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1
InterNet InterNet 簡介簡介
主講人:柯皓仁國立交通大學計算機中心
分機: 52807
E-mail : [email protected]
問題諮詢: [email protected]
主講人:柯皓仁國立交通大學計算機中心
分機: 52807
E-mail : [email protected]
問題諮詢: [email protected]
2 時程表時程表Introduction To InternetDomain Name & Internet AddressThe Basic Services of InternetYour First Steps on InternetAdvanced Services of Internet
Introduction To InternetDomain Name & Internet AddressThe Basic Services of InternetYour First Steps on InternetAdvanced Services of Internet
3
Introduction to InternetIntroduction to Internet
What is a network?What is InternetA Brief History of Internet
What is a network?What is InternetA Brief History of Internet
8
What is The Internet?What is The Internet?
A network of networksA large collection of independent networks, all
of which run TCP/IP, that are tied together.
9
The InternetThe Internet
NSFNET
Other NETS
APARNET
MILNET
TANET
10
What can Internet Do for Users?What can Internet Do for Users?Communication
Electronic MailI-Phone
Learning and Discussing toolBBSUsenet
Collecting informationLibrary Searching
EntertainmentMUD
CommercialOn-Line Order
11
Domain Name & IP AddressDomain Name & IP Address
12
IP AddressIP AddressA way to identify uniquelyuniquely an area of the Net or an c
omputer on the NetConsists of 4 digits, each of which ranges from
0 to 255 (usually 1-254), separated by dot(.)140.113.1.1
140 : Taiwan113 : NCTU
If you want to connect your computer to Inter-net, aask your network manager for an IP addresssk your network manager for an IP address
13 Domain Name System (DNS)Domain Name System (DNS)
Internet
TW
EDU
NCTU CC CCSUN1
140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw
14
Domain Name System(DNS)Domain Name System(DNS)
A symbolic name for an IP-address (machine)A domain: an organization level within InternetDomains can be connected together (by dot (.)) to
create a unique identifier.left to right: most specific to most general Top-level : organizational or geographicask your network manager for your domain ask your network manager for your domain
Name(FQDN, Full Qualified Domain Name)Name(FQDN, Full Qualified Domain Name)
15
Top Organization DomainsTop Organization Domains
Domain Purposecom Commercial Entitesedu Educational Institutionsgov non-military US Government Institutionorg Non-profit Organizationsnet Network Resourcesmil US military Institutionsint International Institutions (NATO)
16
Top Geographic DomainsTop Geographic Domains
Domain Countrytw Taiwanjp Japande Germanyfr Franceus United Statesuk United Kingdomca Canada
17
TANet DomainTANet Domain
tw edu.tw
org.tw
nctu.edu.twnthu.edu.tw
ntu.edu.tw
cc.nctu.edu.twcis.nctu.edu.twcsie.nctu.edu.tw
..... .....
com.tw
gov.tw
net.tw
18 Hostname VS DomainnameHostname VS Domainname
TW
EDU
NCTU CC CCSUN1
140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw140.113.4.11 --> ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw
ccsun1 is the hostname of 140.113.4.1 ccsun1.cc.nctu.edu.tw is the domainname(FQDN) of 140
.113.4.1When you connect to a machine within the same domain
, you can just use that machine's hostname
19
TThe Basic Service of Internethe Basic Service of Internet
Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)File Transfer Service (ftp)E-Mail Service (SMTP)
20
Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)Virtual Terminal Service (telnet)
$telnet hostTrying...Connected to hostEscape Character is '^]'
host's O.S. Version(host) login: <--- UserNamepasswd: <--- Password$ ........................................................$logoutConnection closed by foreign host.
...............................................
Work as if you are on host
Use Resources and Services of host
Come back to Local
21
File Transfer Service (ftp)File Transfer Service (ftp)$ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): Password:User username logged in.ftp>
ftp> quit (Come back to the local)
OK. Connect to FTP Server.You can get or put files now.
Enter your username/password
22 FFile Transfer Service (ftp) (Cont.)ile Transfer Service (ftp) (Cont.)Use get command to copy file(s) from the remo
te host.ftp> get <remote_file>
Use put command to copy local file(s) to theremote host.ftp> put <local_file>
You can use cd, ls,....,etc. as in UNIX Use ? in the 'ftp>' prompt to get helpYou should be a user of the remote host to get
/put files
23
Anonymous FTPAnonymous FTP
Some hosts on Internet are set up in a way thatyou can use file transfer service to get publicdomain utilities without an account on it.
$ftp hostConnected to host. 220 host FTP server readyName(host:username): anonymous/ftpanonymous/ftpPassword:[email protected] (E-mail)[email protected] (E-mail)ftp>
Do as normal ftp
24
FTP ExerciseFTP Exercise Anonymous FTP between PC and a server
d:\> ftp nctuccca.nctu.edu.twftp nctuccca.nctu.edu.twlogin: ftpftppassword: [email protected]@cc.nctu.edu.twftp> pwdpwdftp> binarybinaryftp> cd /NCTU/SLIP-Servicecd /NCTU/SLIP-Serviceftp> lslsftp> get slippr13.zipget slippr13.zipftp> quitquit
25
FTP Exercise (Cont.)FTP Exercise (Cont.) Transfer files by your account
d:\> ftp ccsunxxftp ccsunxxlogin: YOUR USERNAMEYOUR USERNAME
password: YOUR PASSWORDYOUR PASSWORDftp> lcd d:\lcd d:\ftp>? lcd? lcdftp> asciiasciiftp>? ascii? asciiftp> get .cshrc cshrc.nodget .cshrc cshrc.nodftp> quitquit
26
EElectronic Mail (SMTP)lectronic Mail (SMTP)
You can use Mail (BSD), mailx(SV), or elm tosend your electronic letter to a remote user.
Mail user@host < letter.txtYou send a file named letter.txt created in advance.host should be a domain name unless you and the user are
within the same domain.
Mail user@hostEnter your Subject and your message, and press
CTRL-D to complete the input of your message.
27
Your First Steps on InternetYour First Steps on Internet
How to display the status of machinesHow to check if a host is currently AvailableHow to list the users logged on to a systemHow to talk to other users
28
Using the rup commandUsing the rup command
The function of the rup command:Display the status of the machines within the same su
bnet
ruprup <hostname>
29
Using the ping CommandUsing the ping Command
The function of the ping commandTell you if a remote computer is currently available o
n the network.
ping <domainname> : Display a short messageping -s <domainname> : Also show the perfor
mance of the link between you and the remote host Use Ctrl-C to end the ping -s command.
30
Using the rusers/ku CommandUsing the rusers/ku Command
Use rusers/ku to display the users logged into the systems within the same subnet.
rusersrusers <hostname>
31 Using the talk commandUsing the talk commandThe function of the talk command:
Let you make a on-line conversation with other userstalk <username>@<domainname>
Use Ctrl-C to terminate conversation.Using the mesg
mesg y : allow the talk requestmesg n : reject the talk requestmesg : display the current mesg setup
Other version of talk:ctalk : Can use Chineseytalk : Can talk with users on the systems not using UN
IXcytalk: Can use Chinese
32 EExample of talkxample of talk
Message from Talk_Daemon@ccsun2 at 16:00talk: connection requested by jami@ccsun2talk: respond with: talk jami@ccsun2
The message shown on my screen
Jami on ccsun2 want to talk with freddyStep1: Use rusers to find if freddy is logged ont
osome sysytem.
Step2: Ah, freddy is on ccsun1Step3: talk freddy@ccsun1
freddy can issue talk jami@ccsun2 to beginthe on-line conversation with jami
33
AAdvanced Services of Internetdvanced Services of Internet
Usenet NewsGopherBBSWWW
34
UUsenet Newssenet NewsA collection of discussion groups that serves as
a giant bulletin board.You can obtain the information you want from News.You can post a questions to the News and get your
answer.You can respond your opinion on some topic or
answer the question asked by others.
Use the tin command to read Usenet NewsAs a novice user, Please use your eyes more Please use your eyes more
than your fingersthan your fingers.
35
GopherGopher
Gopher is an information retrieval system that let you search information from all around the world.
Use the gopher command to enter the gopher system
36
BBS (Bulletin Board System)BBS (Bulletin Board System)
Integrate a few of network services as a whole system.Post and read of bulletin board (similar to news)Electronic MailTalkRetrieve files....
Use telnet <BBS-Server> and follow the direction to enter BBS
37
WWW (World-Wide Web)WWW (World-Wide Web)
WWW is a multi-media, hyper-text information providing system.
On PC Windows 95/NTUse netscape or mosaic to browse WWW
On Workstation X-windows ScreenUse netscape or mosaic to browse WWW