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Executing Agency : U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)Consortium & Counterparts

- KOREA: MOTIE, POSTECH, DAEWOO construction Co., KEC Systems- GHANA: Ministry of Trade & Industry, Kwame Nkrumah Univ. of Sci. & Tech. (KNUST) – The Energy Center (TEC)

Project Duration: 2012.12 ~ 2015.11

Supporting green industrial development in Ghana: Biogas technology and business

for sustainable growth

Professor SEOKHWAN HWANGSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering

POSTECH

Current Research Overview

Feasibility Study

POSTECH

Research Group (B.E.S.T)

Evaluation Guideline (KETEP)

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Table of Contents

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1. Current Research Overview

Scale-up of Biogas (BG) Process

[Pilot, 13~200 m3]

[Pilot, 30 ton/d]

[Full, 7,000 m3]

[Lab (Continuous)]

Treatability studyOptimization studyBio-kinetic study

[Lab (Batch)]

Optimization studyBio-kinetic studyFactor analysis

Performance evalutionEconomic (cost-benefit) analy-sis

Stable performance!

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1. Current Research Overview

Microbial Analysis

Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Bio-kinetic study

0.0E+00

4.0E+07

8.0E+07

1.2E+08

1.6E+08

2.0E+08

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Time (days)

16S

rRN

A g

ene

(cop

y/m

L)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

(m3/

ton)

or (

100

mg/

L)

Archaea

TVFA

Biogas

Schematic Diagram of Research

Reactor OperationData analysis

Physicochemical components- pH , ALK, (S)COD , Solids - TC, (S)TKN, Ammonia , Lipid, VFAs, Ions- Biogas production & Quality (G.C)

Biological components- DGGE (qualitative analysis) - QPCR (quantitative analysis)

Start-up- Seeding: 1% gvs/gvs (F/M ratio: 100)

Operating conditions- Reactor: Batch, 6L working volume- Number of reactor: 4 trials- Mixing : Complete Mixing

with RT6, RPM = 120- Temperature: 35℃- pH: 7.0

Slaughterhouse sample

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1. Current Research Overview

Sampling (Slaughterhouse)

Pretreatment and Reactor operation

Waste production　 heads/day waste/head waste/day

Cattle 250 23 kg 5.75 tons Pigs 25 10 kg 0.25 tons

Goats 25 5 kg 0.125 tons Total 6.1 25tons

Waste Characteristicsdry matter content 15%

volatile solids 84%

Biogas production

Methane yield per ton of VS 264 m3

Methane production per day 204 m3

Generator Energy content 　 10 kWh/m3 CH4

Energy production 　 2,037 kWhGenset electrical efficiency 30%

Electricity production 　 611.2 kWh/day Genset capacity (recommended ) 30 kW

Digester capacity 　Feedstock 6.1 tons/day

Dry matter content of the feedstock 15%Dry matter content of the digestate 12%

Volume 　 7.7m3/day

Retention time 　 15 days

Digestion volume 　 114.8m3 Head space in the digester 20 m3 Minimum digester volume 134.8 m3

<Table 1> Energy from biogas Potential of slaughter waste digestion at the Kumasi Abattoir (Aklaku, 2011))

Date 2013.03~07

LocationGumi, Gyeongsang bukdo, South Korea( 경북 구미시 원평동 77-1 번지 )

Pretreatment periods 2013. 7. 11 ~ 2013. 8. 22

Reactor operation 2013. 9. 13 ~

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Ch.4. Raw materials and supplies- Describe general availability of: Raw materials, Processed industrial materials and components, Factory supplies, Spare parts, Supplies for social and external needs

Ch.3. Summary of market analysis and marketing concept - Summarize results of marketing research: business environment, target market and market segmentation (consumer and product groups), channels of distribution, competition, life cycles (sector, product) - List annual data on demand (quantities, prices) and supplies (past, current and future demand and supplies) - Explain and justify the marketing strategies for achieving the project objectives and outline the marketing concept - Indicate projected marketing costs, elements of the projected sales programme and revenues (quantities, prices, market share etc.) - Describe impacts on: raw materials and supplies, location, the environment, the production programme, plant capacity and technology etc.

2. Feasibility Study

Ch.2. Summary of the project background and history - Name and address of project promoter, project background - Project objective and outline of the proposed basic project strategy, including geographical area and market share (domestic, export), cost leadership, differentiation, market niche - Economic and industrial policies supporting the project

Manual for the Preparation of Industrial Feasibility Studies (UNIDO, 1995)

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Ch.8. Human resources -Describe the socio-economic and cultural environment as related to significant project requirements, as well as human resources availability, recruitment and training needs, and the reasons for the employment of foreign experts, to the extent required for the project

Ch.6. Engineering and technology - Outline of production programme and plant capacity - Describe and justify the technology selected, reviewing its availability and possible significant advantages or disadvantages, as well as the life cycle, transfer (absorption) of technology, training, risk control, costs, legal aspects etc. - Describe the layout and scope of the project - Summarize main plant items (equipment etc.), their availability and costs - Describe required major civil engineering works

2. Feasibility Study

Ch.5. Location, site and environment - Identify and describe location and plant site selected, including: Ecological and environmental impact, Socio-economic policies, incentives and constraints, Infrastructural conditions and environment

Ch.7. Organization and overhead costs - Describe basic organizational design and management and measures required

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Ch.10. Financial analysis and investment appraisal - Summary of criteria governing investment appraisal - Total investment costs: Land and site preparation, Structures and civil engineering works, Plant machinery and equipment, Auxiliary and service plant equipment, Incorporated fixed assets, Pre-production expenditures and capital costs, Net working capital requirements - Total costs of products sold: Operating costs, Depreciation charges, Marketing costs - Project financing: Source of finance, Impact of cost of financing and dept service on project proposal Public policy on financing - Investment appraisal (key data): Discounted cash flow (internal rate of return, net present value) Pay-off period, Yield generated on total capital invested and on equity capital, Yield for parties involved, as in joint venture projects Significant financial and economic impact on the national economy and environmental implications - Aspects of uncertainty, including critical variables, risks and possible strategies and means of risk management, probable future scenarios and possible impact on the financial feasibility of the investment project

2. Feasibility Study

Ch.9. Project implementation schedule - Indicate duration of plant erection and installation - Indicate duration of production start-up and running-in period

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2. Feasibility Study (Ghana BG Project)

- Ch.2. Summary of the project background and his-tory

- Ch.7. Organization and overhead costs

- Ch.9. Project implementa-tion schedule

Done Ongoing

-Ch.3. Summary of market analysis and marketing concept (Done?)

- Ch.4. Raw materials and supplies (Ghana, Korea)

- Ch.5. Location, site and environment (Ghana, Korea)

- Ch.6. Engineering and technology (Ghana, Korea)

- Ch.8. Human resources (UNIDO, Ghana, Korea)

- Ch.10. Financial analysis and investment appraisal (UNIDO, Ghana, Korea)

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3. POSTECH (Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Technol.)

Establishment 1986 (the first research-oriented university in Korea)

Undergraduate 11 Departments (4 Science & 7 Engineering)

Graduate 11 Departments, 4 Divisions, 5 Graduate Schools, 4 Specialized Graduate Schools

Research Units 73 (PAL and others)

Three basic tenets- Produce well-educated and trained future global leaders - Conduct pioneering research and development in science and engineering - Serve the nation and humanity through education, research, and commercialization with industry

Leading Research Oriented University

Year Rank

2013 1st/100 - THE 100 Under 50 Universities 2013

20121st/100 - THE 100 Under 50 Universities 2012 #50 - THE World University Rankings 2012

2011 #53 - THE World University Rankings 2011

2010 #28 - THE World University Rankings 2010

Rankings (The Times) Research Performance

* SCI papers per professor: Professors only in the field of science and technology.(Humanities and social science faculties excluded)

YearSCI

PapersTotal

Professors

SCI Papersper

Professor

2012 1,532 267 7.6

2011 1,583 265 6.3

2010 1,307 256 5.3

2009 1,394 248 5.8

2008 1,273 236 5.5

2007 1,053 231 4.6

(as of Apr. 2012)

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4. B.E.S.T. Laboratory(Bioengineers for Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory)

1. K. Cho, J. Lee, W. Kim, S. Hwang*, “Behavior of methanogens during start-up of farm-scale anaerobic digester treating swine wastewater”, Process Biochemistry, 2013, In revision (IF=2.627)

2. W. Kim, K. Cho, S. Lee, S. Hwang*, “Comparison of methanogenic community structure and anaerobic process performance treat-ing swine wastewater between pilot and optimized lab scale”, Bioresource Technology, 2013, Accepted (IF=4.980)

3. W. Kim, S. Shin, J. Lim, S. Hwang*, “Effect of temperature and hydraulic retention time on volatile fatty acid production based on bacterial community structure in anaerobic acidogenesis using swine wastewater”, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 2013, Accepted (IF=1.809)

4. J. Kim, K. Cho, G. Han, C. Lee*, and S. Hwang*, “Effects of temperature and pH on the biokinetic properties of thiocyanate biodegradation under autotrophic conditions”, Water Research, 2013, Vol 47(1). 251-258 (IF=4.865)

5. W. Kim, S. Shin, K. Cho, C. Lee, and S. Hwang*, “Performance of methanogenic reactors in temperature phased two-stage anaero-bic digestion of swine wastewater”, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2012, Vol 114(6). 635-639 (IF=1.793)

6. S. Shin, S. Yoo, K. Hwang, M. Song, W. Kim, G. Han, and S. Hwang*, “Dynamics of transitional acidogenic community with a methanogenic population during anaerobic digestion of swine wastewater”, Process Biochemistry, 2011, Vol 46(8): 1607-1613 (IF=2.627)

7. J. Kim, S. Shin, G. Han, V. O’Flaherty, C. Lee, and S. Hwang*, “Common key acidogen populations in anaerobic reactors treating dif-ferent wastewaters: Molecular identification and quantitative monitoring”, Water Research, 2011, Vol. 45(8): 2539-2549 (IF=4.865)

8. S. Shin, Z. B. W., S. Lee, W. Kim, and S. Hwang*, “Variations in methanogenic population structure under overloading of pre-acidi-fied high-strength organic wastewaters”, Process Biochemistry, 2011, Vol. 46(4):1035-1038 (IF=2.627)

9. S. Lee, K. Cho, J. Lim, W. Kim, S. Hwang*, “Acclimation and activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with respect to variations in zinc concentration, temperature, and microbial population”, Bioresource Technology, 2011, Vol. 102(5):4196-4203 (IF=4.980)

10. W. Kim, S. Lee, S. Shin, C. Lee, K. Hwang and S. Hwang*, " Methanogenic community shift in anaerobic batch digesters treating swine wastewater " Water Research, 2010, Vol. 44(17):4900-4907 (IF=4.865)

Process Labo-ratory

Microbial Labo-ratory

1. Identification and recombination of methanogenic genes for next-generation biogas production technology 2010.06~2013.05

2. BK 2nd generation business 2006.3-2013.2

3. Food wastewater treatment process integration monitoring and stabilization technology development using molecular biology

microorganism quantification 2008.2~2012.5

4. HADS PLANT operation stabilization by identifying microorganism 2011.1~2012.2

5. Specific graduate school of waste to energy 2009.03~2012.02

6. Technology development of organic waste for biogas(POSCO) 2011.01~2011.12

7. Anaerobic process stabilization and control applying molecular biology probe technology 2009.12~2011.11

8. Next generation biogas production technology development using organic waste 2008.08~2011.07

9. Ocean bio energy production technology research using ocean resource in Gyeongbuk province East Sea 2009.7~2010.10

10. Microorganism quantification probe and spiral bio reactor development for disposing of concentrated nitrogen industrial

wastewater 2007.4-2010.9

(10 out of 24)

Environmental analysis center

Research Of-fice(10 out of 14)

Paper & Project achievements in the last 5 years Research facilities

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5. Evaluation Guideline (KETEP)

Progressive evaluation(1st and 2nd year)

Final evaluation(3rd year)

After

* All documents preparation (e.g. annual reports) must follow the guidelines by KETEP.

Tasks

- Presentation with Documents

- Experiment progress

- Publications & patents

- Budget execution review

- Documents (e.g. Reports)

- English & Korean versions

- Evaluation committee (~10 experts)

- Financial audit

- CPA

Tasks

- Presentation with Documents

- Technical excellence (Final)

- Publications & patents

- Budget execution review

- Documents (e.g. Reports)

- English & Korean versions

- Evaluation committee (~10 experts)

- Self assessment statement

- Product management status

- Industrialization strategy and plan

- Financial audit

- CPA

Tasks

- For 5 years tracking- Commercialization- Publications- Patents

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Supplements

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1. Research overview

Research area

BioenergyAnaerobic Digestion of organic waste

BioconversionOrganic waste to mushroom mycelia

BNR(Biological Nitrogen Removal)

Advanced biological wastewater treatment

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1. Research overview

Research area

Real-time QPCR DGGE

Clone library T-RFLP

Molecular Biotechnology

Bio-kinetics RSA

Optimization Process analysis

Process Control

Lab-scale Small pilot

Large pilot Full-scale

Scale-up Process