1 Engineering Design Process

8/8/2019 1 Engineering Design Process

1/24

Graphics CommunicationIntroduction:

Engineering drawing is a language used to relate andcommunicate ideas between professionals and non-professionals if need be.

Learning the language of technical graphics allows youto visualize problems more clearly and use graphicimages to find solutions with more ease.

Importance of Engineering drawing: Visualization,Communication, &Documentation

92% of the design process is graphically based.


2/24


16%

15%

25%

19%

25% 3-D Modeling andDocumentation

ManufacturingEngineering

Functional Design

Engineering Analysis

Other


3/24


Why is graphics design so important?

Try to describe to someone a product in words thatwill later need to be manufactured or built. Its

harder than with words.


4/24


Engineers must fulfill two important aspects ofdesign:Aesthetics and Function


5/24

Engineering Design ProcessIntroduction:

Design: process of conceiving or inventing ideas &communicating those ideas to others.

It requires input from such areas as customerneeds, materials, capital, energy, timerequirements, & human knowledge/skills


6/24

Engineering Design ProcessTraditional Engineering Design:

It is a linear approach divided into a number ofsteps. It moves through each step in a sequentialmanner; if problem comes up, the process mayreturn to previous step (called iteration or looping)

ProblemIdentificatio

n

PreliminaryIdeas

Refinement

Analysis

Documentation

Implementation


7/24

Engineering Design Process

ConcurrentE

ngineering Design:

It is a nonlinear team approach to design thatbrings together the input, processes, & outputelements necessary to produce a product.

The people & processes are brought together atthe beginning (not typical in linear)

Team made up of: design & production engineers,technicians, marketing & finance personnel,planners, & managers.


8/24


Concurrent Engineering Design:

Three activities that make up the concurrent designprocess are: Ideation,Refinement, &Implementation.

3-D

Modeling is extremely important in this type ofdesign process.


9/24


Concurrent Engineering Design:


10/24

Graphics CommunicationWhat you Will Learn:

Visualization: the ability to mentally control visualinformation

Graphics Theory: geometry and projection techniques

Standards: sets of rules that govern how parts are madeand technical drawings are represented

Conventions: commonly accepted practices and methodsused for technical drawings

Tools: devices used to create engineering drawings andmodels, including both hand-held and computer tools

Applications: the various uses for technical graphics inengineering design, such as mechanical, electrical, andarchitectural


11/24

Graphics CommunicationTechnical Drawing Tools:

Three basic types of drawings: Freehandsketches,Instrumentdrawings, & ComputerDrawingsandmodels.

Most widely used tool is computer-aideddesign/drafting (CAD). CAD is a computersoftware and related computer hardware thatsupplements or replaces traditional hand tools increating models and technical drawings.


12/24

Graphics CommunicationTraditional Tools:

Traditional Tools are devices used to assist thehuman hand in making technical drawings.Straighter lines, perfect circles, & faster speed of

drawing They included:1. Wood & mechanical pencils

2. Instrument set, compass & dividers

3. 45- & 30/60-degree triangles

4. Scales

5. Irregular curves6. Protractors

7. Erasers & erasing shields

8. Drawing Paper

9. Circle Templates

10. Isometric templates


13/24

Graphics CommunicationParts of a CAD System:

CPU (hardrive)

Input (mouse/keyboard)

Output (monitor/printer)

Operating System (Windows/Mac) Software (Microstation,Auto-CAD)


14/24

Graphics CommunicationThe Hardrive:


15/24

Graphics CommunicationCAD Software:

Common basic features:

Commands to generate geometry Functions for controlling views

Modifiers for changing drawing geometry

Annotation Commands for adding text, dimensions, andnotes

Others


16/24

Graphics CommunicationEngineering Design Uses Sketching & CAD:

Ideas are initially sketched and then more accurateCAD drawings are created

A single accurate CAD database can be used to go

from ideation to manufacturing and documentation Finite Element Analysis,3-D Rendering, Animation,

Documentation, Rapid Prototyping software areavailable for use with CAD


17/24

Graphics CommunicationTerminology:

CAD: Computer Aided Design

CADD: Computer Aided Design &Drafting

CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing

CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering

CAPP: Computer-Aided Process Planning

MRP: Material Requirement Planning

EDM: Enterprise Document/Data Management

CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering

Blue Print Reading: Interpreting drawings madeby others


18/24

Engineering Drawing


19/24

Engineering DrawingIntro:

An effective means of communicating technical ideas &solutions using a clear and precise language with definiterules and regulations

The primary medium for communicating and developing

design concepts

It removes language barrier between technical & non-technical audiences

Follows a system of standards


20/24

Engineering DrawingStandards:

Standards ensure that drawings convey the sameinformation to everyone who interprets them

Standards organizations like ANSI (American NationalStandards Institute) & ISO (International Standards

Organization) publish standards detailing how drawingsshould be created so they can be interpreted universally

Example: ANSI Y14.5M-1994-Dimensions and Tolerance


21/24

Engineering DrawingStandards:


22/24

Engineering DrawingsConventions:

Conventions are commonly accepted practices, rules, ormethods (i.e.. hidden lines, dimension lines)

Most important convention is Alphabet of Linesestablished by ASME called linestyles

Line patterns communicate what the line represents inthe drawing

Line patterns tell you information such as whether theline is hidden, visible, or a centerline

Views should be selected to minimized the use of hidden

lines Precedence of lines: Visible Hidden Center


23/24

Engineering DrawingsAlphabet of Lines:


24/24

Engineering DrawingsAlphabet of Lines:

Documents

1 Engineering Design Process