PM Monitoring

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Guest Speaker:

Brandy ToftLeech Lake Ojibwe

Overview of FRM/FEM/ARM status, requirements, and reporting

QC (routine checks, audits, and method-specific QC) for: ◦ Filter and Continuous PM2.5◦ Filter and Continuous PM10

Minivols General PM QC issues

Overview of PM session:

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FRM=Federal Reference MethodFEM = Federal Equivalent Methodnew list available as of 2/1: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/criteria/reference-equivalent-methods-list.pdf

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For NAAQS If comparing to standard, MUST use FRM or

FEM; see 40 CFR 50.7◦ Also look at Appendix C to 40 CFR Part 58 –

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Methodology

You may have purposes other than comparing to NAAQS, and you may want different types of instruments to suit your goals

Can use an FRM (class 1, filter-based), FEM class II (filter-based, like dichots), or FEM class III (continuous), or ARM (someday)

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§50.7   NAAQS for Particulate Matter 2.5 Microns and Smaller

6 PM2.5 continuous methods have been approved as FEMs

PM2.5 Continuous Monitoring http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/contmont.html

If PM2.5 continuous FEMs meet Part 53 criteria used to approve the instrument by comparing to collocated FRMs, EPA supports use of the continuous FEM as a Primary monitor (see spreadsheet for the calcs at above website)

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Approved PM2.5 Class III FEMs

Met One BAM-1020 Monitor – EQPM-0308-170 Thermo Scientific Model 5014i or FH62C14-

DHS – EQPM-0609-183 Thermo Scientific Model 5030 SHARP – EQPM-

0609-184 Thermo Scientific Series 8500C FDMS – EQPM-

0609-181 Thermo Scientific 1405-DF FDMS – EQPM-0609-

182 GRIMM Model EDM 180 PM2.5 Monitor – EQPM-

0311-195

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Summary of Operating PM2.5 FEMs:

Method DescriptionMethod

Code

Monitors Reporting

to AQS – Nov. ‘10

Met One BAM-1020 170 67

Thermo 8500C FDMS 181 24

Thermo 1405-DF FDMS 182 1Thermo 5014i or FH62C14-DHS 183 0

Thermo 5030 SHARP 184 2

GRIMM EDM 180 195 0

ARM = Approved Regional Method No ARMs yet Process of establishing an ARM is the same

as an FEM, must collocate FRM and produce 90 + sample pairs per year with 20 ea season

Regional office must approve (natch)

ARMs ?

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An approved FEM can be designated as primary

The FEM can be collocated with FRM, the FRM being primary

An ARM FEM can be approved (takes at least a year of operation to gather enough data, plus time for approval)

Approved primary FEM or ARM would then report to AQS as 88101, POC 3

3 scenarios for PM2.5 continuous for NAAQS:

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PM 2.5 QC Overview:Method CFR Frequency MQO

Flow Rate Verification (QC check)

3.2.3* Once every 4 weeks

<= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit

3.2.4 Every 6 Months

<= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value

Collocated Sampling 3.2.5 15% of Network Every 12 Days

PM2.5, TSP, PM10 :

Precision = 10%

PM2.5 PEP Program 3.2.7 Each quarter-(see QA Requirements for NAAQS.xls)

Bias = 10%

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• See e-cfr, or: http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl

Who can do these, and with what?Method AQS Who? With What?

Flow Rate Verification (not required to be reported to AQS)

RP Can be site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used to calibrate your analyzer

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit

RA Preferably not site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used for monthly QC checks

PM PEP RP, and contractor reports their values

OAQPS/TAMS certified auditor

OAQPS/TAMS equipment

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General info on filter methods in guidance doc 2.12: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/pm25/qa/m212covd.pdf

Same CFR requirements for filter (FRM-17 methods) and dichot (2 methods) and continuous (6 methods), although there are separate validation templates for filter, continuous & dichot

collocation: ◦ if <= 3 sites, at least 1 FRM collocated with one FEM◦ 1/12 days for SLAMS, 1/6 for PSD

PEP five times each year if fewer than 5 sites FR checks every 4 weeks(RP) with own stnd FR audit every 6 months(RA) with outside stnd

PM2.5:

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§50.7   NAAQS for Particulate Matter 10 Microns and Smaller

FRM are all filter-based methods (40 CFR 50 App. J)

FEM includes continuous methods (40 CFR 53)

BOTH can be compared to the NAAQS for PM10 (40 CFR 50.7)

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PM10 FRM: 2 Methods Hi-vol (1130 lpm) method (used for TSP)

with PM10 inlet that directs only PM10 to filter; guidance in EPA Handbook 2.11

Lo-vol sampling at 16.7 L/m; see EPA Handbook 2.10; can be either:◦ Dichot method which split into PM2.5 and PM10;

both filters are weighed◦ Lo-vol sampler (R&P, Andersen, and BGI all

approved as FRM PM10)

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Both handbooks at: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qapollutant.html

TEOMs BAMs

PM10 FEM: 2 Methods

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PM 10 manual QC:Method CFR Frequency MQO

Flow Rate Verification (QC check) LOW-VOL, 16.7 LPM

3.3.2 Once every 4 weeks

<= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value

Flow Rate Verification (QC check) HI-VOL, 1130 LPM

3.3.2 Once every quarter

<= 7% of Standard & 10% of Design Value

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit LOW-VOL

3.3.3 Every 6 Months

<= 4% of Standard & 5% of Design Value

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit HI-VOL

3.3.3 Every 6 Months

<= 10% of Standard & 10% of Design Value

Collocated Sampling

3.3.1 15% of Network Every 12 Days

Precision = 10%

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(hi-vol or lo-vol doesn’t matter to the 15%)

PM 10 automated QC:Method CFR Frequency MQO

Flow Rate Verification (QC check)

3.2.3 Once every 4 weeks

<= 7% of Standard & 10% of design

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit

3.2.4 Every 6 Months

<= 10% of Standard & design

Average Flow Rate

Not in CFR, just in

validation template so

is recommendation

Every 24 hours

Average within 5% of design

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Plus whatever your instrument manuals call for.

Who can do these, and with what?Method AQS Frequency Who? With What?

Flow Rate Verification (not required to be reported to AQS)

RP Once every 4 weeks

Can be site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used to calibrate your analyzer

Semi-Annual Flow Rate Audit

RA Every 6 Months

Preferably not site operator, no national certification required, not the same standards that are used for monthly QC checks

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As for all PM, it all hinges on flow rate and careful filter handling

Minivols:

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Laboratories!◦ The TAMS Center laboratory provides exemplary reports;

examples available for you to urge your lab to copy (see COC forms in zipped folder)

◦ Also ask for quarterly QC reports◦ TAMS gravimetric services:

http://www4.nau.edu/tams/services/filterlab.asp

Flow rate standards must be verified annually, some guidance in Redbook

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/qapollutant.html Data management (filters require chain of

custody; see example COC forms for PEP program in session 7 folder)

General PM QC issues:

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You may be using a non-FRM/FEM, so you can report to AQS using the non-regulatory guidance: http://www.epa.gov/ttn/airs/airsaqs/memos/Non%20Regulatory%20Monitor%20Type%20Guidance.pdf

Flow rate and pressure calcs are made easier with free program: http://www.unitconverterpro.com/

REPORT NEGATIVE VALUES: see your MDL in the table AQS_SplgMethodsFromToolbox.xls in session 7 folder:◦ TEOMs MDL ranges from -10 to -50◦ BAMS MDL ranges from -10 to 4 mg/m3

More PM issues:

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QC forms specific to your instrument are available in EPA draft SOPs in

course downloads folder:

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Use resources available:

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It ALL hangs on flow rate PM2.5 PEP auditing necessary for NAAQS

data Your instrument may be able to do “better”

than validation criteria, see your spec sheets

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PM Monitoring Conclusions: