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CLEVELAND HOUSE

AN ARCHAEOLOOICAL ASSESSMENT

Prepared for

MERITONAPARTMENTSPTYLTD

by

Rosemary Annable

November 1991

I I I I I I I I

J )' ' '

Contents

List of Figures

Part 1

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Site location

1.3 Heritage listing

1.4 History of the house and its surroundings

1.5 The house and its associated outbuildings and grounds

Page

2

5

5

5

5

7

1.6 Statement of significance 8

1. 7 The archaeological potential of historic sites : general considerations 9

1. 8 The archaeological potential of Cleveland House 9 and its associated grounds

1. 9 Factors which will have affected the survival of archaeological remains in Cleveland House and its associated grounds 10

1.10 Assessment of archaeological potential

1.11 Recommendations for the management of potential archaeological remains

Part 2

Appendix 1 : Site Chronology

Appendix 2 : Occupants of Cleveland House

~~rifag~

Ifiibrar\I Appendix 3 : Owners of Cleveland House, type of occupancy,

the area associated with the house and changes in its surroundings

Appendix 4 : Maps, illustrations, photographs and other material showing Cleveland House and its surroundings

Appendix 5 : Sources of information concerning the history and occupation of Cleveland House

Figures 1 - 33

1

10

11

12

20

22

25

28

Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

Fig. 14

Fig. 15

Surry Hills location guide showing the outline of the Surry Hills estate, major subdivisions in the area and significant historical features [ from Christopher Keating: Suny Hills: the city's backyard 1991, Hale & Iremonger p. 8 ]

Surry Hills by Surveyor Larmer July 1831 [ AONSW Map No. 5451]

'Sketch of the proposed new streets across the Cleveland Estate' 1847 [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 4 Fol. 220, Reel 2779]

Sydney Railway : sketch of the proposed terminus in the Cleveland Paddock c. 1850 [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 6 Fol. 87]

W. H. Wells 'City of Sydney including Pyrmont' 1850 [Council of the City of Sydney, Engineer's Department]

John Rae 'Turning the first turf of the first railway in the Australasian colonies at Redfern, Sydney NSW 3rd July 1850' [Mitchell Library­reproduced in Painted Panorama 1800-1870 , The Blaxland Gallery 1985]

Lord Henry Douglas Scott-Montagu 'Cleveland House', 1853 [Dixson Galleries - reproduced in S. Evans Historic Sydney as seen by its early artists , 1983, pl. 111]

Woolcott & Clark's Map of the City of Sydney 1854 [ M. Kelly & R. Croaker Sydney tak:es Shape ... 19781

Plan of the proposed alignment and continuation of Castlereagh Street South 1854 [AONSW Map No. 5565]

Proposed subdivision of the Cleveland Estate which did not eventuate, drawn by H. Hoghton c. 1855 [Mitchell Library Subdivision Plans, Surry Hills Box 2]

Advertisement for the sale of Cleveland House and the Cleveland Estate subdivision [Sydney Momin~ Herald 1 October 1855 p7d]

Subdivision of the Cleveland Estate by Reuss and Brown, as offered for sale in 1855 [LTO FP 939724]

Trigonometric Survey of Sydney SectionS 1, 1865 [Water Board­Historical Research Unit ]

Hunt & Stevens Map of Sydney 1868 [AONSW Map No. 389]

Prince Alfred Park - Intercolonial Exhibition 1870 with Cleveland House in the background [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File, Sydney - Exhibitions]

2

I I Fig. 16 Detail of Fig. 15 showing Cleveland House and outbuildings (cordial

factory?)

I Fig. 17 Prince Alfred Park - Exhibition Building showing Cleveland House in the background c. 1870s [?] [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File,

I Sydney - Public Buildings - Exhibition Building]

Fig. 18 Public Works Department Detail Sheets of Sydney S 1544 Series Sheet K2, 1885 [Water Board- Historical Research Unit]

I Fig. 19 Montague Levey's Estate : subdivision of the former Lots 7, 8 & 12 of the 1855 subdivision of the Cleveland Estate in 1886 [Land Tides Office

I Litho 1889, FP 976489]

Fig. 20 Montague Levey's Estate: subdivision for sale in 1886 with function of buildings identified [as per Mitchell Library, Subdivision Plans, Surry

I Hills Box 2]

Fig. 21 Advertisement for sale of part of Montague Levey's estate, formerly

I Lots &, 8 & 12 of the original1855 subdivision including Cleveland House [Sydney Mornin~ Herald 10 February 1886 p14a]

I Fig. 22 Metropolitan Detail Sheets Sydney Section K2, 1887 [Mitchell Library

Maps M Ser 4 I 811.17 I 1]

Fig. 23 Cleveland House as the Government Labor Bureau c. 1897-1902

I (1Qymru Qfth~ RQyal Au~tralian Hi~toric;Y Soci~~ Vol. 16 (1930) p270, photograph by Mrs A.G.Foster]

I Fig. 24 Views of the Good Samaritan Refuge including the garden 1938

fCathQlic Freeman's JQumal 6 January 1938]

I Fig. 25 Photographs of the Good Samaritan convent and Refuge taken before it

was handed over to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, including view of the garden on the west side of the house and right of way from

I Pembroke Street 1946-1947 [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives,

II Toxteth House, Glebe]

.. Fig. 26 View of the garden looking south-east to the back of the Buckingham ..

I Street building c. 1940s [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe]

I I Fig. 27 Plan of Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 & 9 of Montague Levey's subdivision prepared in 1951 when the property was brought under Torrens Tide in 1951, showing the buildings on the site [Land Tides Office DP 88021]

I Fig. 28 Detailed Survey of Sydney, City Building Surveyor's Department, 1964 [Council of the City of Sydney, Engineer's Department]

I Fig. 29 Plan showing buildings on the site as occupied by the NSW Society for Crippled Children c. 1966 - 1970s [NSW Society for Crippled Children

I files]

Fig. 30 Site plan showing building outlines as existing in 1988 and boundary of area covered by Permanent Conservation Order [ Schwager I Brooks I

I James and Partners Pty Ltd., 1988 ]

I 3

Fig. 31

Fig. 32

Fig. 33

Subdivision of Montague Levey's subdivision and adjacent areas in 1989 [Land Titles Office DP 788696]

Sewerage Service Diagram No. 193556 [as supplied in November 1991] showing services installed on the site

Areas with potential for the survival of below ground archaeological remains NOT TO SCALE

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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

1.1 Introduction

This report has been prepared to accompany a Development Application by Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd for a part of the site bounded by Bedford, Buckingham, Pembroke and Chalmers streets once part of the grounds of Cleveland House. Part 1 of this Report contains a brief resume of the history and development of the house and its associated grounds, an assessment of the archaeological potential of the ·site and recommendations for the management of potential archaeological remains. Part 2 of this Report contains the detailed historical information on which this assessment is based, presented in the form of appendices. The chronology of the site is detailed in Appendix 1; occupants of the house are listed in Appendix 2; owners of the site with details of the area occupied are summarised in Appendix 3; illustrations of the site are listed in Appendix 4 and sources of historical information about the site in Appendix 5. This Report considers the history of the site since 1788 and does not include a consideration of aboriginal archaeology and history.

1. 2 Site Location

Cleveland House is situated on part of Section 408 of the Parish of Alexandria which comprised 10 acres of land originally granted to Charles Smith in 1809 to be known as 'Cleaveland Gardens'(Fig. 2). From the date of the original grant until the subdivision of the Cleveland Estate in 1855 the only roads giving access to the boundaries of the property were Elizabeth Street South and Devonshire Street and the address of the house was sometimes given as Elizabeth Street. Upper Castlereagh Street (or Castlereagh Street South), later re-named Chalmers Street, was aligned and extended along the western boundary of the grant in 1854 (Fig. 9) and with subdivision in 1855 the house and its immediate outbuildings were delimited by Bedford, Buckingham, Belvoir and Upper Castlereagh streets. From 1855 the house was frequently listed in street directories under both Bedford Street and Buckingham Street but with ·greater activity on the Buckingham Street side of the property from about the 1870s, when a cordial factory was in operation there, the Buckingham Street address was more commonly used. This usage continued into the 20th century when Cleveland House was used by the Sisters of the Order of the Good Samaritan in association with the Good Samaritan Refuge which was constructed along the Buckingham Street frontage of the property.

Historically the house is within the boundaries of the City of Sydney, the southern extent of which was Cleveland Street, but as a result of recent local government boundary changes the property now comes within the aegis of South Sydney City Council.

1. 3 Heritage listing

Cleveland House and the area of ground immediately to the west of the house at the corner of Bedford Street and Chalmers Street are the subject of Heritage Council Permanent Conservation Order No. 65 gazetted on 29 March 1985. The house is listed in the Register of the National Estate.

1. 4 History of the house and its surroundings

Cleveland House was built in about 1823-1824 for the merchant Daniel Cooper on land which had been originally granted to Charles Smith in 1809 and which Smith had occupied as a market garden or nursery. Cooper expended 4,000 pounds on the construction of his 'house and premises'. The architect may have been Francis Greenway. At the time of its construction, and for many years afterwards, the house was at the furthest extent of the town even beyond the Burial Ground, which by

5

tradition was situated at the limit of settlement. Cooper and his family probably moved in to the house early in 1825 but it remained a family home for only a short time. In 1829 Cooper and his wife separated and the house was let to provide an independent source of income for Mrs Cooper who was given the use of the Cooper residence in Park Street for her own accommodation.

From 1829 until 1855 the whole of the ten acre property was retained around Cleveland House which was let mainly to families for residential purposes but which also served in the 1830s as a school. For much of this period the surrounding area had the nature of a scattered village and the house enjoyed fine views to Cockle Bay (Darling Harbour) and to the city. The climate of the area was also thought to be healthful, enjoying pleasant breezes. From about 1850 however, the character of the area changed substantially. The choice of Redfern as the tenninus for the railway brought the intrusion of a large-scale industrial enterprise into the area (and in to view of Cleveland House) and with the subdivision of many gentleman's estates the surrounding suburb of Surry Hills was built out (Fig. 1 ).

The Cleveland Estate was subdivided in 1855 (Figs. 10- 12). In this subdivision the area bounded by Devonshire Street on the north, Cleveland Street on the south, Elizabeth Street on the east and Upper Castlereagh Street on the west was divided into eight sections. Cleveland House and its outbuildings were isolated on Section 3, bounded by Bedford Street on the north, Belvoir Street on the south, Buckingham Street on the east and Upper Castlereagh Street on the west. The house and its outbuildings were purchased together as a single property (Lots 7, 8 & 12 of Section 3) but with the loss of part of the outer walled courtyard of the original house including a well which was in Lot 6. Rear lane access to Cleveland House was available from Buckingham Street and also from Belvoir Street. The changing character of the neighbourhood in the second half of the 19th century is reflected in the tenancies at Cleveland House. Private residential use continued only until about 1858 after which the premises had much more varied tenants. Uses included a school, a laundry, a boarding house, gentlemen's apartments and a Government labor bureau.

From about the mid-1870s the area occupied by the outbuildings of Cleveland House was used separately from the house itself as a cordial factory. It is probable that Barrett's cordial factory included some new building and the utilisation of existing structures in the yard behind the house. The function of these buildings is indicated in the 1886 plan (Fig. 20). A comparison of the 1865 and 1885 surveys of the property indicates that the range of buildings projecting from the back of the west wing of the house had been enlarged between these dates (Figs. 13 & 18). A substantial building is visible on the site in the 1870 photograph of Prince Alfred Park (Figs. 15 - 17). This part of the Cleveland House property continued to be used as a cordial I aerated water manufacturers until it was sold to Messrs Peach and Jones, bottle merchants in 1896.

In contrast to the rest of the Cleveland Estate subdivision, lots in Section 3 do not appear to have been at all popular and sold only slowly . Although the subdivision first went on sale in 1855 it was not until the mid-1870s that three allotments were sold on the Upper Castlereagh Street frontage and small houses constructed. In the rest of the section only that part on the comer of Belvoir Street and Buckingham Street was taken up.

A similar lack of interest in the area was apparent when a subdivision of the area to the west of Cleveland House with a frontage to Upper Castlereagh Street was offered for sale in 1886 (Figs. 19 & 21 ). Only two of these allotments were sold, one in the later 1880s and the other in 1900.

In 1903 the Order of the Good Samaritan purchased Cleveland House and its associated grounds on the west side of the house, as well as the premises of Messrs Peach and

6

Jones, thus re-uniting the area purchased as a unit in the 1855 sutxlivision of the property, with the exception of the two allotments (Lots 6 and 7) on Upper Castlereagh Street which had been sold separately. The premises occupied previously by the Order of the Good Samaritan in Pitt Street had been resumed for the purposes of building Central Railway and with part of the funds from this resumption the Order purchased Cleveland House to establish a receiving place in the city for its Refuge. A large four­.storey building to house the Refuge and a commercial laundry was constructed on Buckingham Street and opened in 1904 (Figs. 24- 26). Cleveland House was used as a convent for members of the Order. Due to fmancial problems in the late-1920s the Refuge changed its function and became a home for aged and infirm women.

The property was sold in 1946 by the Order of the Good Samaritan to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary who continued the same type of ministry as that which had been carried out by their predecessors. During the early 20th century the surrounding area lost much of its residential base and working class housing was replaced in many places by manufacturing industries. A change in Council policy saw a shift back to housing as a priority for the area in the later 1930s. Post-war migrants contributed substantially to the resident population.

In 1958 Cleveland House was purchased by the New South Wales Society for Crippled Children. The Buckingham Street building was used as a hospital, clinic and for administration and Cleveland House was also used for administrative purposes. Additional small scale buildings were constructed on the site and the former garden of the convent to the west of the house was filled in to provide an accessible lawn area for patients (Fig. 29). This was later altered for parking. The Society sold the property in 1988. All of the buildings previously on the site with the exception of Cleveland House have now been demolished (Figs. 27 & 30) and the site has been further subdivided (Fig. 31 ).

1. 5 The house and its associated outbuildings and grounds

Cleveland House as originally built in c.1823-1824 consisted of a gentleman's residence with associated outbuildings and offices with ten acres of ground, some at least of which had been cultivated previously by Charles Smith. The nature and extent of the outbuildings in close proximity to the house is comparatively well documented, particularly from the 1840s onwards. The house features prominently in maps and plans drawn in 1847 (Fig. 3), 1850 (Figs. 4 & 5) and 1854 (Fig. 8) and the sale advertisement of 1855 enumerates the parts of the buildings shown in outline in the 1855 subdivision plan (Figs. 11 & 12). Later detailed surveys and maps in 1865 (Fig. 13), 1868 (Fig. 14), 1885 (Fig. 18) and 1887 (Fig. 22) provide additional information for these stages of development of the property. The south side of the house is clearly visible in John Rae's picture of the ceremony associated with turning the first turf for the construction of the railway in 1850 (Fig. 6 & cover detail) and the front of the house was the subject of a watercolour by Lord Henry Douglas Scott-Montagu when he and his companion the Reverend Henry Stobart stayed with the Walshes and the Naylors in 1853 (Fig. 7). The west side of the house can be seen in a photograph of Prince Alfred Park taken in 1870 and in a somewhat later picture of the same view (Fig. 15- 17).

Little however is known of the layout and function of various parts of the extensive area associated with Cleveland House from 1824 until 1855 or of the much smaller area remaining immediately around the house after that date. In 1829 the house was advertised for lease 'with ten acres of grounds, including gardens etc.' but no further description is available. The main features of the grounds surrounding the house, as shown in various maps and plans, are the long entrance road running from Elizabeth Street to the front of the house and then out to Devonshire Street and the enclosure of parts of the property with fences or walls. Rae's painting appears to show a substantial wall of some height around the house and outbuildings. This is confirmed by the

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subdivision plan on which enclosure walls are shown both around the house and outbuildings and, in part, along the lines of Elizabeth Street South and Upper Castlereagh Street (Fig. 12). The 1855 sale advertisement for the property refers to the inner courtyard behind the house, formed on two sides by the outbuildings and to an outer courtyard which contained a pigeon and fowl house (probably the round building shown in the plan). High brick walls are also visible in the 1870 photograph of the house and also in the photograph taken at the turn of the century when the house was in use as a Government Labor Bureau with a lower fence or wall immediately in front of the house (Fig. 23). Unfortunately the wall blocks the view of the area within and nothing is known of its treatment at this period. Parts of this boundary wall survived at the back of the house until at least 1886 when they are shown on the subdivision plan (Fig. 19) and parts were probably still in place in 1951 along Pembroke Street and within the back entrance road to the premises (Fig. 27).

Close to the front of the house Lord Henry Scott-Montagu's painting of 1853 shows a picket fence and some trees, the most prominent of which is a Norfolk Island pine which is clearly visible in Rae's painting. Other than this tree the whole area seems notably devoid of vegetation in Rae's painting These trees seem to have disappeared by 1870.

Photographs taken in the 1930s and 1940s when the house was used as a convent and the 1904 Buckingham Street building housed the Good Samaritan Refuge provide useful information for the treatment of the grounds at this time (Fig. 24 - 26). These photographs also emphasise a feature of the site which is not so apparent today, namely the considerable difference in level between the east and west sides of the block. Cleveland House and its outbuildings appear to have been built on a prominent 'plateau' with sloping ground immediately to the west This is evident in the photographs of the convent garden, in the north-west comer of the grounds at the corner of Bedford Street and Chalmers Street. The difference in the level of this area and the house and Refuge above is quite considerable. This factor may explain the location and particular configuration of the outbuildings of Oeveland House and may also be the reason why the blocks of land on the west side of the house proved so unattractive to purchasers. When Cleveland House was used as a convent and most of its outbuildings and the cordial factory had been demolished the flat area which these structures had occupied was used as part of the access road to the back of the house and a rubble wall was built along the edge of the area (Fig. 25). Trees and other vegetation visible in the grounds during this period may have been the result of the nuns' gardening skills rather than survivals from an earlier period.

The garden at the north-west comer of the grounds was cultivated by the Sisters of the Order of the Good Samaritan and this usage probably continued when the Missionaries of Mary were in residence. The available evidence suggests that this area was filled in soon after the NSW Society for Crippled Children moved to the site. The area was used first as a lawn and later as a car park.

Survey plans do not give any evidence of the construction of any buildings in the area immediately to the west of Cleveland House (Figs. 13, 18,22 & 28). There is some slight indication of a structure[?] in this area in the 1870 photograph (Fig. 15) and a single storey shed [?] can be seen to the west of the house on the Bedford Street frontage during the period when the house was used as a Labor Bureau (Fig. 23). The documentary evidence does not however suggest that any permanent structures have ever been erected in this area.

1. 6 Statement of Significance

Cleveland House is a rare survival of a gentleman's residence of the 1820s, built for the prominent emancipist merchant Daniel Cooper. The house is a fine example of a good quality residence of the period and may be the work of Francis Greenway. The grant

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on which Cleveland House was built may have been occupied from as early as 1810 and a residence may have been built on it at this period. The house has seen continuous use since its construction and changes in its usage and the modification of its surroundings have reflected the history of this area of Sydney. Cleveland House is thought to be the oldest surviving residence in Sydney. Other domestic buildings of a similar date include the Judge's House in Kent Street, built in the mid-1820s and the .Glover Cottages also in Kent Street, built in the late 1820s.

The significance of any archaeological remains associated with the house is commensurate with the significance of the surviving structure. The outbuildings, associated offices and grounds were an integral part of a domestic establishment of the period and the historical interpretation of the house is incomplete without them. Any archaeological evidence of these features is therefore as significant as the house itself.

1. 7 The archaeological potential of historic sites : general considerations

In general, archaeological remains might be expected to survive in two contexts on historical sites of this type :-

( 1) within the house; - in the form of evidence of the construction and usage of the building visible in the fabric of the place or uncovered during work to the fabric; - in the form of artifacts associated with the occupation of the house, found for example beneath floor boards, in areas which have been altered and covered in etc.

(2) outside the house; - as belo~ ground remains of former outbuildings, paths, gardens and

plantings, rubbish dumps, wells, cisterns, privies etc.

Factors which affect the potential survival of archaeological remains within a structure include;

- multiple changes of occupants and the lack of long term continuous use by one owner or occupier involving clearing out the house on many occasions; - varied types of usage (family residential I institutional ) and consequent changes to the fabric of the building for these uses.

Factors which affect the potential survival of below ground archaeological remains include;

- alterations and additions to the outbuildings and grounds; - the removal of buildings and other structures; - the construction of new buildings; -re-landscaping or site clearance; - the installation of services

1. 8 The archaeological potential of Cleveland House and its grounds

Little is known of Charles Smith's occupation of his ten acre grant, but there is some indication in the available documentation that he resided on his land between 1810 and his death in 1818. The location of his residence is not known but if the site chosen for Cleveland House was the most eligible location on the grant, then there is some possibility that it could have been occupied by Smith before Cleveland House was built The potential survival of below ground archaeological remains of a structure of this period is slight, given the subsequent extensive use of the site, but should not be discounted completely.

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Archaeological remains relating to the construction and occupation of Oeveland House might be expected : 1) within the house itself; 2) in those parts of the grounds known to have been occupied by outbuildings; 3) in yards and courtyards etc. used in association with the outbuildings; 4) in wells, privies and the sites of rubbish dumps, the locations of which may not be .documented.

The locations of the outbuildings of the house and their associated work areas are well documented in maps and survey plans for various phases of occupation. Two wells are shown on the subdivision plan of 1855, one on Lot 6 of Section 3 and another in the road in Buckingham Street close to its intersection with Devonshire Street

1. 9 Factors which will have affected the survival of archaeological remains in Cleveland House and its associated grounds

The potential survival of archaeological remains within Cleveland House and in its associated grounds will have been affected by :

- multiple changes of occupancy and usage; - the adaptation of existing outbuildings for use in association with the cordial factory; - the possible demolition of existing structures for the cordial factory; - the construction of the four-storey building on Buckingham Street in 1904 and later additions to that building; - the demolition of the four-storey building on Buckingham Street and of later additions to that building; - alterations and additions to the back of the house; - the installation of services to the site including sewer connections (Fig. 32); - landscaping of the grounds, for example during use as a convent and Refuge; - filling in the former garden area to the west of the house for use as a lawn and later car park; - the installation of a petrol bowser and storage tank associated with the parking area; - the construction of the driveway immediately to the west of the house; - landscaping immediately in front of the house.

1.10 Assessment of archaeological potential

Although the house and grounds have been extensively used since the construction of Oeveland House in c. 1824 a consideration of the historical evidence suggests that the site has archaeological potential in four main areas:

1) within the building (Fig. 33 A);

2) in those parts of the grounds which are known to have been occupied by outbuildings and which have not been extensively disturbed by later construction and demolition (Fig. 33 B);

3) in Lot 6 where part of the well may survive beneath the foundations of more recent buildings (Fig. 33 C);

4) in those parts of the grounds which are known to have been used as yards etc. associated with the outbuildings and which have not been extensively disturbed by later construction and demolition (Fig. 33 D).

There is also some possibility of the survival of remains pre-dating the construction of the house but this potential resource cannot be assessed or localised due to a lack of documentary evidence.

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Areas A - D are shown in Fig. 33. This plan is not accurately scaled and should be used as a sketch plan only. Additional research may help to refine details of this plan in the event of archaeological study being undertaken, in particular the exact location of disturbance caused by the installation of services at the back of the house and the location of the petrol bowser and tank.

1.11 Recommendations for the management of potential archaeological remains

The following management strategies are recommended for the potential archaeological resource of this site:

1) in the event of any proposed alteration, addition or any other works to the fabric of, or within, Cleveland House (see Fig. 33 A) it is recommended that :

- an archaeologist be engaged to monitor these works, to record any archaeological remains uncovered in such works and if necessary to carry out an archaeological excavation of areas in which artifacts or other material are uncovered and that the archaeologist be engaged from the initial planning stage of such works to advise on the methods to be used to ensure the best protection of the archaeological resource;

- it is noted that as Cleveland House is the subject of a Permanent Conservation Order any works in the house will require the approval of the Heritage Council;

2) in the event of any proposed excavation, redevelopment or any other disturbance of those areas of the associated grounds of Cleveland House where the potential survival of archaeological remains is indicated (see Fig. 33 B) it is recommended that:

- an archaeologist be engaged and an application be made for an Excavation Permit in order that the site might be archaeologically excavated before any such works proceed;

3) in the event of any proposed works in the area of the well formerly associated with Cleveland House on Lot 6 (see Fig. 33 C) it is recommended that :

-an archaeologist be engaged and an application be made for an Excavation Permit to conduct a 'watching brief during any disturbance of this area, that such work be carried out in the manner recommended by the archaeologist for the protection of the potential remains of this feature and that if the well is discovered and would be destroyed by works planned for the site that it be archaeologically excavated before any other work on the site proceeds.

4) that in the event of any proposed excavation, redevelopment or any other disturbance of those areas of the associated grounds of Cleveland House in which some slight archaeological potential is indicated (see Fig. 33 D ) it is recommended that :

- an archaeologist be engaged and an application made for an Excavation Permit to carry out limited trial excavations to test the potential of the area before any such works proceed;

The research undertaken for this Report does not indicate that there have ever been any permanent structures in the area to the west of the house (now used as a car park) which is included in the Permanent Conservation Order on the property. This area is not therefore considered to have any archaeological potential. However, if it is thought desirable to re-establish the original contour of this part of the site, then any disturbance of the area should be monitored in order to record the original ground level beneath the present fill.

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Appendix 1 : Site Chronology

1809

·1810

1810

1814

1817

1817

1818

1818

1819

1819

1819

Grant to Charles Smith of 10 acres of land made by the Acting Governor, Lieutenant Colonel Paterson 1

Charles Smith petitions Governor Macquarie for the conf'mnation of his grant which was intended 'for cultivating as a kitchen garden for satisfying, in part, the Sydney market and which would have secured me a comfortable livelihood in the decline of life' 2

Grant of 10 acres of land to Charles Smith confirmed by Governor Macquarie, to be henceforth 'known by the name of Cleaveland Gardens' 3

C. Smith of Cleaveland Gardens advertises seeds and plants for sale including orange trees 4

Land mortgaged by Charles Smith to Thomas Clarkson for 92 pounds 5

Properties of Thomas Clarkson mortgaged to George Hall in March including his interest in Cleaveland Gardens described as 'upon 10 acres of land and the dwelling house and out offices situate at Cleveland Lodge near to Surry Hills' 6

Land vested in Clarkson as the result of a deed of foreclosure in the Supreme Court 7

Charles Smith 'late of Cleveland Gardens' died on 5 July aged 61 years and administration of his estate applied for by his widow. Frances 8

Land sold by Clarkson to Roben Lathrop Murray in April for 180 pounds9

Cleaveland's Gardens advertised for sale in August and described as 'all that very valuable estate situated near the turnpike at Sydney, enclosed by a substantial four railed fence, containing near 12 acres, more or less, commonly called Cleaveland Gardens' 10

Land sold by Murray to Daniel Cooper on 9 September for 180 pounds 11

1 LTO Crown Grant Register 40 p. 272 (No.2) 2 AONSW Charles Smith memorial re: land 411822 No. 297 January 1810 (Fiche 3009) 3 Crown Grant Ser. 5 p.l54 4 Sydney Gazette 26 March 1814 5 LTO Book 209 Register No.6 entry 21, registered 13 January 1817 6 LTO Book 225 Register No.6 entry 19, dated 18 March 1817 7 Notes by Michael Reymond quoted in Schwager I Brooks I James (1988) 8 Sydney Gazette 18 July 1818 9 Notes by Michael Reymond quoted in Schwager I Brooks I James (1988) 10 Sydney Gazette 14 & 21 August 1819 p2 11 Notes by Michael Reymond quoted in Schwager I Brooks I James (1988)

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'

1823 In August Francis Greenway advertises for tradesmen that the plans are now available for inspection for a house he is building for Mr D Cooper 12

1824 On 17 March 1824 Daniel Cooper wrote to the Colonial Secretary Frederick Goulburn as follows: 'Perhaps you have noticed the two storey house which I am building at the back of the asylum on the site of a sloping eminence known in the Colonial map by the name of Cleveland Gardings There is a road to Sydney from the above house by way of the new burying ground but I am desirous to possess a road which will lead direct to the Parramatta Road by a branch out of the Botany bay road I should therefore feel much obliged if you would inform me whether I could by memorial to His Excellency the Governor procure a gift of as much of the Crown land wich [sic] is between my new house and the Botany bay road as put me in possession of my desire, or whether His Excellency would dispose of such a portion of the Crown Land for a price to be fixt upon as would answer my said purpose' 13

1824 On 23 June Cooper wrote to the Surveyor General that: 'On consideration I think it necessary to apprise you as soon as possable [sic] that I feel compelled to relinquish the idea of Rentin~ any land from the Crown for the purpose of procuring a road wich is my main object Were I to rent land at the end of the lease i loose my road and the improvements - this deters me from accepting the offer you were so kind as to make to me this day. I shall take the liberty of waiting on you early when I can further explain' 14

1824 On 24 December Cooper wrote to the Surveyor General asking that a letter (which he enclosed) be put before the Governor. He was, he wrote, 'fully aware of the multiplicity of applications similar but in consequence of my having lately imbarked on a mercantile speculation which will render an immediate removal of my family to my new house necessary, I feel an anxious wish to obtain an answer to the inclosed'15

1825 On 10 March the Surveyor General replied to Cooper concerning his request to purchase a portion of ground adjoining his residence by the new burial ground and enclosing a copy of a letter from Major Ovens on the subject. 16 In response to this communication Cooper replied that he agreed to purchase from the Crown 'the piece of ground sketched off as my map, as inspected by you and now in your possession at the rate of ten pounds sterling per acre. Mr Harper [describes?] the road next to the new burying ground wall and which will occupy thirty three feet in width 17

12 Sydney Gazette 14 August 1823 p4 13 AONSW Surveyor General's correspondence from private individuals and officials 'C' 1820-1828 2/1644 14 AONSW Surveyor General's correspondence 2/1644 15 AONSW Surveyor General's correspondence 2/1644 16 AONSW Surveyor General Copies of letters sent 4/6906 ( a copy of Major Ovens letter is not included with the copy of the Surveyor General's letter) 17 AONSW Surveyor General correspondence 2/1644

13

I I I I I

II

I il I I I I I I I I I I I I

1825

1829

1830

1831

1832

1836

1840

In a letter to the Governor of 2 May 1825 Daniel Cooper states that he has expended the sum of 4,000 pounds on a house and premises in the environs of Sydney 18

Daniel Cooper and his wife Hannah separated. By a legal deed of separation certain property was vested in two trustees, John Dickson and William Hutchinson, 'in trust for securing unto the said Hannah Cooper the payment of three hundred pounds a year during her life - and five hundred pounds sterling after her decease'. The property held in trust for this purpose included 'all that capital messuage or tenement with the coach house stables outbuildings yards gardens piece or parcel of land and appurtenances thereto ... containing .. ten acres of land more or less .. which said messuage and premises are known by the name of Cliveland'. Hannah Cooper was given the use of premises in Park Street, 20 horned cattle, 250 sheep and also the household goods and furniture and other effects of which an inventory was provided. 19 The Cleveland House property had already been advertised to let in July and was described as 'with ten acres of land, including gardens etc. on lease of 5 years, in which the lessee will be bound to keep the premises in perfect condition'. 20 The Cleveland House property was let to provide Mrs Cooper with the income promised to her in the deed of settlement

In May 1830 Governor Darling granted 6a 1r 2p of land adjoining Cleveland House and the burial ground to Daniel Cooper 21

Daniel Cooper returned to England and did not return to Australia 22

Sir Thomas Mitchell refers to the 'woody hill' above Cleveland House as an impediment to tlie extension of the streets of Sydney southward 23

Hannah Cooper died on 8 June 1836 and in her will asked Daniel Cooper to pay the 500 pounds payable at her death (as per the deed of separation) to Thomas Torkington. When this condition had been fulfilled the powers of the trustees for the settlement deed were surrendered. This was finalised in 1840. 24

Cleveland House to be roofed with slates consigned to Messrs Cooper & Holt 25

1847 Daniel Cooper (who was living in England) vested his Cleveland House estate in James Cooper as trustee with powers to manage the property 26

1848 John Tooth was resident at Cleaveland House in March 1848 when he was declared bankrupt The inventory of his furniture was listed by room on 8 March 1848. In this list the following rooms are mentioned:

18 AONSW Col Sec correspondence4 I 1841A (Fiche 3125) p.159 19 L'IO Book C No. 379 dated 24-24 August 1829 20 The Australian 17 July 1829 p2a 21 LTOrecited in deed Book 14 No. 41 22 Australian Dictionary of Biomphy Vol. 1 23 ML MSS A333 p2 24 L 10 Book 26 No. 506 dated 15 August 1840 25 The Australian 21 March 1840 p2 26 LTO Book 14 No. 41 dated 24 May 1847

14

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

1853

1854

c.1855

1855

--~ --- ---~ --- ---~---~ -----------------------------------

No. 1 parlour, hall; No. 2 parlour; dining room; boys bed room; No. 1 bed room; work room; No. 2 bed room; No. 3 bed room; No. 4 bed room; children's room; loby up stairs; celler; store room; laundry; kitchen; yard; at the lodge; old stable; office; stable; hay room. 27

James Cooper sold the Cleveland House property to Robert Archibald Morehead and John Walker, as joint tenants, for the sum of 20,000 pounds. This sale included the whole of the ten acres originally granted to Charles Smith and a part of the 6a 1r 2p granted to Daniel Cooper in 1830. The total amount of land included in the sale was about 13 acres and comprised the area bounded by Devonshire Street on the north, Elizabeth Street on the east, Cleveland Street on the south and the Government Paddock on the west. Daniel Cooper had remarried as is indicated by his wife Ellen surrendering her right to dower on this property 28 He died in November 1853 29

The proposed alignment and continuation of Castlereagh Street South was described and gazetted in 1854 thus providing road boundaries on all sides of the Cleveland Estate 30 The line of the new road coincided approximately with the former fence or wall line on the west side of Cleveland House

Subdivision plans prepared for the Cleveland Estate 31

Cleveland House and the subdivisions of the Cleveland Estate were auctioned by Mort and Co. on 1 October 1855. The sale notice for the property describes the house in some detail including: - on the ground floor - the entrance hall, drawing room, dining-room, breakfast parlour, library and office (with dimensions); -on the first floor- the landing and six bedrooms (with dimensions) served by two staircases, one from the front entrance hall and one for the use of domestics; - in the basement - four large cellars; -the servants' offices- kitchen, pantry, scullery, servants' room and dairy; -out-offices- six-stall stable, harness room, large open shed, weatherboard buildings, coach house, hay and com store with loft over, coachman's residence, a range of stone buildings and a bakehouse, these out-offices facing into and forming two sides of a large courtyard at the rear of the house; - outer yard with a large pigeon and fowl house, a round building of brick. 32

Cleveland House and its outbuildings occupied Lot 12 of Section 3 of the Cleveland House subdivision. Bedford Street and Buckingham Street were drawn almost touching the comers of the original house which was not at right angles to the new lots.

27 AONSW Bankruptcy papers for John Tooth 2 I 8816 File No. 1743 28 LTO Book 26 No. 853 dated 4 June 1853 29 Australian Dictioruuy of Biom.pby Vol. 1 30 AONSW Map No. 5565 of 1854 31 Two plans are known the LTO FP 939725 representing the subdivisions as sold in 1855 and a Mitchell Library Subdivision Plan (Subdivision Boxes Surry Hills Box 2). The significant difference between these plans is the treattnent of the subdivision of the area immediately to the south and west of the house and its outbuildings. 32 Sydney Mtxnini Herald 1 October 1855 p7d

15

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

---- --- --- ---- --- -- --- --

1855 In November Lots 7, 8 and 12 of Section 3 of the subdivision were conveyed to Isaac Levey for the sum of 4,700 pounds.33 This area included the house and outbuildings on Lot 12 and the two allotments immediately to the west of the house, Lots 7 & 8.

1860 On death of Isaac Levey the property passed to his son Montague

1884 On death of Montague Levey passed to his trustees

1886 A subdivision of Lots 7, 8 & 12 of the original Cleveland Estate was planned and was put up for auction on 10 February 1886 by Hardie & Gorman. In this plan the area to the west of Cleveland House was subdivided into seven lots each with a 20 feet frontage to Upper Castlereagh Street (now Chalmers Street) with the exception of the comer lot which had a frontage of 30 feet The area comprising the house and its associated outbuildings was divided into two lots, Lots 8 & 9. 34 Lot 8 comprised the house described as 'a large two-storied residence built of brick on stone foundations, slated roof, containing 10 large and lofty rooms, besides outhouses with an 87 feet frontage to Buckingham Street Lot 9 included the factory, office and sheds occupied and used by Messrs. Barrett and Co. as a cordial factory with a 139 feet frontage to Buckingham Street. 35 Only two of the allotments of this subdivision were ever sold and these several years after the subdivision was drawn up. Lot 7 was sold to James Kay and Lot 6 to Thomas Hough Jones in March 1900. 36

1896-1900 Sale to Robert Peach and Thomas Hough Jones of property for their bottle exchange, 55 Buckingham Street 37

1898 "Cleveland House and factory" and numerous other properties of the· Levey estate mortgaged to National Mutual Life 38

1902 In November 1902 the Cleveland House property was valued by Leonard Dew on behalf of the Order of the Good Samaritan with a view to purchase and was described as : 'family residence, very old, iron roof with verandah on two sides and at front also at the rear, much out of repair, house contains entrance hall, drawing, dining, sitting room, breakfast room, kitchen, laundry etc. on ground floor and eight bedrooms on first floor; basement divided into three compartments, has brick floor, access is obtained from back hall by winding stone staircase; on south side are wood sheds and other outbuildings' 39

1903-1904 Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 & 9 of the 1885 subdivision were purchased by the Sisters of the Good Samaritan of the Order of St Benedict through Leonard Dew, including the house and its outbuildings. 40 This included the land held by Levey's trustees which was sold for 3,650

33 LTO Book 40 No. 665 34 LTO FP 976489 and Mitchell Library Subdivision Plans Surry Hills Box 2 35 Sydney Momin~ Herald 10 February 1886 pl4a 36 LTO Book 659 No. 938 conveyance dated 2 March 1900 37 L TO Book 585 No. 863 & Book 659 No. 939 38 L 10 Book 631 No. 620 mortgage dated 14 October 1898 39 Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe 40 LTO Book 740 No. 844 & Book 735 No. 580

16

I I I I

-

I I

c. 1927

1946

1957 [?]

1958

1959

1959

pounds and also that part purchased previously by Jones and Peach which was purchased for 2,000 pounds. The property was to be used as a convent and city refuge for the reclamation of fallen and outcast women. Some alterations and repairs were made to Cleveland House for its use as a convent and a large new building was erected with a frontage to Buckingham Street for use as the refuge. Some of the works in and around the house included 'altering stable & fence; extra to old verandah floor; altering fence and door in to convent; repairs to windows, fittings, floor joists, locks etc.; lattice work to balconies and old verandah, painting; also taking down old building, building rubble wall, erecting dividing fence, new double gates etc.'41 The new four storey building in Buckingham Street was designed by the architect John Barlow and was constructed in 23 weeks by the firm of Baxter & Boyne, contractors. This building which was 'severely plain' for reasons of economy had a large laundry on the ground floor to provide employment for occupants of the Refuge and an income for the Order, dining and recreation rooms on the first floor and other facilities and dormitory accommodation on the upper two floors for 140 inmates and 4 rooms for the Sisters in charge. The Refuge was officially opened by Cardinal Moran on 20 March 1904. 42 The Refuge was known as the Good Samaritan Refuge and the laundry as the Mt Magdala Laundry

The Order of the Good Samaritan considered the sale of the Buckingham Street property for fmancial reasons but this did not proceed. The Order continued to run the Buckingham Street building as a home for aged and infirm women. 43

Property sold by the Sisters of the Good Samaritan to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary 44 who continued to use the house as a convent and the Buckingham Street building as· a home for aged and infirm women 45

Property brought under the Real Property Act in the name of the Trustees of the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary 46

Property sold to the New South Wales Society for Crippled Children 47

NSW Society for Crippled Children transferred to new premises in Buckingham Street in September. Buckingham Street building used as central hospital and clinic and Cleveland House used as offices for Hability Industries

Alterations to building 48 probably carried out in 1960-1961

41 Good Samaritan Generalate Archives quoted in Clack & Nettleton (1983) 42 Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Annals 1857-1938 p170ff & Freeman's JournaJ 26 March 1904 43 Catholic Freeman's Journal 6 January 1938 44 LTO Book 2001 No.7 conveyance dated 16 September 1946 45 Catbolic Weekly 27 March 194 7 46 LTO cr Vol. 7232 Fol. 109, DP 88021 47 LTO cr Vol. 7232 Fol. 109 48 South Sydney Council Plan Custodian

17

'I II I I

I I I I I I I. I. I I I I I I I I I

1960 NSW Society for Crippled Children's Strathallan Orthopaedic Hospital transferred from Turramurra to Buckingham Street headquarters in August 49

1960-1961 Alterations etc. by John A.V.Nisbet, architect, including restoration of Oeveland House. Some of the larger rooms subdivided and new balustrade designed for the verandah as 'nothing remained of the original' 50 Area to the west of the house probably filled in at this time to provide a level lawn area for use by the hospital 51 Works at No. 156 Chalmers Street for use as domestic quarters for accommodation of staff 52

1962 Oeveland House included on Register of Historic Buildings by Cumberland County Council 53

1963 Alterations 54 including construction of new schoolroom on west side of Buckingham Street block, to south of Cleveland House 55

1964 Alterations including partitions, toilets etc. 56

1965 Nursery group added to the school 57

1966 Alterations (2) at the Buckingham Street property 58 Former resident staff quarters at No. 156 Chalmers Street vacated to build a 3 storey workshop 59 Area at corner of Chalmers Street and Bedford Street still a lawn 60

1971 Cleaveland Hospital closed in August and children placed in other hospitals or schools 61

1972-1973 Plans for the redevelopment of the site for the NSW Society for Crippled Children prepared by Stephenson & Turner architects 62

1975 Alterations 63

49 NSW Society for Crippled Children files re: Cleveland House 50 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 51 NSW Society for Crippled Children, Cleaveland Hospital photograph album 1960-1963 52 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 53 Daily TeleiWJPh 31 October 1962 54 South Sydney Council Plan Custodian 55 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 56 South Sydney Council Plan Custodian 57 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 58 South Sydney Council Plan Custodian 59 ML MSS 1399 I 1 Dept. of Education - Census of historical structures in NSW. Item 15 Cleaveland House by Cleveland Street Boys' High School [1966] and South Sydney Council Plan Custodian 60 ML MSS 1399 I 1 Item 15 [1966] 61 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 62 NSW Society for Crippled Children files 63 South Sydney Council Plan Custodian

18

1985

1988

Permanent Conservation Order gazetted for Cleveland House and area of land to the west with frontage to Chalmers Stteet and Bedford Street 64

Transfer of property to Denerin Pty Ltd in November 1988 65

64 NSW Goyemmept Gazette No. 63 of 29 March 1985 PCO No. 65, Heritage Council Plan 259 6S LTO CT Vol. 7232 Fol. 109

19

~-- --,1 l

I

Appendix 2 : Occupants of Cleveland House This listing does not represent a comprehensive search of all available street directories for the 19th century bw is produced only as an indication of the types of tenants in the house.

nate Occupant Reference

Dec. 1824 - 1829 Daniel & Hannah Cooper Sydney Gazette & The Australian (various)

1832 H. Weller NSW Calendar & PO Directory

1833 Joseph Weller & Joseph B. NSW Calendar & PO Directory Weller

1834 George B. Weller Australian Almanack & Sydney Directory

1834- 1841 Mr & Mrs De Metz JRAHS Vol. 2 Pt. 4 (1906-7) p.85

pre-1842 L. Speyer SMH 10 Jany 1842 supp. p.2

1848 John Tooth AONSW Bankruptcy papers for J. Tooth 2 I 8816

1850 Michael Woolley 'Old Sydney by J. M. Forde No. 626 ( 9 Nov. 1919)

1853-1855 Rev W. H. Walsh & family ML A3295 Papers of the Rev Henry and the Naylor family Stobart, Sydney Sept-Oct 1853 &

Waugh & Cox's Sydney Directory

1857 Rev Wilham Lumsdain PO Directory

1858-9 James Kean, schoolmaster Sydney Directory 1858-9

1864 Cleveland House School Sands Directory

1865 James Kain, Cleveland Sands Directory House school

1866-1867 James Kam, Cleveland Sands Directory & 'Old Sydney' House School by J.M.Forde No. 626 (9 Nov.

1919)

1870 Vacant Sands Directory

1871 Henry Snell, steam laundry ditto

1873 Wm. Hanson, mmmg agent ditto & steam laundry

1877 C. J. Fache ditto 1884 Emerson's boarding house

1885 Not listed ditto

20

!

US89 Holtermann's Clubhouse ditto

[] Joseph F. Palmer Michael Reymond notes m Schwager I Brooks I James (1988)

1893 Alexander Robb & Mrs Sands Directory Robb, boarding house

1895 Not listed ditto

1896 Not listed ditto

1897 Govt. Labor Bureau & Dept ditto of Industry

1898 ditto ditto 1899 ditto ditto 1900 ditto ditto 1901 ditto ditto 1902 ditto ditto 1903 Labor Comrrussioner' s ditto

Office (Dept of Public Works)

1903- 1946 Order of the Good Good Samaritan Generalate Samaritan and The Good Archives Samaritan Refuge & St Magdalen's Laundry

1946- 1958 The Franciscan Missionaries ditto & ~.atholic ~V~kh· 27 I 3 I of Mary and the Good 1947 Samaritan Home for aged ladies

1958- 1988 NSW Soctety for Crippled LTO Cf Vol. 7232 Fol. 109 Children

21

Appendix 3 : Owners of Cleveland House, type of occupancy and changes in the surrounding area

Date Owner Type of occupancy Area associated w1th the house & changes in surroundings

USU9- 1817 Charles Smith Kitchen garden I nursery 10 acres

1817- usus Mort gag to Thomas Kitchen garden I nursery 10 acres Clarkson then to George Hall

1818- 1819 Thomas Clarkson Not known 10 acres

1819 Robert Lathrop Murray Not known 10 acres

1819- 1829 Damel Cooper c.1823-1824 house 10 acres under construction From c. 1825 family residence of the Coopers

1829- 1840 John Dickson & William 1829 - 1834 residential 10 acres with an Hutchinson in trust for use (tenants) additional 6a 1r 2p Hannah Cooper 1834 - 1841 house used adjoining, acquired by

as a school Daniel Cooper in 1830

1840- 1847 Daniel Cooper Residential use (tenants) 16a 1r 2p & school

1847- 1853 James Cooper as trustee Res1dennal use (tenants) Part ~f the 6a 1r 2p for Daniel Cooper ( acquired in 1830 resident in England) disposed of during this

period

1853- 1855 Robert Archibald Residennal use (tenants) 13 acres compnsmg the Morehead & John area bounded by Walker Devonshire, Elizabeth &

Cleveland streets and the Government paddocks

1854 Alignment& continuation of Castlereagh Street South known as Upper Castlereagh Street gazetted

---·---

22

!

I

1855 S ubdivtsion of the Cleveland Estate bounded by Devonshire,

1

Elizabeth, Cleveland & Upper Castlereagh streets put up for sale. No new buildings appear to have been erected in the block immediately around the house bounded by Bedford, Buckingham, Belvoir and Upper Castlereagh streets until the mid-1870s

1855- 1860 Isaac Levey Restdential use (tenants) Lots 7, 8 & 12 of & from c. 1858-9 use as Section 3 of the a school Cleveland Estate

subdivision (1855 sale) j

1860- 1884 Montague Levey c. 1858/9-1867 school; c. mid-1870s three i c. 1871-1873 steam houses (including laundry & c. 1884 "Ravenswood") erected boarding house on Section 3 on Upper

Castlereagh Street., to the south of the Cleveland House property. c. mid-1870s cordial manufacturer's premises within the Cleveland House property (probably utilising some of the original outbuildings of the house)

1884- 1886 Trustees of Montague boarding house Levey's estate

1886 Subdivision of Montague Levey's Estate (Lots 7, 8 & 12 of the original 1855 Cleveland Estate subdivision) into nine lots

23

1886- 1903 Trustees of Montague c. 1889 clubhouse No change to area held Levey's estate (gentlemen's by trustees until sale of

apartments); 1893 two of the lots of the boarding house; 1886 subdivision some 1897- 1903 years later viz: Government Labor c. 1885-1889 sale of Lot Bureau 7 and construction of

fourth house on Upper Castlereagh Street; c. 1900 sale of Lot 6 and construction of fifth house on Upper Castlereagh Street [occupied by 1902]; c. 1898 three houses built on Buckingham Street to south of Cleveland House property

1896-1900 Sale of property in Buckingham Street to Peach & Jones

1903- 1946 Ststers of the Good Cleveland House used Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 & 9 Samaritan of the Order as convent and new of the 1886 subdivision of St Benedict building in Buckingham of Montague Levey's

Street used for Good estate Samaritan Refuge for fallen and outcast Demolition of cordial women with St factory & construction Magdalen's laundry in of new premises on same building. Buckingham Street for

Good Samaritan Refuge c. 1927 Buckingham with laundry Street building used as a home for aged and 1940 demolition of nos. infumwomen 158-164 Chalmers Street

(former Upper Castlereagh Street) and construction of new building

1946- 1958 Franctscan Miss10nanes Cleveland House used of Mary as convent and

Buckingham Street building used as home for aged and infirm women

1958- 1988 NSW Soctety for Cleveland House used 1963 construction of Crippled Children for administration and schoolroom to west of

Buckingham Street Buckingham Street building used as central building hospital and clinic and 1966 No. 156 Chalmers also for administration Street vacated to build 3

storey workshop

1988 Denenn Pty Ltd 1988 demohuon of nos. 158-164 Chalmers Street

24

Appendix 4 : Maps, illustrations, photographs and other material showing Cleveland House and its surroundings

* Reproduced in this report

'* Surry Hills location guide showing the outline of the Surry Hills estate, major subdivisions in the area and significant historical features [from Christopher Keating: Suny Hills: the city's backyard 1991, Hale & Iremonger p. 8]

1831* Surry Hills by Surveyor Larmer July 1831 [AONSW Map No. 5451]

1847*

1849

c. 1850s*

1850*

1850*

1852

1852

1853*

1854*

1854*

c. 1855*

1855*

'Sketch of the proposed new streets across the Cleveland Estate' [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 4 Fol. 220, Reel 2779]

Plan of the grounds in the City of Sydney proposed to be appropriated for Railway Station and Works [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 5 Fol. 61, Reel 2779]

Sydney Railway : sketch of the proposed terminus in the Cleveland Paddock [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 6 Fol. 87]

W. H. Wells 'City of Sydney including Pyrmont' [Council of the City of Sydney, Engineer's Department]

John Rae 'Turning the first turf of the first railway in the Australasian colonies at Redfern, Sydney NSW 3rd July 1850' [Mitchell Library: reproduced in Painted Panorama 1800-1870, The Blaxland Gallery . 1985]

AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 4 Fol. 69

Crown lands at the Cleveland Paddocks [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 6 Fol. 15, Reel2780]

Lord Henry Douglas Scott-Montagu 'Cleveland House', 1853 [Dixson Galleries- reproduced inS. Evans Historic Sydney as seen by its early artists , 1983, pl. 111]

Woolcott & Clark's Map of Sydney [M. Kelly & R. Croaker: Sydney takes Shape. 19781

Plan of the proposed alignment and continuation of Castlereagh Street South 1854 [AONSW Map No. 5565]

Proposed subdivision of the Cleveland Estate which did not eventuate, drawn by H. Hoghton [Mitchell Library Subdivision Plans, Surry Hills Box 2]

Advertisement for the sale of Cleveland House and the Qeveland Estate subdivision [Sydney Mornin~ Hera}d 1 October 1855 p7d]

25

1855*

1865*

Subdivision of the Cleveland Estate by Reuss and Brown, as offered for sale in 1855 [LTO FP 939724]

Trigonometric Survey of Sydney Section S 1 [Water Board- Historical Research Unit ]

1868* Hunt & Stevens Map of Sydney [AONSW Map No. 389]

1870* Prince Alfred Park- Intercolonial Exhibition [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File, Sydney- Exhibitions]

[post-1870]* Prince Alfred Park- Exhibition Building [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File, Sydney - Public Buildings - Exhibition Building]

1885* Public Works Department Detail Sheets of Sydney S 1544 Series Sheet K2 [ Water Board - Historical Research Unit ]

1886* Montague Levey's Estate : subdivision of the former Lots 7, 8 & 12 of the 1855 subdivision of the Cleveland Estate [Land Titles Office Litho 1889, FP 976489]

1886* Montague Levey's Estate: subdivision for sale in 1886 with function of buildings on site identified [as per Mitchell Library, Subdivision Plans, Surry Hills Box 2]

1886* Advertisement for sale of part of Montague Levey's estate, formerly Lots&, 8 & 12 of the original1855 subdivision including Cleveland . House [Sydney Morning Hera1d 10 February 1886 p14a]

1887* . Metropolitan Detail Sheets Sydney Section K2 [Mitchell Library Maps M Ser 4/ 811.17 /1]

1897-1902* Cleveland House as the Government Labor Bureau [Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society Vol. 16 ( 1930) p270, photograph by Mrs A.G.Foster]

1938* Views of the Good Samaritan Refuge including the garden [Catholic Freeman's Journal 6 January 1938]

1946-1947* Photographs of the Good Samaritan convent and Refuge taken before it was handed over to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, including view of the garden on the west side of the house [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe]

[c. 1940s]* View of the garden looking south-east to the back of the Buckingham Street building [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe]

1948 City of Sydney- Civic Survey- Surry Hills Sheet 7 [Mitchell Library MAX 811.17/1948/1]

1951 * Plan of Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 & 9 of Montague Levey's subdivision prepared in 1951 when the property was brought under Torrens Title, showing the buildings on the site [Land Titles Office DP 88021]

1964* Detailed Survey of Sydney, City Building Surveyor's Department [Council of the City of Sydney, Engineer's Department]

26

1966 Photographs of the property as occupied by the NSW Society for Crippled Children included in Census of historic StruCtureS ... prepared for the Department of Education [Mitchell Library MSS 1399 I I Item 15]

c.l966-1970s* Plan showing buildings on the site as occupied by the NSW Society for Crippled Children [NSW Society for Crippled Children files]

1988*

1989*

1991*

Various

Site plan showing building outlines as existing in 1988 and boundary of area covered by Permanent Conservation Order [ Schwager I Brooks I James and Partners]

Subdivision of Montague Levey's subdivision and adjacent areas [Land Titles Office DP 788696]

Sewerage Service Diagram No. 193556 showing services installed on the site before the demolition of the Buckingham Street building

Other photographs of various dates are held by the Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe and by the NSW Society for Crippled Children, Grose Street, North Parramatta.

27

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Appendix 5 : Sources of information concerning the history and occupation of Cleveland House

Sources which have been researched for this report

Published works C. Keating: Suny Hills: the city's backyard (1991) Hale & Iremonger

Reports Schwager I Brooks I James and Partners Pty Ltd : Preliminazy Conservation Plan -Cleveland House ( 1988) [Copy held by the Department of Planning - Heritage Branch]

Unpublished thesis Valerie Clack & Louise Nettleton: Cleveland House- Suny Hills: a studY in conservation and restoration of an early colonial house. Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Architecture (Hons), University of Sydney November 1983 [Copy held by the Good Samaritan Generalate Archives]

Archival sources Archives Office of New South Wales Land Titles Office Mitchell Library Water Board- Historical Research Unit Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth house, Glebe NSW Society for Crippled Children, Grose Street, North Parramatta Council of the City of Sydney - Engineer's Department Council of the City of Sydney- Plan Custodian South Sydney Council- Plan Custodian Public Works Department - Plan Room Royal Australian Historical Society Lands Department

Sources which have not been researched for this teyort

Council of the City of Sydney Archives These Archives were closed due to relocation of much material from Ultimo at the time this report was prepared. The rate books are an important source of information concerning the house itself and its outbuildings, its occupants and usage of the surrounding area.

Sands Directories These have not been exhaustively searched for occupancy of the house in the 19th century but have only been researched in part to gain some idea of the tenants of the house.

Franciscan Missionaries of Mary - archives The Order owned the property from c.l947 to c. 1957 and may have records relating to this occupancy.

South Sydney Council Plans of alterations to the property held by the Council date from 1959 onwards. These have not been cited for the purposes of this report.

No research has been carried out concerning Barrett's cordial factory.

Archives Office of New South Wales- Orthophoto maps

28

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Fig. 1

--- ----

·-....... ,...__ ::_-:_ ---.

MOORE

MOORE M.RK

WOUlGICAL

GA.ROEN5

' . . . a ~

I I

/1,

Surry Hills location guide showing the outline of the Surry Hills estate, major subdivisions in the area and significant historical features [from Christopher Keating: Suny Hills: the city's backyard 1991, Hale & Iremonger p. 8 ]

I I I I I I I .-

I I I I I I I I I I I I

Fig. 2

. '

-£• ·,.

.-

---;-----

~·-

/ ! ··.:·

!-~- ' . ·-::--__ I

-·---------...,.----

'~ ·~-· .1·-. ~· - ~--- .... --~- :

----~ - _---....:__··; .. _____ _

-------------. ·'' ······

_, i~-/,....__..........._ ' -/. -

/ l ... ",!"' • ~ ..., ......

~ ..;~~ -· .. ;

.:.:..:I // ··· ·······

i

:.:. .-=-.--

Surry Hills by Surveyor Lanner July 1831 [ AONSW Map No. 5451]

------- -· ~ .. -:: --·---~:.~-=-.:..

I .-.•

:-!: ... "..; . :-:-.. ,

__ ,----~-

- - ·---...-------

I I I I . . I

I .L,· .k.. ·.t.. . ;·;;,

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II I Fig. 3

II

." .- ~ .. .... .. " . , '/ _,

~ ·.r.{- Y ) •-' ' .,

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1.

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Sydney Railway : sketch of the proposed terminus in the Cleveland Paddock c. 1850 [AONSW Surveyor General's Sketchbooks Vol. 6 Fol. 87]

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Fig. 5 W. H. Wells 'City of Sydney including Pyrmont' 1850 [Council of the City of Sydney, Engineer's Department]

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Fig. 6 John Rae 'Turning the first turf of the first railway in the Australasian colonies at Redfern, Sydney NSW 3rd July 1850' [Mitchell Library -reproduced in Painted Panorama 1800-1870, The Blaxland Gallery 19851

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Fig. 7 Lord Henry Douglas Scott-Montagu 'Cleveland House', 1853 [Dixson Galleries -reproduced in S. Evans Historic Sydney as seen by its early artists , 19R3, pl. 111]

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Fig. 8 Woolcott & Clark's Map of the City of Sydney 1854 [ M. Kelly & R. Croaker Sydney takes Shape ... 19781

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Plan of the proposed alignment and continuation of Castlereagh Street South 1854 [AONSW Map No. 5565]

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Fig. 11 Advertisement for the sale of Cleveland House and the Oeveland Estate subdivision [Sydney Morning Herald 1 October 1855 p7d]

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Subdivision of the Cleveland Estate by Reuss and Brown, as offered for sale in 1855 [LTO FP 939724]

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Trigonometric Survey of Sydney Section S 1 , 1865 [Water Board -Historical Research Unit]

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Fig. 14 Hunt & Stevens Map of Sydney 1868 [AONSW Map No. 389]

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Fig. 15 Prince Alfred Park - Intercolonial Exhibition 1870 with Cleveland House in the background [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File, Sydney -Exhibitions]

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Fig. 16 Detail of Fig. 15 showing Cleveland House and outbuildings (cordial factory?)

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Fig. 17 Prince Alfred Park- Exhibition Building showing Cleveland House in the background c. 1870s [?] [Mitchell Library, Small Picture File, Sydney- Public Buildings- Exhibition Building]

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Public Works Deparnnent Detail Sheets of Sydney S 1544 Series Sheet K2, 18 85 [Water Board - Historical Research Unit ]

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Montague Levey's Estate : subdivision of the former Lots 7, 8 & 12 of the 1855 subdivision of the Cleveland Estate in 1886 [Land Tides Office Litho 1889, FP 976489]

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Fig. 20 Montague Levey's Estate: subdivision for sale in 1886 with function of buildings identified [as per Mitchell Library, Subdivision Plans, Surry Hills Box 2]

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- tnllic -~:Sl'.\1'!; ortl.~i.\'rf. ~~o~TAGi:E L};\-£1:-.-l::..q.-,-antl

D\' on nEt: nr the TRl'~T .t:E~. ~ncl l't"lltllYISIO:O:.

WITIII:O: Tllt: CIT\' Ok' ~\'n:SEY.

T.\Ll'AIII.E nncl l'mDIASni:\0 Ul'SI:O:ESt\ and I!I·.StllESTI.\ I. SITl'.S,

•ifll:lll•l in the tcntrr of 1\ fn•t int{'rtwln~t Inc~ lily.

. JIAUlHE nne! (;On:'IL\); HA \'E TilE rLEA~t'RH tt) .\X:'\Ol':-\l .l·: th:t.t thry ho,· ~ rt•t C"in'(l in-'ti'UC'tinna tn \

------ oliN' tm- •ull· TilE SE('O>;ll :<l'lllli\'ISIOS in thi• E•tatc~ dc"Cril><•cl I><• low,

To tx- hrlcl in thr notnts. 133. l'ITT-sTnt:l'T, Mf 11.311 n'rlork. ·

T!ll:< D.\\', lOth n:lllll'AR\', Tb.lt elc,·atrcl blork of city pro{'rrty,

knon-n f\.., .-t ' i. l·:n:T.\:\11 t'.\nnoC'K,

h·;>·i!l;; iro!Vn"-:r• In 11<-dln"l. Ru~khcghotn. nnt! (';\ll(lcrc3gh · "tl'rrt:o,

ina:n~·~Eatt'1'" oppo .. itr nnct O\'t'rlooking l'l:l:SC't: .4-I.FIU:ll !'AUK

one! the Ol.ll EXtllliiTIOS lll'll,lll:SG,

un1~ in r.t"ar pro~:mity til ('Jl.-\l.~tt:lls ('llFIICU.

'!'hi! lm:wrt~!lt I•IN·k or l'itr bulldin~rl•nd. ~~ p~nt nc:ant,

h'" been .uhoi•· i~i;~.l ~h:\'"YOit noS .\1.1>~0:" into conv<'nicntlv hl'raH~tMI bn:~incs~ rtnJ n.~idt'ntl&l 1'it~s. I'Ll f,lll0\'.'1"!- - .

l.ut• 1. ~ . ~. -I, :•. 6. ; , r:u·h hnTin~: ~o fr~t frnnt:\jro to t~rrF.n. ('.~,..1'1.1.1: Lie; Jl . sT .. c·«·c;ct IA>t I . "hlrhohA• ~0 lrt•C. \'t>on LOl' ";.. c•l"('ct,'<l , , 1 .. \l:t:t: TI\'1>-~Tot:a:n l;t;t;ll>E:"CF.. built of bric·k .;lt'l'"lu!!('•r,,und~+.tlnu :; , ·•h.tL~d nlof, con~ai.n:ns: 10 tar~:" G.tli.l tuft,. ,..,.,.,,, h,.,.;,Jc. uuthcm"''': lan•l b~ Ki feet tronu.ce to

· · " f~c-tnry. umn~. nui =-ln>t!~. rn:cnpird ttnt\ n~tl hy MMl•r!'. IlArrt'tt an• ('c•. a• n •·:•t·cii•·l fu~tcorT. Tht• lnncljlO>I<'>OCS ISO f~ 1ronttr.JO to lJr;rldn:,;l:unt·ott<rl hy 110 Jl-l•t 2 lnrhu depth.

TITJ.J(. nn:t:nor.o. Ll1'll OS nl\.\ D \'.

n:Hm;: . . Quarter eM h. oolance In I, ~. nnt! s ycnr•, boarinll' lntereot

at tbl' mtc ol r. J><r tt•!'lt. per c<nnu:n. · Spec1ul 1\tlcntion i• inTilrd hy the AuctlontC!ro·td thll oale, as

tbi.• Is ~bout the only anulublc bu!lcling lould In the lmmec!ia~ lo<::llily lor pure~.

,\l•o •. IT l'TCTO:-;, 2 TOW;);;;tnr .ALI.O'DIE:"'fS. t:ACU 4 ACRE I~ ntcnt.

kno,.·n a. :So<. 3 ~111! ~. l'<'cUon 3. o1 the orlgtnal aub­dh·t"'hm. lll"l"Utn·mrr a Ct'"ntral po•ition. f1-ontinJr AtlG\'LE-sTiti-:I:T or GUE.\T SOl'TilER:\-ROAU, nmi claM' to the •·omer of A.S'flLL-S'l'lU:l::T.

Advertisement for sale of part of Montague Levey's estate, formerly Lots&, 8 & 12 of the original 1855 subdivision including Cleveland House [Sydney Morning Herald 10 February 1886 pl4a]

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Metropolitan Detail Sheets Sydney Section K2, 1887 [Mitchell Library Maps M Ser 4 I 811.17 I 1]

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Fig. 23 Cleveland House as the Government Labor Bureau c. 1897-1902 [Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society Vol. 16 (1930) p270, photograph by Mrs A.G.Fosterj

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Fig. 24

Another snap of Mount Magdala Home, taken from the garden of the Institution. The factory-TTke portion of the premlau, originally built by the Good Samaritan Slstera for the accommodation of penitents, now provides dormitories, refectories,

recreation room-, etc., for old ladles, who seek an asylum there.

View of the Good Samaritan Refuge including the garden 1938 [Catholic Freeman's Journal 6 January 19381

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Fig. 25 Photographs of the Good Samaritan convent and Refuge taken before it was handed over to the Franciscan Missionaries of Mary, including view of the garden on the west side of the house and right of way from Pembroke Street 1946-1947 [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Giebel

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Fig. 26 View of the garden looking south-east to the back of the Buckingham Street building c. 1940s [Good Samaritan Generalate Archives, Toxteth House, Glebe]

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-~ ~ City af Sydney ]p) ILJ..'i~f if .

021 of lots 1-2-3-4·5·8& 9 &lso partof4feetPrivate Passage Montague Lev_t's Subdivision of lot 8 tf. part of lots 1&./2 Sec. 3 Clevel::;nd Estate

PARISH OF ALEXANDRIA COUNTY OF CUMBERLAND Sc:1le 30feet toaninch

BEDFORD ST f l

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, !'ctm2n Fr;rtCJ5 K't!lntjRrth ol SYDNEY. .t Swnl•t'" ,.,,,,:trlfl vlltllf' /Iff S11ruror I l.tf, I'J'lf . do h#rt .. r Jalrmm_o

JUIII'f "' / I" U II ' t:f'llllfUf'lt'f Jttd mt•IIUf'tnl'fllS 1110•" on (J'UJ l 'f lltl o

101 tj>•t 1 11 llll'•n IWft'll IOIIflf# Jilt/ l'l l l,.ttt O"fiiC•I OOJfCts 0 ... Or .HI'o

!'t'ul'ffl"tl I'" f":OI' ffCt •l ~'l'"tl~fllld , It I llt•l Ill pt!JJitll ObJttts •lttfiCIIhl

,. ~ , .. ~''"'' '·"'' .,,,..,., td o lltat th1 •flttla ol lit• "'''''"' f•ctJ ' " '~'"'' fl .I"'!' r~ ""'tl • • ... ,.,,.,,,.,,., 1"1 th .a t l .,,. Jllrtf,• ''llffStfffH In /ltll tJ/1/flf /1

,. .J': t~Jftl-1" .: .. .. " :,., , ..,, , ,., Pr1rt•c1 R,tUIII/Oitl, 1933 ·~

'"~'''"'•" ·~ , r tt ,I"'At'tr" """ lllfltl of ""•til ••1 AI rtflfl"#1f OJ "'' ·" ' 14 ,~:.u.' ll•lj.'~'i • 914 Jl"ol,. H '"'"""'rtf Ot'l • /#Hr. d&hJiJ(Ir,/~5/ ,11111 "'"'u- erc'" 'il• .ar,.:f .n'""•"it'''{l('

' '"' ' ,,. ,,,. :11u !11 """' rJ , ri,Uoll•c'" CCttffl#nllrtUIIf fH/If!E:"' tllf" '""'' l•o , ,,. • ., ,. ,.r ,,. .. : ~·· ••• ,.,,, .•1 '" ' fl-1!111 4rl . 1900 A • •

(S•en.11u re) . .... . ... ... N.. .... t}• SurttfO" rrtul,.nf """'' ,,,. ·~'"' '

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Fig. 27 Plan of Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 & 9 of Montague Levey's subdivision prepared in 1951 when the property was brought under Torrens Title in 1951, showing the buildings on the site [Land Titles Office DP 88021]

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site plan

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Plan showing buildings on the site as occupied by the NSW Society for Crippled Children c. 1966 - 1970s [NSW Society for Crippled Children files]

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BEDFORD STREET

P.C.O. BOUNDARY

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Fig. 30

BUILDING TWO two storeys

BUILDING THREE two storeys

s1ngle stor·ey

four storeys

PEMBROKE STREET

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Site plan showing building outlines as existing in 1988 and boundary of area covered by Permanent Conservation Order [ Schwager I Brooks I James and Partners Pty Ltd., 1988 ]

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Subdivision of Montague Levey's subdivision and adjacent areas in 1989 [Land Titles Office DP 788696]

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Fig. 32

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METROPOLITAN WATER SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE BOARD J'\.::11./ ..) ,

SEWERAGE SERVICE DIAGRAM Municipality of Dy or o/dno/ No. 193556

SYMBOU AND ABBREVIATIONS ,i( · ~y t· I-:' 1.· · -: { , ':· .' I

0 Boundary Trap • ~.v. Reflux Valvo '·"· Induct Pipe . .... Basin

• Pit M.F, Shr, Shower Cleaning Eye Mica Flap ic,r. Greose Interceptor 0 VERT. Vertical Pipe T. Tub• ....... Wrought Iron Pipe Gully 0 V.P. Vent. Pipe K.S. Kitchen Sink C,I,P, Call Iron Pipe

Q!IP.T. P. Trap 0 s.v.P. Soil Vent. Pipe w.c. Water Closet F,W, Floor Waste I!IIR.s. Reflux Sink o.c.c. Down Cast Cowl a.w. Both Wuto W.M, Washing Machine

SCALEo 40 Ff!T TO AN INCH,

SEWER AVAILABLE Whore tho sower is nat availabio and a special Inspection is Involved tho Board accopll no rospanaibilily

far the suitability of tho drainage in relation to tho ovontuol position of tho Boord's Sower.

CHALMERS ST

Nt1~ 14 'I 1.50

I

_J . . .

.. ... -~

923 644 "' BUCKINGHAM

'N.IJ. 303965" Gaz 8 ·12·89

RATE N~ _/!:)/(}_?_?_ ..... W.C.s .. J.8 .. ... U.C.s ... ..J. .. SH!ET H .. _ .J8__1_!____ OFFICE USE ONLY

DRAINAGE

DATE BRANCH OFFICE Suporvis Supervised by

I I

Examined by

.I 1 ..

Tracing Cheeked .. _____ __ /__L_

Date ........ I /.. . Outfall ·---- .. ~t Dralnor _________ _

Plumber. __ ___ _

Boundary Trap Is/~ required.

J48 oio-~ ., ,.. .: . I .,, .. 128 542 ! ~ 11 . · - . ·;,

355 766: ,., ,' . ·' 1 ,) ,_, •J 1 J

;, .. :"':E.-1\ o.·n..,!

, .. C'~l<;.

' 'll .. (l'

Sewerage Service Diagram No. 193556 [as supplied in November 1991] showing services installed on the site

I I I I I I I I I I I' I I I I I I I I I

A

B

c D

Fig. 33

c~, ~~--~

o_,.ca.- ~ "~ l\.

~ ..... ~ \o.:, ..... ~ 6..<2 ...... o\4~"-..ac:l

l 'ls\.~:s)

~ ........ ~\..0...'"~ d.....<O!-co'-'.~"'-e~

( ~"S~s)

Cleveland House

Areas in which archaeological remains may survive (sites of former outbuildings)

_,- -

Approximate location of well formerly part of the property

Areas with slight archaeological potential (sites of yards etc. associated with outbuildings)

Areas with potential for the survival of below ground archaeological remains NOT TO SCALE : SKETCH PLAN ONLY