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Fig. 18.1
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Monocyte
Platelets
Smalllymphocyte
Neutrophil
Largelymphocyte
Basophil
Smalllymphocyte
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Erythrocyte
Young (band)neutrophil
Monocyte
Neutrophil
2
Fig. 18.2
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Withdrawblood
Centrifuge
Plasma(55% of whole blood)
Formedelements
Erythrocytes(45% of whole blood)
Buffy coat: leukocytesand platelets(<1% of whole blood)
3
Table 18.2
4
Table 18.3
5
Fig. 18.4 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Surface view
Sectional view(a)
(c)
Capillarywall
Erythrocytes
(b)
7.5 µm
2.0 µm
7 µm
b: ©Susumu Nishinaga/Getty Images; c: ©Dr. Don W. Fawcett/Visuals Unlimited
6
Fig. 18.5
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(b)
Beta Alpha
Beta
Hemegroups
Alpha(a)
CH3 CH CH2
C C
HC C C CH
CH3 CC N
C C CH3
CH2 CC N
C C CH CH2
CH2
COOHHC C C CH
C
CH2 CH3
CH2
COOH
N Fe N
C
7
Fig. 18.6
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Hemopoieticstem cell
Colony-formingunit (CFU)
Precursorcells
Maturecell
Erythrocyte CFU Erythroblast Reticulocyte Erythrocyte
8
Fig. 18.7
8 Remaining transferrin is distributedto other organs where Fe2+ is usedto make hemoglobin, myoglobin, etc.
7
6
5
1
2
3
Fe2+ binds toapoferritinto be storedas ferritin
In liver, some transferrinreleases Fe2+ for storage
In blood plasma,Fe2+ binds to transferrin
Ferritin
Apoferritin
Blood plasma
Transferrin
Mixture of Fe2+ andFe3+ is ingested
Stomach acidconverts Fe3+
to Fe2+
Gastroferritin
Fe2+ binds togastroferritin
4 Gastroferritin transportsFe2+ to small intestine andreleases it for absorption
Fe2+
Fe3+
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
9
Fig. 18.8 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Sensed by liver and kidneys
Hypoxemia(inadequate O2 transport)
IncreasedO2 transport
IncreasedRBC count
Acceleratederythropoiesis
Secretion oferythropoietin
Stimulation ofred bone marrow
10
Fig. 18.9 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Small intestine
Amino acidsIron Folic acidVitamin B12
Nutrientabsorption
Erythropoiesis inred bone marrow
Erythrocytescirculate for
120 days
Expired erythrocytesbreak up in liver and spleen
Cell fragmentsphagocytized
Hemoglobindegraded
Hydrolyzed to freeamino acids
Heme
Biliverdin
Bilirubin
Bile
Feces
Storage Reuse Loss bymenstruation,
injury, etc.
Globin
Iron
11
Table 18.5
12
Fig. 18.13
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Antibodies (agglutinins)
13
Fig. 18.16
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Rh– mother
Anti-Dantibody
SecondRh+ fetus
Rhantigen
Rh+ fetus
Uterus
(c) Second pregnancy(b) Between pregnancies(a) First pregnancy
Amniotic sacand chorion
Placenta
14
Fig. 18.17Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
©SIU/Science Source
Nucleus
Lysosomes
5 µm
15
Table 18.6a
16
Table 18.6b
17
Fig. 18.18Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Hemopoieticstem cell
Colony-formingunits (CFUs)
Precursorcells
Maturecells
Eosinophilicmyeloblast
EosinophilicCFU
Eosinophilicpromyelocyte
Eosinophilicmyelocyte
Eosinophil
BasophilicCFU
Basophilicmyeloblast
Basophilicpromyelocyte
Basophilicmyelocyte
Basophil
NeutrophilicCFU
Neutrophilicmyeloblast
Neutrophilicpromyelocyte
Neutrophilicmyelocyte
Neutrophil
MonocyticCFU
Monoblast Promonocyte Monocyte
LymphocyticCFU
Lymphoblast
NK prolymphocyte
B lymphocyte
T lymphocyte
B prolymphocyte
T prolymphocyte
NK cell
18
Fig. 18.19 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
a: ©Ed Reschke; b: ©Leonard Lessin/Photo Researchers/Getty Images
Platelets
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophils
Erythrocytes
(a)
(b) 75 µm
19
Fig. 18.20Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
a: ©NIBSC/Science Photo Library/Science Source
Megakaryocyte
Pseudopod
Granules
Opencanalicularsystem
Mitochondria
2 µm
Bloodflow
Endothelium
Sinusoid ofbone marrow
Platelets
Proplatelets
RBC
WBC
(a)
(b)
20
Fig. 18.21
Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
(a) Vascular spasm
Vasoconstriction
Plateletplug
Bloodclot
Collagenfibers
(c) Coagulation(b) Platelet plug formation
Vesselinjury
Platelet
Endothelialcells
21
Fig. 18.22 Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
©P. Motta/SPL/Science Source
Extrinsic mechanism Intrinsic mechanism
PlateletsFactor XII
Damagedperivascular
tissues
Thromboplastin(factor III)
Factor VII Antihemophiliacfactor A
InactiveFactor XI(active)
Factor IX(active) Inactive
Ca2+, PF3
Factor VIII(active)
Inactive
Liver
Factor X(active)
Inactive
Factor IIIFactor VCa2+
PF3
Prothrombinactivator Factor V
Blood clot
Factor XIIICa2+
Fibrinpolymer
Thrombin
FibrinFibrinogen(factor I)
Prothrombin(factor II)
Ca2+
22
Fig. 18.23Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
FactorXII
FactorXI
FactorIX
FactorVIII
FactorX
Prothrombinactivator
Thrombin
Fibrin
Rea
ctio
n c
asca
de
(tim
e)
23
Fig. 18.24Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Prekallikrein
FactorXII
Kallikrein Positivefeedback
loop
PlasminPlasminogen
Fibrinpolymer
Clot dissolution
Fibrin degradationproducts