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Future ForestsFuture ForestsWhy it is so important to address Why it is so important to address
the productivity and sustainability of the productivity and sustainability of our forestsour forests
Hal SalwasserHal SalwasserCollege of ForestryCollege of Forestry
Oregon State UniversityOregon State UniversityJanuary 24, 2002January 24, 2002
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0
10
20
30
40
50
World U.S. CA OR WA
Forest as percent of land area
Forests cover a large Forests cover a large area of the world’s landarea of the world’s land
Source: FAO 2001; USFS 2000Source: FAO 2001; USFS 2000
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Forests ~ 45% of the area of OregonForests ~ 45% of the area of Oregon
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Forests ecosystems are vital for life
Forests are vital for lifeForests are vital for life
Headwaters of the nation: Headwaters of the nation: 1/3 area; 2/3 runoff; groundwater 1/3 area; 2/3 runoff; groundwater
recharge; recharge; best water from any land use (USFS)best water from any land use (USFS)
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Forests sustain biodiversity Forests sustain biodiversity and wildlife habitatsand wildlife habitats
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
in m
egaj
oule
sForests supply wood: the Forests supply wood: the
“green” material“green” material
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10
20
30
40
50
60
in l
iter
s (t
ho
usa
nd
s)
Wood products use less energy and water
Energy Water
Steel and wood compared in construction of a 10’ x 100’ wallSteel and wood compared in construction of a 10’ x 100’ wall
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Wood products meetWood products meetessential needsessential needs
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Forests store carbon
Forests store ~ 45% of the Forests store ~ 45% of the carbon carbon
in terrestrial ecosystemsin terrestrial ecosystems
Source: IPCC 2000Source: IPCC 2000
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Forests sustain livelihoods, Forests sustain livelihoods, communities, recreation, cultural communities, recreation, cultural
heritage and diversityheritage and diversity
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Smaller global forest must serve Smaller global forest must serve more people in more waysmore people in more ways
Wood use up 40% since 1960: 1.5 bcm 2000Wood use up 40% since 1960: 1.5 bcm 2000
Wood use to rise < 50% by 2050: 2 - 2.5 bcmWood use to rise < 50% by 2050: 2 - 2.5 bcm
Demand for all forest benefits growing as wellDemand for all forest benefits growing as well WaterWater
Biodiversity conservationBiodiversity conservation
Carbon storesCarbon stores
Recreation, subsistence, cultural usesRecreation, subsistence, cultural uses
< 50% of global fiber from planted forests by < 50% of global fiber from planted forests by mid century or earliermid century or earlier
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Forest sustainability rests Forest sustainability rests in a global contextin a global context
30% + of industrial wood use crosses an 30% + of industrial wood use crosses an international boundaryinternational boundary
US imports 35% + of lumber usedUS imports 35% + of lumber used
Forest industries integrating globallyForest industries integrating globally
Carbon, wood, biodiversity are global issuesCarbon, wood, biodiversity are global issues
~ 33% OSU forestry grad students are not US ~ 33% OSU forestry grad students are not US citizenscitizens
US forest policy choices impact world’s forestsUS forest policy choices impact world’s forests
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Forests are managed for Forests are managed for many different purposesmany different purposes
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The broad spectrum of The broad spectrum of sustainable forestrysustainable forestry
Sustainable forest management varies Sustainable forest management varies
by diverse forest typesby diverse forest types
It treats each forest differently: depends It treats each forest differently: depends
on goals, capabilities, and needs:on goals, capabilities, and needs:
A.A. High yield wood and fiber productionHigh yield wood and fiber production
B.B. Multiple values/uses integratedMultiple values/uses integrated
C.C. Nature preservation, reservesNature preservation, reserves
D.D. Urban forestsUrban forests
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Global Forests 2000 - 2050Global Forests 2000 - 2050
~ 3.9 bil ha: ~ 95% natural; ~ 5% planted~ 3.9 bil ha: ~ 95% natural; ~ 5% planted
~ 2 cm/ha/yr wood yield from natural forests~ 2 cm/ha/yr wood yield from natural forests
5 - 50 cm/ha/yr yield possible in planted forests5 - 50 cm/ha/yr yield possible in planted forests
Intensive forestry on 10% of total < 50% of Intensive forestry on 10% of total < 50% of
industrial wood demandindustrial wood demand
Integrated, multi-use forestry on 40% < 50% of Integrated, multi-use forestry on 40% < 50% of
industrial wood demandindustrial wood demand
Nature preservation for 50% of world’s forestsNature preservation for 50% of world’s forests
Source: Victor and Ausubel 2000Source: Victor and Ausubel 2000
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A. High yield forestryA. High yield forestry
Goal:Goal:Most efficient wood/fiber production from ~ 10% Most efficient wood/fiber production from ~ 10%
of world’s forestsof world’s forestsIncrease wood yield: 2X to 5X over naturalIncrease wood yield: 2X to 5X over naturalReduce environmental impactReduce environmental impactImprove product qualityImprove product qualityHigh return on investmentHigh return on investment
Much of world’s wood will come from Much of world’s wood will come from this forest usethis forest use
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B. Multi-value forestryB. Multi-value forestry
Goal:Goal:Meet various landowner objectives on ~ 40% of Meet various landowner objectives on ~ 40% of
world’s forestsworld’s forestsOptimize joint productionOptimize joint productionSustain desired diversity of environmental, Sustain desired diversity of environmental,
economic, community conditions and economic, community conditions and
resultsresults
Most of the world’s accessible forest will Most of the world’s accessible forest will be in integrated managementbe in integrated management
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C. Nature forestryC. Nature forestry
Goal:Goal:Perpetuate native ecosystems, species, nature’s Perpetuate native ecosystems, species, nature’s
processes on ~ 50% of world’s forestsprocesses on ~ 50% of world’s forestsManage people to reduce impactsManage people to reduce impactsManage forests to restore “naturalness”Manage forests to restore “naturalness”Manage ecosystems to ameliorate invasive Manage ecosystems to ameliorate invasive
species, pollutionspecies, pollution
Parks, reserves, and wilderness for Parks, reserves, and wilderness for natural valuesnatural values
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D. Urban forestryD. Urban forestry
Goals:Goals:Pleasant neighborhoodsPleasant neighborhoodsResource conservationResource conservationProperty valueProperty valueSafetySafetyWildlife habitatsWildlife habitats
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SustainableSustainableForestForest
ManagementManagement
High YieldHigh Yield
Multi valueMulti value
NatureNatureUrbanUrban
Integrate at landscape, regional scalesIntegrate at landscape, regional scales
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What will this mean for Oregon? What will this mean for Oregon?
Industrial forest roles: ~ 5.8 mil ac; 21%
Family forest roles: ~ 4.6 mil ac; 16%
State forest roles: ~ 0.9 mil ac; 3%
Tribal & County forest roles: ~ 0.5 mil ac; 2%
Federal forest roles: ~ 16 mil ac; 57%
Depends on policy choices, plans at Depends on policy choices, plans at federal, state, tribal and private levelsfederal, state, tribal and private levels
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Aligning management to Aligning management to purposepurpose
High YieldHigh Yield Multi-benefitMulti-benefit NatureNature
IndustryIndustry
Private, non-industryPrivate, non-industry
FamilyFamily
TribalTribal
StateStateFederalFederal
**
****
**?? ?? **
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We face many challengesWe face many challenges Meet the needs of growing populationsMeet the needs of growing populations
Increase productivity and efficiencyIncrease productivity and efficiency
Sustain economic vitality of communitiesSustain economic vitality of communities
Develop innovative policies -- incentives Develop innovative policies -- incentives
Understand the trade-offs in all choicesUnderstand the trade-offs in all choices
Invest in new knowledge and technologiesInvest in new knowledge and technologies
Protect water, fish, wildlife, renewal processesProtect water, fish, wildlife, renewal processes
Create common ground on sustainabilityCreate common ground on sustainability
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Extreme ideologies are Extreme ideologies are not constructivenot constructive
Markets Markets know bestknow best
Nature knows Nature knows bestbest Government Government
knows bestknows best
Scientists Scientists know bestknow best
I know bestI know best
Locals Locals know bestknow best
The law is clearThe law is clear
CommonCommonGroundGround
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Collaboration and Collaboration and respect are constructiverespect are constructive
Common GroundCommon Ground
Markets Markets are meansare means
Learn, work with Learn, work with naturenature
Governments Governments set standardsset standards
Science Science informs informs choiceschoices
Everyone Everyone has ideashas ideas
Locals Locals know a lotknow a lot
Laws give Laws give directiondirection
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Let’s consider our choicesLet’s consider our choices
Managing forests and forest uses on a path to Managing forests and forest uses on a path to productivity and sustainability: productivity and sustainability:
who, how, where, when?who, how, where, when?