1 ELEC ENG 4BD4 Lecture 1 Biomedical Instrumentation Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

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ELEC ENG 4BD4Lecture 1

Biomedical Instrumentation

Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin

de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

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Cochlear Implant


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Advances in Vision (Retinal Stimulation)


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Mini Gastric Imaging


5de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014

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Calendar Description: Principles of instrumentation; Noise and interference in electrical measurements; Generation and nature of bioelectric potentials; electrodes and other transducers; electrical safety; neuromuscular and cardiovascular instrumentation; ultrasonics for bio-measurements other than imaging; computer interfaces for data acquisition systems. Course Objectives: Students will be able to apply the principles of electronic circuits and devices to the use and design of instrumentation in the biomedical area. They will have gained a basic knowledge of the operating principles of electrical and other transducers, analog and digital instrumentation, applied signal acquisition and processing, electrical safety in the medical environment, electrical properties of nerve and muscle physiology; and instrumentation used in cardiopulmonary, neurological, surgical, and rehabilitation areas of medicine.


Course Information

de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014 7

Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin, ITB A211, 905-525-9140 XT 24171 [email protected] Assistants: Dennis Yazhemsky, Adhithya RavichandranSchedule: Lectures: 3hours/week

Tutorials: 1 hour per week Labs: 3hours (6)

Website: go to http://www.ece.mcmaster.ca/faculty/debruin/debruin/teaching.htm

Topics Covered


General Overview of InstrumentationLecture 1 Introduction to Measurement Systems Lecture 2 Coherent and Other Noises in MeasurementsLecture 3 General Properties of SensorsLecture 4 Analog InstrumentationElectrophysiology and Instrumentation UsedLecture 5 Origins of Electrophysiological SignalsLecture 6 Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models ILecture 6A Biopotential Electrodes Including Equivalent Circuit Models IILecture 7 Recording Biopotential Fields on the BodyCommon Electrophysiological Signals Recorded in Biomedicine and Associated InstrumentationLecture 8 Origin of ECG, Standard Recording SystemsLecture 8A ECG Noise Coupling, Heart Rate DetectionLecture 9 Muscle Organization and Function

Topics (cont’d)


Lecture 10 Electromyography (Recording and Analyzing Muscle Signals)Lecture 11 Brain Electrical Signal (EEG)Lecture 11A Other Instrumentation Applications in EEGLecture 12 The Electro-Ocularogram (EOG)Sensors and Instrumentation to Measure Other VariablesLecture 13 Temperature Sensors and InstrumentationLecture 14 Position and Movement SensorsLecture 15 Force and Pressure Measurement using Strain GaugesLecture 16 Piezoelectrics and ApplicationLecture 17 Chemical Sensors

Topics (cont’d)


Measurement of Cardiopulmonary FunctionLecture 18 Invasive and Non-Invasive Blood PressureLecture 19 Measuring Blood Oxygen (Pulse Oximeter)Lecture 20 Measuring CO2 (Capnometry)Lecture 21 Measuring Blood or Airflow (Plethysmography)Application of Therapeutic Electrical EnergyLecture 22 General Principles of Electro-StimulationLecture 23 Cardiac Pacing and PacemakersLecture 24 Cardiac DefibrillatorsLecture 25 Muscle StimulationLecture 26 ElectrosurgeryProfessional Standards and Safety CodesLecture 27 Electrical Safety ILecture 28 Electrical Safety II

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Laboratory Sessions: Lab 1 : Differential amplifiers; DAQ / DSP / Statistical Analysis Key Concepts: Discrete Signals, Acquisition, Amplifiers, Frequency Domain Lab 2 : ECG / Heart RateKey Concepts: Biopotentials, Electrocardiogram, Einthoven's Triangle, Noise Artifact, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for ECGLab 3 : EEG Key Concepts: Alpha & Beta Waves (Alpha Blockers) – in phase or out of phase. Spectral and time analysis, Irregularities, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EEGLab 4 : EMG & Motor Control Key Concepts: Muscle twitches, rectification, averaging, RMS, Force vs EMG, Filtering effects on applications of EMG, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EMGLab 5 : EOG & Environmental Control Key Concepts: DC Signals, DC Amplifiers, Frequency component of blinking, Scaling of signals and creation of algorithms to make raw data into useful information, Bio-instrumentation amplifier for EOG


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Textbooks (Optional): 1. Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design. John G. Webster2. Custom Courseware, Lecture Slides posted on the class websiteAdditional resources:1.Introduction to Instrumentation and Measurements; Second Edition; Robert B Northrop; Taylor and Francis; ISBN 0-8493-3773-92.Noninvasive Instrumentation and Measurement in Medical Diagnosis; Robert N. Northrop; CRC press; ISBN 0-8493-0961-13.Design and Development of Medical Electronic Instrumentation, D. Prutchi and M. Norri, Wiley-Interscience, 2005


Course Assessment

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Assessment: Labs 20% Midterm 30% Final Exam 50%


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Process of Measurement

• Understand the event (variable) you are measuring

• Is variable directly related to event?

• Is variable indirectly related to event?

• Is variable statistically related to event?

• Is event itself random?


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Process of Measurement (cont’d)

• Is measurement biased (will final result have an offset, e.g. does it always read high)?

• What are unavoidable sources of noise?

• How much does this contaminate your measurement?

• Maximize your signal-to-noise ration SNR


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Measurement Specifications

• What is amplitude range of selected variable

• What is bandwidth of variable (does variable change rapidly or slowly)?

• What is required resolution (smallest change you need to measure)?

• What is required accuracy?


EE 4BD4 Lab Instrumentation

• Modular McMaster Analog Instrumentation System

• National Instruments DAQ system with Laboratory Interface

• Desktop PC running National Instruments Virtual Instrumentation language “Labview”


MacECE BiomedLab


Course Objectives

• Be able to analyse a biomedical measurement problem and plan a solution

• Be able to design analog “front ends” for a variety of physiologically related signals

• Gain familiarity with a number of different instrumentation sensors

• Design a simple computer data acquisition program


Course Objectives (cont’d)

• Gain experience with collecting and analysing different electrophysiological signals (ECG, EMG, EEG, Accelerometer, etc.)

• Be exposed to concepts of electrical safety and professional medical instrument codes


Documents

1 ELEC ENG 4BD4 Lecture 1 Biomedical Instrumentation Instructor: Dr. Hubert de Bruin de Bruin EE 4BD4 2014