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GENDER STATISTICS BY LIFE GENDER STATISTICS BY LIFE CYCLE STAGESCYCLE STAGES

IN ROMANIAN TIME USE SURVEY IN ROMANIAN TIME USE SURVEY

SEMINAR ON TIME USE SURVEYS (TUS)SEMINAR ON TIME USE SURVEYS (TUS)12 OCTOBER 2006, BRUSSELS, BELGIUM12 OCTOBER 2006, BRUSSELS, BELGIUMDG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal DG Employment, Social Affairs and Equal

Opportunities and EUROSTATOpportunities and EUROSTAT

Georgeta-Marinela ISTRATE Ph.D. student

National Institute of Statistics

ROMANIA

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Presenting data according to various stages of life we could Presenting data according to various stages of life we could discover the patterns in time use in a modern society, where discover the patterns in time use in a modern society, where it is expected that the roles of women and men be equally it is expected that the roles of women and men be equally distributed. distributed.

Also, the presentation of time use by life cycle categories Also, the presentation of time use by life cycle categories could represent a valuable tool for policy-makers, in could represent a valuable tool for policy-makers, in developing strategies for helping the disadvantaged developing strategies for helping the disadvantaged categories.categories.

Presenting data according to various stages of life we could Presenting data according to various stages of life we could discover the patterns in time use in a modern society, where discover the patterns in time use in a modern society, where it is expected that the roles of women and men be equally it is expected that the roles of women and men be equally distributed. distributed.

Also, the presentation of time use by life cycle categories Also, the presentation of time use by life cycle categories could represent a valuable tool for policy-makers, in could represent a valuable tool for policy-makers, in developing strategies for helping the disadvantaged developing strategies for helping the disadvantaged categories.categories.

Objective of studyObjective of study

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Source of data used in this study

TIME USE SURVEY in TIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIAROMANIA , NIS, 2001, NIS, 2001

Statistics in Focus–Population and Statistics in Focus–Population and

social conditionssocial conditions, EUROSTAT, 2006, EUROSTAT, 2006

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SAMPLE SIZESAMPLE SIZE:: 9018 dwellings, distributed in two independent monthly sub-samples of 4509 dwellings each. The sample size provided reliable estimates at national and regional level.

SAMPLING DESIGNSAMPLING DESIGN::

- two-stage design;

- uniform distribution of the sample by the days of the week, so as each working day had associated a weekend day.

NON-RESPONSE RATENON-RESPONSE RATE: : 13%

SAMPLE SIZESAMPLE SIZE:: 9018 dwellings, distributed in two independent monthly sub-samples of 4509 dwellings each. The sample size provided reliable estimates at national and regional level.

SAMPLING DESIGNSAMPLING DESIGN::

- two-stage design;

- uniform distribution of the sample by the days of the week, so as each working day had associated a weekend day.

NON-RESPONSE RATENON-RESPONSE RATE: : 13%

TIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIATIME USE SURVEY in ROMANIA SURVEY METHODOLOGYSURVEY METHODOLOGY

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Main results of Romanian Main results of Romanian TUSTUSMain results of Romanian Main results of Romanian TUSTUS

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0 360 720 1080 1440

Total

Women

Men

minutes

Personal care

Gainful work/study anddomestic work

Free time

Other

Figure 1 Average time use by major activity groups and gender

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Population by life cycle category and genderPopulation by life cycle category and genderPopulation by life cycle category and genderPopulation by life cycle category and gender

within the group "single parent (all ages) youngest child<18" almost 90% are women.

a high percentage of women are also to be met within the group "person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement" (77,69%).

men are prevalent within the group "person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents", where almost 3 quarters are men.

within the group "single parent (all ages) youngest child<18" almost 90% are women.

a high percentage of women are also to be met within the group "person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement" (77,69%).

men are prevalent within the group "person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents", where almost 3 quarters are men.

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 2 Population by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangem12. All

Figure 3 Daily average time spent on sleeping by life cycle category and gender

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Figure 4 Daily average time spent on eating and other personal care activities by life cycle category and gender

1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 5 Daily average time spent on employment activities by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 6 Daily average time spent on household and family care activities by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 7 Daily average time spent on participatory activities, social life, entertainment and cultural activities by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 8 Daily average time spent on resting, sports and outdoor activities, hobbies and games by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 9 Daily average time spent on watching the TV and video by life cycle category and gender

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1. Person<25, no children<18, living with parents2. Person 25-44, no children<18, living with parents3. Person<45, living in couple, no children<184. Person<45, no children<18, living in other arrangement5. Single parent (all ages) youngest child<186. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-67. Person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 7-178. Person 45-64, living in couple, no children<189. Person 45-64, no children<18, living in other arrangement10. Person 65 and above, living in couple, no children<1811. Person 65 and above, no children<18, living in other arrangement12. All

Figure 10 Daily average time spent on travels by life cycle category and gender

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Comparison of Time Use Results between Romania and Denmark

For Romania and Denmark, the fieldwork period of the surveys did not cover the whole year: in Romania the survey was carried out for only two months (August and September) and in Denmark for four months (March, April, September and October).

However, the differences in methodologies used should not greatly affect the comparison between certain groups of person in the same country, especially in a gender perspective.

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Figure 11 Daily average time spent in main activities, by women and men aged 20-74 years old(Hours and minutes per day)

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Figure 12 Domestic activities for women and men aged 20-74 years old(in % of total domestic time)

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Figure 13 Free time activities for women and men aged 20-74 years old(in % of total free time)

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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

The main conclusion of the analysis performed in this paper is a predicted one: even though the people are living, it could be said that persons belonging to the category "person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-6" have the most disadvantageous position compared to other categories of persons. This conclusion is valid especially for women: they sleep less, have the largest amount of time spent on household and family care activities, have less time for TV and video, and travel.

The main conclusion of the analysis performed in this paper is a predicted one: even though the people are living, it could be said that persons belonging to the category "person (all ages) living in couple, youngest child 0-6" have the most disadvantageous position compared to other categories of persons. This conclusion is valid especially for women: they sleep less, have the largest amount of time spent on household and family care activities, have less time for TV and video, and travel.

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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TIME USE GENDER DIFFERENCES IN TIME USE BY LIFE CYCLE STAGESBY LIFE CYCLE STAGES

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