8/10/2019 1. Follow the Settlements Andfollow the Fortunes

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Ocapthr 2

BMKKM\ UCH _HUUKHGHIU_ AIEBMKKM\ UCH BM^UXIH_

JIU^MEXOUJMI

Jisuraioh as a omiohpt js prhejoathe upmi tch kaw mb karlh iugnhrstch prhejotjmi mb kmsshs tcrmulc aoourath statjstjoak aiakysjs mbgaiy sjgjkar rjs s, aie tchjr traisbhr brmg mih hitjty tm gaiy mtchrs. Ji hsshioh jt js tch sprhaejil mb rjs` ny mih party wcm gay imtwjsc mr nh uiankh tm nhar jt akk cjgshkb mvhr tch bjiaiojak anjkjty mb gaiy mtchrs tm em sm, haoc mb wcmg wjkk pay a sgakk prmpmrtjmi mbaiy kmss. Uch sprhaejil mb rjs` js imt miky homimgjo0 a lhmlrapcjoak sprhae mb rjs` mb, say, bkmme eagalh ji ejbbhrhit omuitrjhs wjkkaksm avmje ai aoougukatjmi mb hxpmsurh ny aiy mih jisurhr tm aiy mih smuroh mr typh mb rjs`.

Uch mptjgug sprhaejil mb rjs` moours ji rhjisuraioh wchrh a rhjisurhr oai hbbhotjvhky partjojpath hjtchr ji a sphojbjo rjs` aoohptheny ai jisurhr mr ji cjs pmrtbmkjm mb rjs`s, sm tcat tch mrjljiak rjs` oai bai mutwares hxpmihitjakky uktjgathky tm nh nmrih ny gaiyrhjisurhrs aie jiehhe tchjr rhjisurhrs. Mb omursh tchrh arh brjotjmiak omsts, wcjoc cavh tm nh ansmrnhe ny tch partjhs, aie hxohssjvhbrjotjmiak omsts gay ljvh rjsh tm tch jibagmus spjrak (h.l., tch Vhrsmiak Aoojehit KGS _pjrak). Uch rhjisurhr rhohjvhs prmpmrtjmiathkykhss prhgjug bmr tch sagh agmuit mb rjs` tcai tch mrjljiak jisurhr aie aktcmulc rhjisurhrs wjkk omitrjnuth sphojbjo sugs tmwares tchomst mb aoqujrjil tch mrjljiak nusjihss aie jts gajithiaioh, rhjisuraioh wmr`s omgghrojakky nhoaush rhjisurhrs arh ankh tm avmjejiourrjil tch culh aegjijstratjvh aie mtchr mvhrchaes mb ejrhot jisuraioh, suoc as tch jivhstjlatjmi aie aedustghit mb okajgs, hto.

A `hy hkhghit ji gjijgjsjil mvhrchaesaie tchrhbmrh gaxjgjsjil prmbjtsjs tch hxthit tm wcjoc omitrmk mvhr tch aotjvjtjhs mb tch

ejrhot jisurhr js rhtajihe ny tch rhjisurhr. \chrh a rhjisurhr atthgpts tm hxhrojsh omitrmk mvhr akk okajgs, tchi tch omst mb emjil sm wjkkprmnanky ga`h tch rhjisuraioh uihomimgjo. Mi tch mtchr caie tch rhjisurhr omuke vhst ji tch ejrhot jisurhr tmtak autcmrjty tm shkhotnusjihss aie ehak wjtc okajgs ji aiy way ch shhs bjt, tch rhjisurhr rhkyjil upmi cjs mwi nusjihss duelhghit ji alrhhjil tm rhjisurhtcat jisurhr aie mi tch nusjihss duelhghit aie aoughi mb tcat jisurhr tm shkhot apprmprjath rjs`s tm jisurh aie rhjisurh. Uchrh js athisjmi nhtwhhi tch ehsjrh mb tch rhjisurhr imt tm nh nmuie ny wcat ch gjlct omisjehr tm nh jgpruehit shttkhghits gaeh ny tchrhjisurhe aie tch ehsjrh mb tch rhjisurhr imt tm cavh tm rhjivhstjlath hvhry gatthr.

Uch shisjnkh smkutjmi aempthe ny rhjisurhrs js tm akkmw tch rhjisurhe omisjehrankh katjtueh ji shkhotjil rjs`s aie ehakjil wjtc okajgsnut tm rhtaji tch rjlct tm omitrmk tch aotjvjtjhs mb tchjr rhjisurhes ji tchjr hitjrhty scmuke tchy sm wjsc, mi tmp mb wcjoc sjts tch uktjgathsaiotjmi mb rhbusjil tm pay a okajg.

Ucjs nakaiojil mb prmbjtanjkjty tcrmulc gjijgjsjil mvhrchaes nut rhtajijil omitrmk js usuakky bmuie ji tch wmrejil mb tchapprmprjath bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush, aie aiy okajgs om-mphratjmi mr omitrmk okaushs tcat rhstraji suoc okaushs. \chrh tch partjhsarh jithiejil tcat rhjisuraioh scmuke mphrath nut hjtchr cavh imt omiokuehe a bmrgak omitraot mr cavh omiokuehe a bmrgak omitraotwcjoc emhs imt omitaji a sphojbjo bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush, tchi jt wjkk nh jgpkjhe tcat tch rhjisurhr wjkk bmkkmw tch shttkhghits mbtch rhjisurhe. Gmst gmehri rhjisuraioh omitraots wjkk omitaji a bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush wjtc mr wjtcmut gmejbjoatjmis, ji pkaohmb tch pay as gay nh paje tchrhmi mr mtchr prmvjsjmis gmrh omggmiky ji ush nhbmrh tch 1:26s. Ji tch anshioh mb aiy sphojbjoprmvjsjmi rhkatjil tm tch kjanjkjty mb tch rhjisurhr, aie prhsuganky mi tch nasjs mb a lhihrak jithitjmi mi tch part mb nmtc rhjisurhe aierhjisurhr tm alrhh tcat tch rhjisurhr wjkk pay smghtcjil tm tch rhjisurhe bmkkmwjil tch katthrs kmss, tchi a rhjisurhr cas a bar wjehrsomph bmr ocakkhiljil aiy shttkhghits gaeh ny tch rhjisurhe aie tch prjiojpkh ji hsshioh js tcat tch rhjisurhe gust prmvh tch kmssalajist tch rhjisurhr ji tch sagh gaiihr as tch mrjljiak jisurhe scmuke cavh prmvhe jt alajist cjg, j.h. tch jisurhr gust scmw tcat chwas uiehr a khlak kjanjkjty tm pay tch okajg tm tch jisurhe. Ji hbbhot jt pkaohs tch sagh nurehi mi tch rhjisurhe as tcat wcjoc bakks upmitch jisurhe ga`jil tch okajg alajist tcat rhjisurhe, aie rhjisurhrs arh okharky hitjtkhe tm rajsh akk ehbhiohs wcjoc omuke cavh nhhirajshe ny tch rhjisurhe alajist tch jisurhe.

UCH XIQXAKJBJHE BMKKM\ UCH _HUUKHGHIU_ VM_JUJMIAt mih hie mb tch soakh kjhs tch bukk rhjisuraioh okaush, wcjoc gjlct rhae Nhjil a rhjisuraioh mb aie warraithe sagh lrmss rath,thrgs aie omiejtjmis as aie tm bmkkmw tch shttkhghits mb tch rhjisurhe. _uoc a okaush cas nhhi oathlmrjshe as uiquakjbjhe ji tchshish tcat aktcmulc ohrtaji jgpkjhe thrgs wjkk mphrath tm rhstrjot jts mphratjmi, tchrh arh im sphojbjo quakjbjoatjmis mr kjgjtatjmis mtchrtcai tcmsh usuakky jgpkjhe ny kaw mr oustmg mr ny tch partjhs. Ucjs was oarhbukky aiakyshe ny tch Omurt mb Apphak ji Jisuraioh

Omgpaiy mb Abrjoav. _OM^4

Jisuraioh Omgpaiy mb Abrjoa v. _OM^P1:38W 1 Kkmyes ^hp. ?1>

Uch Jisuraioh Omgpaiy mb Abrjoa (JOA) jisurhe a warhcmush ji Gmirmvja nhkmiljil tm tch Abrjoai Uraejil Omgpaiy (Kjnhrja) Kjgjthe (AUO)

bmr X_$?.8 gjkkjmi, aie tchi rhjisurhe :3.2% mb tcat rjs` as a qumta scarh ji Kmiemi wjtc _OM^ as khaejil rhjisurhr. Uch pmkjoy omitajihe a bukk

bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush (as anmvh), tmlhtchr wjtc a okajgs om-mphratjmi/omitrmk okaush. Uch warhcmush nurihe tm tch lrmuie, ta`jil jts bukk

omgpkhghit mb stmo` wjtc jt jitm ojiehrs aie aschs. Uch Bjrh Nrjlaeh whrh uiankh tm ta`h aiy sunstaitjvh sthps tm gjijgjsh tch bjrh nhoaush tch wathr

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >66W > Kkmyes ^hp. 26 Kkmyes ^hp. 8>5

Uch rhjisuraioh alrhhghit omisjehrhe ny tch omurt was ji hxohss mb kmss bmrg, aie omitajihe tch usuak uktjgath iht kmss okaush wchrhny tch rhjisurhr

alrhhe tm pay tch rhjisurhe uikjgjthe sugs ji hxohss mb tch rhjisurhes uktjgath iht kmss (rhthitjmi) mb $66 Kkmyes ^hp. 266

Ji tcjs oash Hxxmi okajghe brmg jts jisurhrs ji Uhxas tch omsts mb okhai-up abthr tch Hxxmi Rakehz ejsasthr. Jisurhrs rhpuejathe tch twm okajgs aie

bjiakky alrhhe a sunstaitjak shttkhghit mb mih okajg ji tch hxphotatjmi tcat tchy wmuke kmsh aie mi tch shomie okajg tch gatthr whit tm trjak aie jisurhrs

kmst. Jisurhrs cae purocashe hxohss mb kmss prmthotjmis wcjoc omitajihe tch bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush ji tch sagh bmrg as Cjkk v. G&L (shh

nhkmw)0 tcat js tm say tcat jt was gaeh okhar tcat aiy shttkhghits tm nh bmkkmwhe cae tm bakk nmtc wjtcji tch mrjljiak pmkjoy aie tch omitraot mb

rhjisuraioh. Jisurhrs tchi suhe rhjisurhrs ji Kmiemi bmr ai jiehgijty ji rhsphot mb tch shttkhghit wcjoc tchy cae alrhhe ji Uhxas. Uchy rhkjhe upmi

hvjehioh brmg tchjr Uhxas attmrihy wcm aegjtthe ji ai abbjeavjt tcat tch shttkhghit gjlct cavh nhhi mutsjeh tch omvhr mb tch mrjljiak pmkjoy nut gaeh jt

okhar tcat tch duelh aie dury ji Uhxas whrh hjtchr uikj`hky tm apprhojath tch khlak arlughits mr wmuke sjgpky nh njashe alajist tch jisurhrs, wcm wmuke

prmnanky kmsh aie hie up payjil a cjlchr bjlurh tcai tch shttkhe okajg.

Uch rhjisurhrs ehbhiehe tch okajg mi tch nasjs tcat tch jisurhrs gust prmvh tcat tchy whrh kjankh bmr tch kmss uiehr tch mrjljiak pmkjoy mb jisuraioh, sm

tcat hvhi jb tch Uhxas omurt cae ljvhi duelghit alajist jisurhrs, tcat duelghit wmuke imt ji jtshkb prmvh tcat tchrh cae nhhi a kmss uiehr tch mrjljiak

pmkjoy. Uchy aksm arluhe tcat tch hvjehioh mb tch Uhxas attmrihy omuke imt agmuit tm prmmb mb jisurhrs kjanjkjty uiehr tch mrjljiak pmkjoy, cmwhvhr

pruehit tch jisurhrs ehojsjmi tm shttkh gjlct cavh nhhi. Uch gatthr whit tm tch Cmush mb Kmres wcm aoohpthe tch rhjisurhrs arlughit tcat tch

hvjehioh mb tch jisurhrs attmrihy eje imt hstankjsc kjanjkjty uiehr tch mrjljiak jisuraioh, aie jisurhrs wmuke imt nh phrgjtthe tm rhomvhr ji rhkjaioh

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >66 ^h K.^. >8?.

UCH QXAKJBJHE BMKKM\ UCH _HUUKHGHIU_ VM_JUJMI

Cjkk aie Ocargai v. Ghroaitjkh & Lhihrak ^hjisuraioh Omgpaiy pko P1::2W 1 \.K. . 1>?:Uch oash mbCjkk aie Ocargai v. Ghroaitjkh & Lhihrak ^hjisuraioh Omgpaiy pko armsh brmg tch apprmprjatjmi ny Jraqj bmrohs mb ajrorabt nhkmiljil tm

@uwajt Ajrways aie mih nhkmiljil tm Nrjtjsc Ajrways eurjil tch Lukb war. Uch mrjljiak jisurhrs gaeh a sjilkh $?66 gjkkjmi payghit tm @uwajt

Ajrways mi tch nasjs tcat tch kmss mb akk tch ajrorabt omistjtuthe mih hvhit uiehr tch thrgs mb tch omitraot. Ucjs jijtjak $?66 gjkkjmi wmr`he jts way up

tch rhjisuraioh aie rhtrmohssjmi kaeehr. Mih mb tch rhtrmohssjmiajrhs, Ghroaitjkh & Lhihrak, tmm` tch pmsjtjmi tcat tchy whrh hitjtkhe tm rhdhot tch okajg

mi tch lrmuies tcat jt bhkk mutsjeh tch thrgs mb tch uiehrkyjil rhjisuraioh omitraot as a gatthr mb kaw. Ji partjoukar, Ghroaitjkh & Lhihrak arluhe tcat

tch kmss mb tch @uwajtj ajrorabt was a shrjhs mb hvhits aie imt mih hvhit aie burtchr tcat tch kmsshs bhkk wjtcji tch bmkkmwjil yhar tm tcat uiehr wcjoc tch

okajg was shttkhe.

Jisthae mb arlujil anmut tch iugnhr mb hvhits tch jisurhrs pmsjtjmi bmoushe upmi tch jithrprhtatjmi mb tch bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush omggmiky

bmuie ji rhjisuraioh hxohss mb kmss omitraots4

Akk kmss shttkhghits ny tch rhassurhe jiokuejil omgprmgjsh shttkhghits aie tch hstankjscghit mb buies bmr tch shttkhghit mb kmsshs scakk nh njiejilupmi tch rhjisurhrs, prmvjejil suoc shttkhghits arh wjtcji tch thrgs aie omiejtjmis mb tch mrjljiak pmkjojhs aie/mr omitraots aie wjtcji tch thrgs aie

omiejtjmis mb tcjs rhjisuraioh.

Uhocijoakky tcjs js imt a bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush nut jts hbbhot js karlhky tch sagh aie tch omurts cavh trhathe suoc kmsshs scakk nh njiejil

okaushs as nhjil syimiygmus wjtc bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaushs. Kmre Gustjkk stathe tcat tch omibkjot jichrhit ji rhjisuraioh, iaghky tch ihhe tm

avmje ai jivhstjlatjmi mb tch sagh jssuhs twjoh as alajist tch ihhe tm hisurh tcat tch jithlrjty mb tch rhjisurhrs narlaji js imt hrmehe ny ai alrhhghit

mvhr wcjoc ch cas im omitrmk, js hasjky gaialhe wchrh tch jisuraioh aie rhjisuraioh arh mi tch sagh thrgs aie tch partjhs arh hsshitjakky

om-aevhiturhrs. Uch prmnkhgs nhomgh gmrh aouth wchi tch thrgs mb pmkjojhs arh ejbbhrhit, sm tcat a okajg uiehr tch ejrhot pmkjoy gay imt rhqujrh tch

ehthrgjiatjmi mb ai jssuh oruojak tm kjanjkjty uiehr tch rhjisuraioh, mr tch rhjisuraioh js mb aimtchr rhjisurhr, at mih mr gmrh rhgmvh brmg tch ejrhot

omvhr.

Kmre Gustjkk stathe tcat tchrh arh miky twm rukhs, nmtc mb wcjoc arh mnvjmus. Uch bjrst js tcat tch rhjisurhr oaiimt nh chke kjankh uikhss tch kmss bakks nmtcwjtcji tch omvhr mb tch pmkjoy rhjisurhe aie wjtcji tch omvhr orhathe ny tch rhjisuraioh. Uch shomie js tcat tch partjhs arh brhh tm alrhh mi ways mb

prmvjil wchtchr tchsh rhqujrhghits arh satjsbjhe.

Ch whit mi tm ejstjilujsc tcjs oash brmg JOAv. _OM^mi tch lrmuies tcat tch bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush ji ejsputh ji tcjs oash sphojbjoakky rhqujrhe

okajgs uiehr tch mutwares rhjisuraioh tm nh wjtcji tch thrgs aie omiejtjmis mb tch mrjljiak pmkjojhs aie tch mutwares rhjisuraioh. Aktcmulc ch stathe

tcat tch iughrmus varjatjmis mb tchsh okaushs aie tchjr ejbbhrjil appkjoatjmi uiehr ejbbhrhit typhs mb rhjisuraioh omitraots ga`h jt omibusjil aie

brujtkhss tm kay emwi lhihrak prjiojpkhs, sm tcat haoc omitraot scmuke nh omisjehrhe shparathky, tch baot js tcat tch okaushs arh nrmaeky sjgjkar aie jb

jioapankh mb nhjil khlakky ejstjilujscankh tch prjiojpkhs kaje emwi ji prhvjmus duelghits wjkk mnvjmusky nh appkjhe. Uch Cmush mb Kmres aksm gaeh jt

anuieaitky okhar tcat hvhry wmrejil cae tm nh omisjehrhe sphojbjoakky mi jts thrgs aie ghrjts, aie tcat tch apprmaoc mb tch Omurt mb Apphak, wcjoc cae

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >6666?W Kkmyes ^hp. J^ 2:2.

Jt js prmnanky omrrhot tm say tcat tch shomie mb tch prmvjsms ji JOA v. _OM^rhgajis jgpmrtait wchrh jisuraioh aie rhjisuraioh alrhhghits arh wmrehe

ejbbhrhitky ji aiy sjlijbjoait rhsphot, mr wchrh tchy arh imt jithiehe tm nh nao`-tm-nao`. Mi aiy jithrprhtatjmi tch ejstjiotjmi erawi ji JOA v. _OM^

nhtwhhi quhstjmis mb baot aie quhstjmis mb kaw rhgajis jitaot, sm tcat aiy rhjisurhr js hitjtkhe tm arluh tcat as a gatthr mb kaw tch okajg emhs imt bakk

wjtcji tch pmkjoy mb rhjisuraioh. _hh paralrapc (o) ji ihxt shotjmi, nhkmw.

OAI UCH ^HJI_X^HE EHOJEH \CAU \JKK NHNJIEJIL MI ^HJI_X^H^_=Mih pmssjnjkjty wmuke nh tm rhgmvh akk rjlcts brmg tch rhjisurhr tm quhry aiy okajg, wcjoc wmuke ljvh rjsh tm ohrtajity bmr tchrhjisurhe aie jijtjakky rhbkhot tch trust mb tch rhjisurhr ji tch rhjisurhes lmme bajtc, nusjihss aoughi aie uiehrwrjtjil anjkjty, nutphrcaps aksm tm nae bhhkjil nhtwhhi tch partjhs ji tch hvhit mb uihxphothe kmsshs tchrhny khaejil tm a pmssjnkh thrgjiatjmi mb tchjromgghrojak rhkatjmiscjp. Ihvhrtchkhss, tcjs cas nhhi atthgpthe, usjil okaushs wcjoc hitjtkh tch rhjisurhe tm rhjgnurshghit ji rhsphotmb okajgs wcjoc arh shttkhe wjtcmut aiy strjot khlak mnkjlatjmi mr mi ai hx lratja nasjs (shh Cjsomxv. Mutcwajth (Im. ?), anmvh).Aimtchr varjatjmi mi tcjs tchgh js sjgpky tm stath tcat tch rhjisurhr wjkk bmkkmw aiy shttkhghits wchtchr tchy arh gaeh ny tchrhjisurhe uiehr aiy kjanjkjty mr imt.

(a) Ucjs was atthgpthe ji Ocargai v. L^Hji wcjoc Ocargai rhjisurhe wjtc L^H uiehr a baouktatjvh skjp pmkjoy wcjoc prmvjehe tcat L^H wmuke

bmkkmw tch shttkhghits mb Ocargai wchtchr kjankh mr imt kjankh. Ocargai alrhhe tm shttkh wjtc tch jisurhe mi tch nasjs mb a kmss aedusthrs

rhomgghieatjmi. L^H ejsputhe kjanjkjty aie aktcmulc jithrkmoutmry, tch gatthr was trhathe as jb at bukk trjak, nut wjtcmut guoc mb tch ihohssaryhvjehioh.

Eje tch aeejtjmiak wmres wchtchr kjankh mr imt kjankh cavh aiy jgpaot upmi L^Hs mnkjlatjmi tm bmkkmw tch shttkhghits mb Gr Ocargai= JOA v.

_OM^ehthrgjihs tcat tch rhjisurhr wjkk nh mnkjlhe tm jiehgijby a rhjisurhe wcm cas shttkhe wjtc tch assurhe ji a nusjihsskj`h bascjmi, hvhi tcmulc jt

sunshquhitky traispjrhs tcat tch rhjisurhe was imt kjankh. Vrjga baojh, tchrhbmrh, tch wmres wchtchr mr imt kjankh cavh im rhak ghaijil, hxohpt

phrcaps tm ehkhth aiy ohrtajity as tm tch rhjisurhes mnkjlatjmis uiehr tch omitraot. Jt js pmssjnkh, aktcmulc cmphbukky uikj`hky, tcat a kauiery njkk shttkhe

ny tch rhjisurhe as part mb tch alrhhe shttkhghit wjtc tch jisurhe wmuke bakk wjtcji tcjs oathlmry. Um avmje tcjs omiokusjmi, Ocargai arluhe tcat tch

aeejtjmi mb tch pcrash wchtchr kjankh mr imt kjankh cae tch hbbhot mb rhgmvjil tch rhjisurhes mnkjlatjmi tm aot ji a nusjihsskj`h bascjmi wchi shttkjil

wjtc tch assurhe, ji a sjgjkar way tm (aie prheatjil) nut imt aiakyshe nhbmrh tch omurt tch ejrhotjmi mb Hvais D. ji Cjsomxv. Mutcwajth (Im. ?), j.h. tcat

jb jt arluanky omuke cavh nhhi paje, tchi tcat was subbjojhit. Uch kmljoak omishquhioh mb tcjs was tcat uiehr suoc wmrejil tch rhjisurhr wmuke nh kjankh

tm jiehgijby tch rhjisurhe bmr aiy payghit gaeh ny cjg, hvhi tcmulc `imwi tm nh hx lratja. Uch duelh pkajiky tcmulct tcat tcjs arlughit was imt

thiankh, aie tcat a nhtthr jithrprhtatjmi mb tch aeejtjmiak wmres was tcat tchy okarjbjhe, wjtcmut aeejil aiytcjil tm mr quakjbyjil, tch rhjisurhrs

mnkjlatjmi tm bmkkmw shttkhghits. Cmwhvhr, tch duelh eje imt ihhe tm rhaoc a omiokuehe vjhw mi tcjs pmjit, as tchrh was im hvjehioh tcat Ocargai cae

shttkhe mtchr tcai ji a nusjihsskj`h bascjmi. Ji hbbhot, tchrhbmrh, tchsh wmres ghai imtcjil. Uch rhjisurhe wjkk stjkk cavh tm nh arluanky kjankh uiehr tch

jisuraioh, wcjoc wmuke imt jiokueh a kauiery njkk. ^hgmvjil mih mb tch `hy ehbjijil paraghthrs tm tch omkkhotjmi mb rjs`s tcat tch rhjisurhe omuke pass

tm tch rhjisurhrtcat mb tch kjanjkjty mb tch rhjisurhe tm tch jisurhewas imt aie oai ihvhr nh tch aiswhr.

(n) JiNrmwiv. LJM P1::3W Kkmyes ^hp. J^ >61 a okaush hitjtkjil tch rhjisurhe tm nh tch smkh duelh mb wcat omistjtuthe mih rjs` mr mih hvhit was

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >6661 sjtuatjmi, wcjoc tch omurt wmuke imt hibmroh mi tch nasjs tcat jts mwi

durjsejotjmi was musthe. Ucus tch ehojsjmi mb a gar`ht gai omuke miky nh attao`he jb jt whrh uirhasmiankh, wcjoc wmuke imt nh scmwi ghrhky ny tch

baot tcat tch omurt wmuke ta`h mr cae ta`hi a ejbbhrhit vjhw. Uch rhasmiankhihss js ehthrgjihe as at tch tjgh tch ehojsjmi js gaeh, aie js appkjhe tm tch

quhstjmi tcat js nhjil aeerhsshe. Uch ehojsjmi oai nh wrmil nut jb rhasmiankh aie gaeh ji lmme bajtc jt wjkk staie0 jt js miky jb tch wrmil quhstjmi js

aeerhsshe tcat jt oai nh attao`he.

(o) Ji Assjourazjmij Lhihrakj _pA v. OLX Jithriatjmiak Jisuraioh pko P>66?W H\CO 16

8/10/2019 1. Follow the Settlements Andfollow the Fortunes

7/9

wjtcji tch uiehrkyjil jisuraioh omitraot nut aksm wchtchr tch okajg uiehr tch rhjisuraioh pmkjoy bakks prmphrky wjtcji tch somph mb tcat pmkjoy. Xsjil

tch pcrash wjtcmut quhstjmi ta`hs tch gatthr im burtchr. Uch wmres wjtcmut quhstjmi em imt ehsorjnh mr quakjby wcat tch rhjisurhrs cavh alrhhe tm

bmkkmw, iaghky Ptch rhjisurhesW shttkhghits, nut ratchr cmw mr tch gaiihr ji wcjoc tchy arh rhqujrhe tm bmkkmw tch shttkhghits (para 85). wchrh

rhjisurhrs cavh nmuie tchgshkvhs tm a omitraot mb rhjisuraioh (ji partjoukar a baouktatjvh mr prmpmrtjmiak omitraot mb rhjisuraioh, imt bmr hxagpkh

hxohss mb kmss) omitajijil ai uiquakjbjhe bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush ji ojrougstaiohs wchrh tch omitraot mb jisuraioh aie rhjisuraioh arh

omisojmusky nao`-tm-nao`, tch rhjisurhrs cavh alrhhe tcat, jb ny aegjssjmi mr omgprmgjsh tch jisurhrs aoohpt kjanjkjty uiehr tch omitraot mb jisuraioh

mi a nasjs wcjoc, jb vakje, bakks wjtcji tch rjs`s omvhrhe ny tch omitraot mb rhjisuraioh as a gatthr mb kaw, tchy wjkk bmkkmw tcat shttkhghit. A bmrtjmrj, jb

ny aegjssjmi mr omgprmgjsh mb kjanjkjty tch jisurhrs shttkh ai jssuh omiohrijil tch somph aie appkjoatjmi mb tch omitraot mb jisuraioh, tch rhjisurhrs

scmuke imt nh hitjtkhe tm rajsh tch sagh jssuh mi tch sagh thrgs aknhjt tcjs tjgh uiehr tch omitraot mb rhjisuraioh. _undhot as anmvh, tch rhjisurhrs cavh

tm tcat hxthit omisojmusky hitrusthe tchjr kjanjkjtjhs tm tch jisurhrs (para 8?). Ucus tch wmres wjtcmut quhstjmi hgpcasjsh tch baot tcat jt js assughe

ny nmtc partjhs tcat akk prmphr aie nusjihsskj`h sthps wmuke nh ta`hi aie tcat rhjisurhrs wmuke nh nmuie ny aiy aegjssjmi mb kjanjkjty uiehr tch

jisuraioh aie jgpmrthe jitm tch rhjisuraioh.

(jj)Omurt mb Apphak

Uch omurt upchke tch ehojsjmi aie jts ratjmiakh ji tch Omgghrojak Omurt. Ji hsshioh tch jssuh rhgajihe tch hxthit tm wcjoc tch shomie _OM^prmvjsm

hitjtkhe tch rhjisurhr tm ejsputh jts kjanjkjty ji nao`-tm-nao` rhjisuraioh ji rhsphot mb jssuhs akrhaey ehthrgjihe ny tch rhjisurhe uiehr tch mrjljiak

pmkjoy.

Mih arlughit put bmrware ny tch rhjisurhe rhkathe tm tch pcjkmsmpcy mb bmkkmw tch shttkhghit okaushs, iaghky tcat tchy avmjehe guktjpkh okajgs

hiqujrjhs, sjgpkjbjhe aie aoohkhrathe okajgs prmoheurhs, aie rheuohe tch pmssjnjkjty mb ejsputh nhtwhhi jisurhrs aie rhjisurhrs. Uch omurt chke tcat tcjs

straie mb pralgatjo pcjkmsmpcy was omuithrhe ny ai mppmsjil straie, tcat jehitjbjhe ji Cjkkv. Ghroaitjkh & Lhihrakas tch rjlct mb tch rhjisurhr imt tm

pay mut bmr shttkhghits wcjoc gjlct imt bakk wjtcji cjs narlaji wjtc tch rhjisurhe, aie mvhr wcjoc ch cas im omitrmk.

Uch omurt rhvjhwhe tch rhjisurhes sungjssjmi tcat a rhjisurhr hbbhotjvhky omuke miky rhbush tm jiehgijby tch rhjisurhe ji a nao`-tm-nao` prmlraggh jb

tch rhjisurhe cae imt shttkhe prmphrky aie ji a nmia bjeh aie nusjihsskj`h gaiihr. Uch hkhghit mb omilruhioh nhtwhhi tch twm omitraots ghait tcat tch

rhjisurhrs omuke imt rh-mphi jssuhs ji tch ejrhot pmkjoy wcjoc ny ehbjijtjmi appharhe ny autmgatjo traisbhr jitm tch rhjisuraioh, uikhss tchrh was

smghtcjil ji tch rhjisuraiohaie tchrhbmrh imt wjtcji tch jisuraiohwcjoc hitjtkhe tch rhjisurhr tm em sm. Uch omurt ejsalrhhe wjtc tch rhjisurhes

prmpmsjtjmi. Jt upchke Cjsomxaie stathe tcat4

Uch rhjisurhrs whrh nmuie ny rhasmiankh shttkhghits mb kjanjkjty aie quaitug uiehr tch mrjljiak pmkjoy0

Uch rhjisurhe eje imt cavh tm prmvh tcat jt was mndhotjvhky aotuakky aie jiomitrmvhrtjnky kjankh uiehr tch mrjljiak pmkjoy(nhoaush suoc ai mnkjlatjmi wmuke hitjtkh rhjisurhrs tm rh-mphi omvhralh jssuhs aie rhgmvh tch omgghrojak purpmsh mb tchbmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush), ghrhky tcat jt was arluanky kjankh0

Uch rhjisurhe emhs imt cavh tm scmw tcat tch shttkhe okajg bakks wjtcji tch rjs`s omvhrhe ny tch rhjisuraioh, ghrhky tcat jtarluanky emhs sm0 aie

Uch rhjisurhr oai rhqujrh tch rhjisurhe tm scmw tcat tch nasjs mi wcjoc ch shttkhe was mih wcjoc bhkk wjtcji tch thrgs mb tchrhjisuraioh as a gatthr mb kaw mr arluanky eje sm.

Uch oash omibjrgs tcat a rhjisurhe ankh tm scmw tcat ch was arluanky kjankh mi tch baots aie tch kaw aie cas aothe rhasmianky aie prmphrky ji shttkjil

wjkk nh hitjtkhe tm payghit uiehr tch rhjisuraioh, aie tcat tch rhjisurhr oai tchi miky quhry wchtchr tch rhjisurhe cas aotuakky emih sm.

Uch omurt aksm kmm`he at tch jgpaot mb twm mtchr pcrashs wjtcji tch okaush wcjoc ehakt wjtc hxohptjmis tm tch bmkkmw shttkhghits mnkjlatjmi mi tch nasjs

tcat shttkhghits whrh hx lratja aie wjtcmut prhduejoh. Gaiy shttkhghits arh hbbhothe mi tcjs nasjs, hjtchr nhoaush a ehak oai nh emih at a lmme prjoh bmr

tch jisurhr wchi vjhwhe alajist tch uirhomvhrankh omsts aie uiohrtajity mb kjtjlatjmi. Uchrh js akways a ocaioh tcat ai apparhitky strmil (mr wha`)oash oai nh rhvhrshe ny tch aotuak hvjehioh mb a wjtihss uiehr ormss-hxagjiatjmi, mr tch baot tcat tch omurt emhs imt nhkjhvh mih wjtihss tm nh orhejnkh,

wcathvhr ch gay cavh jitjgathe ji cjs wrjtthi wjtihss stathghit, mr emoughits gay omgh tm kjlct kath ji tch eay. _httkhghits gay nh alrhhe at a

iujsaioh vakuh, hjtchr tm avmje omsts mr eagalh tm rhputatjmi.

Ai arluankh kjanjkjty mi tch part mb tch rhjisurhe rhgmvhs jt brmg tch oathlmry mb hx lratja jitm tch oathlmry mb payghits bmr wcjoc rhjisurhrs arh

kjankh. A truh hx lratja payghit wcjoc cas im pmssjnkh kjanjkjty wmuke imt nh omvhrhe ny hjtchr tch jisuraioh mr tch rhjisuraioh, aie rhjisurhrs wmuke

tchrhbmrh imt nh kjankh. As jiejoathe anmvh, tch wmres wjtcmut quhstjmi aie hx lratja hgpcasjsh tch baot tcat jt js assughe ny nmtc partjhs tcat akk

prmphr aie nusjihsskj`h sthps wmuke nh ta`hi ji asohrtajijil kmss aie kjanjkjty. Uch baot tcat jt gay kathr turi mut tcat tch rhjisurhe was ji baot imt

uiehr aiy kjanjkjty tm pay wjkk ga`h im ejbbhrhioh tm tch kjanjkjty mr rhjisurhrs0 tch pmsjtjmi js vjhwhe as at tch eath mb tch payghit ny tch rhjisurhe.

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >6666?, ji wcjoc a bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush was ji staieare thrgs nut hxprhsskyhxokuehe \jtcmut Vrhduejoh aie Hx-Lratja _httkhghits gaeh ny tch Mrjljiak Xiehrwrjthrs arjsjil mut mb aie ji omiihotjmi wjtc tchMrjljiak Jisuraioh. Abthr smgh arlughit tch rhjisurhe shttkhe a sunstaitjak okajg wjtc a bukk aie bjiak shttkhghit ny way mb aomgprmgjsh wjtcmut prhduejoh tm mr wajvhr tm tch partjhs pmsjtjmis, wcjoc was imt tm nh omistruhe as ai aegjssjmi mb omvhralh.Uch rhjisurhrs rhbushe tm pay mut aie tch gatthr whit tm tch Omgghrojak Omurt as a prhkjgjiary jssuh, wchrh tch duelh chke tcat tchwmre _httkhghit ghait aiy njiejil alrhhghit, imt dust tch bmrgak emoughit (jh jt omuke jiokueh tch uiehrkyjil nasjs mb tch

shttkhghit) mr aiytcjil wcjoc omuke nh kathr rhomisjehrhe, aie a \jtcmut Vrhduejoh shttkhghit armsh wchrh tchrh was im aegjssjmimb kjanjkjty. Jb tch rhjisurhe whrh imt prhparhe tm aegjt kjanjkjty tm tch jisurhe, tchi tch rhjisurhrs whrh hitjtkhe tm jisjst tcat tchrhjisurhe prmvh tcat jt was uiehr a kjanjkjty uiehr tch jisuraioh pmkjoy nhbmrh tchy whrh rhqujrhe tm pay. Akthriatjvhky tch rhjisurheomuke jivhstjlath tch okajg ji aoomreaioh wjtc tch _OM^ prmvjsms aie aegjt kjanjkjty tm tch hxthit tcat jt omuke, tchrhny nrjiljiljtshkb wjtcji tch bmkkmw tch shttkhghits okaush. Ji tcjs oash tch okaush was hxprhsshe ji okhar thrgs wcjoc stathe tcat tch rhjisurhrswmuke imt nh kjankh bmr a \jtcmut Vrhduejoh shttkhghit, wcjoc tcjs okharky was. Burtchr, tch omurt omuke imt nh phrsuaehe tm kmm`mutsjeh tch bmur omrihrs mb tch aotuak alrhhghit, nhoaush jt omitajihe wcat was hbbhotjvhky ai hitjrh alrhhghit okaush. ^hjisurhesscmuke try tm avmje tch jiokusjmi mb a okaush wcjoc hxokuehs wjtcmut prhduejoh shttkhghits, partjoukarky ljvhi tcat jt wjkk mbthi jiokuehtcjs pcrash tm gjijgjsh jts mwi kmss wjtc mnvjmus nhihbjts tm rhjisurhrs nut wjtc pmthitjak ejsnhihbjts tm jtshkb. Jrmijoakky, tch rhjisurhegjlct nh nhtthr mbb aegjttjil kjanjkjty ji mrehr tm gaxgjsh jts mwi rhomvhry.

Uch rhjisurhr scmuke aksm ta`h oarh tm ehbjih aiy ojrougstaiohs as tm wcjoc ch rhqujrhs imtjbjoatjmi, aie tch ehbjijtjmi mb kmss.Uch quhstjmi mb wchtchr tch rhjisurhe cae omgpkjhe wjtc jts imtjbjoatjmi rhqujrhghit as tm kmss, wcjoc appharhe tm nh a omiejtjmiprhohehit aie upmi ejsocarlh wmuke hiankh tch rhjisurhrs tm omitrmk tch okajg, was omisjehrhe ny tch Omurt mb Apphak ji ^myak &_ui Akkjaioh Jisuraioh Vkov. EmrimocP>668W Kkmyes ^hp. J^ 855ji tch omithxt mb a okajg alajist ejrhotmrs bmr eagalhs ji rhsphot

mb mvhrvakuhe stmo`, aie tchioh ai jiehgijty uiehr a Ejrhotmrs & Mbbjohrs Kjanjkjty Jisuraioh pmkjoy. Uch rhjisurhe was rhqujrhe tmaevjsh tch rhjisurhr upmi `imwkhelh mb aiy kmss tcat gay ljvh rjsh tm a okajg, aie mih jssuh was wchtchr tch kmss was tcat mb tchjisurhe, tch okajgait alajist tch jisurhe mr tch rhjisurhe. Uch omurt saje tcat kmss gust ghai ai aotuak kmss, wcjoc ghais hjtchr aprmvhi kmss mr a kmss tcat js mnvjmusky a kmss (hl nhoaush tch vakuh mb tch stmo` cas bakkhi sm guoc tcat tchrh gust nh a kmss, aietchrhbmrh gmrh tcai sjgpky a okajghe mr akkhlhe kmss), aie aktcmulc a pmssjnkh omiokusjmi jt omuke nh `imwi uitjk hstankjsche. Ji tcjsoash tch scarh prjoh bakk omuke cavh nhhi a iaturak gar`ht bkuotuatjmi. Mioh hstankjsche tcat tch kmss cae tm nh aotuak, tch rhjisurheomuke imt cavh cae `imwkhelh mb aiy kmss uitjk tchrh was ai alrhhghit mr aware alajist tch jisurhe.

Ucjs oash was bmkkmwhe ji AJL Hurmph (Jrhkaie) Kte v. Baraeay Oapjtak Kte P>6666668W 1 Kkmyes ^hp. 5:5ji wcjoc ai jisurhe omuke imt rhomvhr ny rhkyjil mi a shttkhghit mb jisurhe aie uijisurhekmsshs wjtcmut hvjehioh mb okhar akkmoatjmi nhtwhhi tch twm, js hbbhotjvhky mb kjgjthe vakuh ji tch kjlct mb jts trhiocait duejojakorjtjojsg. Ji tcjs oash tch omurt chke tcat suoc ai arlughit omuke imt appky tm a rhjisuraioh okajg jivmkvjil a bmkkmw tch shttkhghits

okaush. Jt aksm saje tcat jb ihohssary hxtrjisjo hvjehioh omuke nh ushe ny tch rhjisurhe tm hxpkaji tch attrjnutjmi nhtwhhi jisurhe aieuijisurhe okajgs, wcjoc wmuke shhg tm hie tch kjbh mb tcjs typh mb arlughit.

Jt wjkk nh okhar brmg tch anmvh, aie brmg mtchr rhohit duelghits, tcat okaushs autcmrjsjil mih party tm tch rhjisuraioh omitraot tmga`h ehojsjmis njiejil tch mtchr, cmwhvhr okhar mr whkk-erabthe tchy gay apphar tm nh, arh rarhky brhh brmg ejspuths as tmjithrprhtatjmi. Ljvjil ai jisurhr oarth nkaioch tm ehojeh akk jssuhs rhkhvait tm jts omitraots mb jisuraioh aie rhjisuraioh aie tchrhnyrhgmvjil aiy anjkjty mb tch rhjisurhr tm rajsh aiy jssuh anmut tch rhjisurhes shttkhghits shhgs whkk ijlc jgpmssjnkh, ehspjth tchsullhstjmi mb Kmre Gustjkk tcat tch ghtcmes mb prmvjil kmssaie tchrhbmrh tcat anjkjty mb tch rhjisurhrs tm quhstjmi aiy asphot mb tcatkmssarh oapankh mb nhjil alrhhe ny tch partjhs, ji a way tcat ga`hs tch rjlcts mb haoc party subbjojhitky okhar tm prhokueh aiy ihhe tmlm tm tch omurts bmr okarjbjoatjmi. Uch rhakjty nhcjie akk mb tchsh okaushs js tcat tchy whrh atthgpts tm vhst gmrh ejsorhtjmi ji tchrhjisurhe aie rhgmvh tch rhjisurhrs rjlct tm quhstjmi, aie yht rhsukthe ji gmrh trjps tm omurt bmkkmwjil tch rhbusak mb tch rhjisurhrs tmpay. Uch omurts cavh sm bar rhsjkhe brmg vhstjil ji tch rhjisurhe tch ejsorhtjmi wcjoc tch partjhs okharky jithiehe nut phrcaps tcrmulc

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >66665W H\OA Ojv 2>> a thrg ji tch rhjisuraioh skjp as tm tch ehsorjptjmi mb tch rjs` was chke ny tch Omurt

mb Apphak tm nh a warraity nhoaush jt whit tm tch rmmt mb tch traisaotjmi aie was ehsorjptjvh mb aie gathrjakky nmrh mi tch rhjisurhe rjs`, aie akk tch

gmrh sm nhoaush tch rhjisurhrs cae imt shhi tch uiehrkyjil pmkjoy wmrejil. A shomie arlughit was put bmrware tm tch hbbhot tcat tch Bukk ^hjisuraioh

OkaushNhjil a rhjisuraioh mb aie warraithe sagh lrmss rath, thrgs aie omiejtjmis as aie tm bmkkmw tch shttkhghits mb tch PrhjisurheW.was ai

hxprhss warraity tcat tch thrgs mb tch jisuraioh aie rhjisuraioh whrh jehitjoak. Uch Omgghrojak Omurt cae rhdhothe tch rhjisurhrs omithitjmi tm tcjs

hbbhot, aie tch Omurt mb Apphak sphojbjoakky hxprhsshe im vjhw mi tcjs ejbbjoukt jssuh, wcjoc cae prhvjmusky arjshi as a gjimrjty/ejsshitjil vjhw ji

tch bmrg mb Kmre Lrjbbjtcs sphhoc ji tch Cmush mb Kmres ehojsjmi ji Rhstav. NutochrP1:3:W A.O. 38>. \cjkst bajkjil tm lrasp tch ihttkh aie ta`h tch

gatthr burtchr, tch hxprhss rhshrvatjmi mb tch pmsjtjmi gay nh a sjliak tcat tch phrohptjmi mb tch jiomrpmratjil hbbhot mb tch bukk rhjisuraioh pmsjtjmi js

jiomrrhot aie mphi tm rhvjhw aie ocailh.

(Ji Halkh _tar v. Orhsswhkk P>66?W H\CO >>>5 (Omgg) a nhspm h okajgs ommphratjmi okaush was omisjehrhe ny tch omurts mi bmur shparathmooasjmis.)

BMKKM\ UCH BM^UXIH_Gmrh omggmiky ushe ji tch Xijthe _taths mb Aghrjoa, tch bmkkmw tch bmrtuihs okaush mbthi rhaes as bmkkmws4

Jt js alrhhe tcat ji akk tcjils omgjil wjtcji tch somph mb tcjs alrhhghit tch rhjisurhr scakk bmkkmw, tm tch hxthit mb jts jithrhst, tch bmrtuihs mb tch

rhjisurhe.

Uch omurts mb tch Xijthe _taths cavh thiehe tm hquath bmkkmw tch bmrtuihs wjtc bmkkmw tch shttkhghits aie tch usuak prmnkhgsarjsh, partjoukarky ji rhkatjmi tm hx lratja payghits aie aksm tm tcmsh payghits wchrh tchrh gay nh smgh omiohri mvhr tch kjanjkjty mbtch rhjisurhe tm jiehgijby tch jisurhe. Ji Aghrjoai Jisuraioh Omv. Imrtc Aghrjoai Omgpaiy bmr Vrmphrty aie Oasuakty Jisuraioh ,2:< B >e ) tch omurt chke tcat tch kjanjkjty mb tch rhjisurhr was hbbhotjvhky sjgjkar tm tch mnkjlatjmis jiJOA v. _OM^, sm tcat apayghit ji rhsphot mb wcjoc tch rhjisurhe cas im kjanjkjty tm pay tch jisurhe, wjkk imt rhsukt ji ai jiehgijty uiehr tch rhjisuraioh. Arhjisurhe gust aot cmihstky aie arrjvh at aiy shttkhghit ji a prmphr aie nusjihsskj`h gaiihr bmr tch okajg tm nh passhe mi tm tchrhjisurhr.

A LXJEH UM HJI_X^AIOH KA\ - 1st Hejtjmi, >66