams in various aspects of

project management

Some specific ones include

Project Charter and WBS (scope)

Gantt charts, PERT charts, critical pathanalysis (time)

Cost estimates and Earned Value Analysis(cost)


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Sample WBS for Intranet Project

in Chart Form

Concept

Desi n ser Interf ce

Desi n er er et p

Develop erverpport Infr str ct re

Web iteDesi n

Develop esand inks

DevelopFunctionalit

Contenti ration/Integration

Testing

Web iteDevelopment

oll ut upport

Intranet roject


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Figure 1-4. Sample Gantt Chart*

*This template file comes with Project 98

WBS Gantt Chart


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Figure 1-5. Sample PERT Chart

Each box is a project task from the WBS. Arrows show dependencies

between tasks. The tasks in red are on the critical path. If any tasks on the

critical path take longer than planned, the whole project will slip

unless something is done.

B

2 2 days

Mon 8/3/98 Tue 8/4/98

C

3 3 days

Mon 8/3/98 Wed 8/5/98

D

4 4 days

Tue 8/4/98 Fri 8/7/98

E

5 5 days

Wed 8/5/98 Tue 8/11/98

G

7 6 days

Thu 8/6/98 Thu 8/13/98

H

8 6 days

Wed 8/12/9 Wed 8/19/98

I

9 2 days

Fri 8/14/98 Mon 8/17/98

F

6 4 days

Wed 8/5/98 Mon 8/10/98

A

1 1 day

Mon 8/3/98 Mon 8/3/98

J

10 3 days

Thu 8/20/98 Mon 8/24/98


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0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

WS

r

m l

t v

Pl

WP

r

m l

t v

ct

l

WP

r

m l

t v

V

WS

WP

W P

h dul i n

o t i n

E

Sample Earned Value Chart


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Advantages of Project Management*Bosses, customers, and other stakeholders

do not like surprisesGood project management (PM) provides

assurance and reduces risk

PM provides the tools and environment to

plan, monitor, track, and manage schedules,resources, costs, and quality

PM provides a history or metrics base for

future planning as well as gooddocumentation

Project members learn and grow by workingin a cross-functional team environment

*Source: Knutson, Joan, PM Network, ecember 1997, p. 13


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How Project Management (PM)

Relates to Other Disciplines

Much of the knowledge needed tomanage projects is unique to PM

However, project managers must alsohave knowledge and experience in

general management

the application area of the project

Project managers must focus onmeeting specific project objectives


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Figure 1-3. Project Management

and Other Disciplines


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History of Project Management*Modern project management began with

the Manhattan Project, which the U.S.military led to develop the atomic bomb

In 1917 Henry Gantt developed the Ganttchart as a tool for scheduling work in jobshops

In 1958, the Navy developed PERT charts

In the 1970s, the military began usingproject management software, as did theconstruction industry

By the 1990s, virtually every industry wasusing some form of project management

* August 1999 PM Network has good articles on history of PM


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The Project Management

Profession

A 1996 Fortune article called projectmanagement the number one careerchoice

Other authors like Tom Peters andThomas Stewart stress that projectsare what add value to organizations

Professional societies like the Project

Management Institute have growntremendously


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Project Management

Certification PMI provides certification as a Project

Management Professional (PMP)

A PMP has documented sufficient project

experience, agreed to follow a code ofethics, and passed the PMP exam

The number of people earning PMPcertification is increasing quickly

Other groups, like the Gartner Group and theSingapore Computer Society, have their ownIT PM Certification programs


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Figure 1-6. Growth in PMP

Certification, 1993-1998 Over 12,500by May 1999


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Code ofEthics

PMI developed a project managementcode of ethics that all PMPs must agreeto abide by

Conducting work in an ethical mannerhelps the profession earn confidence

Ethics are on the web at

www.pmi.org/certification/code.htm


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