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GraphicGraphic DesignDesign

TID1103 Computer TID1103 Computer Application in ManagementApplication in Management

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Chapter ContentsChapter Contents

• Introduction to graphicIntroduction to graphic• The important of graphic in The important of graphic in

managementmanagement• Graphic categories: Vector image, Graphic categories: Vector image,

Bitmap and interchangeBitmap and interchange• Standard graphic: BMP, TIFF, TGA and Standard graphic: BMP, TIFF, TGA and

othersothers• Designing a graphicDesigning a graphic• Graphic evaluationGraphic evaluation

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Introduction to graphicIntroduction to graphic

• Normal term of graphic: Any picture or Normal term of graphic: Any picture or drawing object including engraving object.drawing object including engraving object.

• Also about the use of visual to explain Also about the use of visual to explain concept (sometime difficult to explain with concept (sometime difficult to explain with text)text)

• Efficient Information delivery resource Efficient Information delivery resource and accepted by peopleand accepted by people

• Computer Graphic: Any image that Computer Graphic: Any image that produced by graphic computer applicationproduced by graphic computer application

• From simple image to complex (fractal)From simple image to complex (fractal)

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Example of computer Example of computer graphicgraphic

Basic form Fractal

Logo

Icosahedrons

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Computer Graphic Computer Graphic ApplicationApplication

• Computer based graphic industry Computer based graphic industry growth in positive trend : Ability to growth in positive trend : Ability to help in work productivity.help in work productivity.

• Uses in Project Management, Uses in Project Management, Publication, Business, aerospace, Publication, Business, aerospace, automotiveautomotive

• E.g: Car model development, E.g: Car model development, Electronic circuit and engineering Electronic circuit and engineering drawing. drawing.

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The Important of Graphic The Important of Graphic Application in ManagementApplication in Management• Information delivery more accurate, Information delivery more accurate,

clear, consistent and efficient compare clear, consistent and efficient compare with textwith text

• Uses to emphasize certain info.Uses to emphasize certain info.• Example usage: advertisement, Example usage: advertisement,

presentation and company reportpresentation and company report• Increase performance of managementIncrease performance of management

“ “ A picture is worth than a thousand A picture is worth than a thousand words.”words.”

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Graphic CategoryGraphic Category

• Categorized into two main groups: Categorized into two main groups: bitmap and vectorbitmap and vector

• Vector: Object based image Vector: Object based image represented by geometric formrepresented by geometric form

• Bitmap: The image represented by Bitmap: The image represented by matrix pixelsmatrix pixels

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Vector ImageVector Image

• Draw type image or object oriented Draw type image or object oriented imageimage

• Represented in geometric form Represented in geometric form (mathematical instruction) to create (mathematical instruction) to create straight line, oval, curve and sphere.straight line, oval, curve and sphere.

• E.g instruction:E.g instruction:- Line startcoord=“x.0 y.0”Line startcoord=“x.0 y.0”- Endcoord=“x.20 y.20”Endcoord=“x.20 y.20”

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Example Example

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The Advantages of Vector The Advantages of Vector ImagesImages

• Ability to change the size of graphic Ability to change the size of graphic without effect image qualitywithout effect image quality

• The storage is small because just The storage is small because just store computer drawing instruction. store computer drawing instruction. E.g line (x1,y1, x2,y2)E.g line (x1,y1, x2,y2)

• Easy to make amendment toward Easy to make amendment toward imageimage

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ExerciseExercise

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Disadvantages of vector Disadvantages of vector imageimage

• Produced by computer so less/not Produced by computer so less/not realistic realistic

• The complex object make the image The complex object make the image instruction processing slower.instruction processing slower.

• Need high skill to draw high quality Need high skill to draw high quality vector imagevector image

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The usage of vector The usage of vector imageimage

• Store computer file in clip art form Store computer file in clip art form for marketing purposesfor marketing purposes

• Use in technical fields such as Use in technical fields such as CAD/CAM/ architecture, scientific CAD/CAM/ architecture, scientific modelingmodeling

• Graphic art and multimedia using Graphic art and multimedia using vector graphic application such as vector graphic application such as Macromedia Freehand, Adobe Macromedia Freehand, Adobe Illustrator and Autocad.Illustrator and Autocad.

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Bitmap ImageBitmap Image

• Also known as raster imageAlso known as raster image• Representing image in dot form Representing image in dot form

known as pixel or bitknown as pixel or bit• Arrange in simple matrix Arrange in simple matrix • For monochrome monitor, needs a For monochrome monitor, needs a

matrix dimension.matrix dimension.• The depth needed to view color The depth needed to view color

image such as 4, 8, 16, 24 bit.image such as 4, 8, 16, 24 bit.

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Method to produce Method to produce bitmap imagebitmap image

•3 main method to produce bitmap image:3 main method to produce bitmap image:

a.a.Use computer based drawing Use computer based drawing application such as Microsoft Paintapplication such as Microsoft Paint

b.b.Screen captureScreen capture

c.c.Use scanner, digital camera and video Use scanner, digital camera and video cardcard

Graphic software uses to amend bitmap Graphic software uses to amend bitmap image : Adobe Photoshop, Painter, image : Adobe Photoshop, Painter, PrintShop Atrist.PrintShop Atrist.

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Resolution and color in Resolution and color in bitmap imagebitmap image

• Resolution determined by image Resolution determined by image dimension vertically and horizontally. dimension vertically and horizontally. E.g 640x480E.g 640x480

• The highest pixel make an image more The highest pixel make an image more clearclear

• Color depth determined by total Color depth determined by total memory for each pixel (VRAM)memory for each pixel (VRAM)

• 4 bit = 2 equal to 16 color, 24 bit = 4 bit = 2 equal to 16 color, 24 bit = 16 million of color. Near to real life.16 million of color. Near to real life.

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Advantages of Bitmap Advantages of Bitmap imageimage

• Modification level is higher depend Modification level is higher depend on the depth of an imageon the depth of an image

• Can view the actual imageCan view the actual image

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DisadvantagesDisadvantages

• File size is biggerFile size is bigger• The process of resize make the The process of resize make the

image fuzzy and jaggiesimage fuzzy and jaggies• High computer memoryHigh computer memory• Anti-aliasing to prevent image Anti-aliasing to prevent image

jagged.jagged.

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Image graphic exchangeImage graphic exchange

• Vector image can be change to Vector image can be change to bitmap image by using graphic bitmap image by using graphic software such as Adobe Photoshopsoftware such as Adobe Photoshop

• Bitmap image to vector image using Bitmap image to vector image using software such Streamline.software such Streamline.

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Standard/format graphic.Standard/format graphic.

• To determine quality, size and purpose of uses.To determine quality, size and purpose of uses.• BMP (bitmap) – An old image format. Image BMP (bitmap) – An old image format. Image

decompress, big in size and accepteddecompress, big in size and accepted• TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)- Uses for TIFF (Tagged Image File Format)- Uses for

image generated by scanner, frame grabber.image generated by scanner, frame grabber.• PICT- For Macintosh Image format. Suitable PICT- For Macintosh Image format. Suitable

for presentation, video and screen viewfor presentation, video and screen view• TGA (Targa)- first format support 24 bit of TGA (Targa)- first format support 24 bit of

color)color)• EPS (encapsulated PostScript); Image for EPS (encapsulated PostScript); Image for

PostScript illustrationPostScript illustration

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Standard/format graphic.Standard/format graphic.

• GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) – GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) – Standard image for online interchange, Standard image for online interchange, 8 bit image compression and small size8 bit image compression and small size

• WMF (Windows Metafile Format)- Use WMF (Windows Metafile Format)- Use in Windows operating system. Usually in Windows operating system. Usually use for image vector clipart.use for image vector clipart.

• JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)- Method uses to compress an Group)- Method uses to compress an image, suitable for photo picture. Not image, suitable for photo picture. Not suitable for characters. suitable for characters.

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Graphic ApplicationsGraphic Applications

Adobe PhotoShop Adobe Illustrator

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Designing Vector ImageDesigning Vector Image

• Software can be used such as Adobe Software can be used such as Adobe Illustrator, Macromedia Freehand Illustrator, Macromedia Freehand and Autocadand Autocad

• Draw line and curveDraw line and curve• Color fillingColor filling• Text manipulationText manipulation

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Adobe Illustrator 9.0Adobe Illustrator 9.0

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Drawing Object Change Style

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Object Grouping Save Object

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Designing Bitmap ImageDesigning Bitmap Image

• Coloring type application cam be Coloring type application cam be used such as Microsoft Paint and used such as Microsoft Paint and Adobe PhotoShopAdobe PhotoShop

• Image can be drawn, colored and Image can be drawn, colored and modified.modified.

• Allows user to pick brush, pen, Allows user to pick brush, pen, eraser, color and othereraser, color and other

• As real artist tool.As real artist tool.

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Start Adobe PhotoShop

Adobe PhotoShop Interface

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Image Editing with Adobe Image Editing with Adobe PhotoshopPhotoshop

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Save ImageSave Image

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ExerciseExercise

• Give advantages and disadvantages Give advantages and disadvantages for each vector image and bitmap for each vector image and bitmap imageimage

• Give the factors that influence Give the factors that influence quality of bitmap imagequality of bitmap image

• State several graphic file formatState several graphic file format