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What is Editing?

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Editing refers to how shots are put

together to make up a film.

The selecting and joining together of

shots in the way they will appear on

the screen. The work progresses

from assembly to rough cut and thenfine cut, at which point the sound

editor is usually brought in.

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The process of arranging,

assembly or excluding images

text and sound to produce acompleted media product.

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EDITOR HAS FOURMAJOR SENSES:

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A person who obtains or improves

material for a publication.

A person, responsible for themaking decisions about shots,

continuity (content and action) and

giving the final shape to the film.

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A sound editor, a person

responsible for the flow and choice

of music, voice and sound effects

and recording.

A computer programme that is

used by humans to efficiently make

changes to files of a particular type.

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FOUR CATEGORIES OFEDITING:

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I. Chronological Editing

This type of editing follows the

logic of a chronological narrative,and it is very close to continuity

editing. One event follows

naturally on from another.

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Time and space are logically and

unproblematically represented.

Beginnings and endings of

sequences are clearly demarcated.In the end of a sequence safely

indicates where and when the

narrative will get picked up in thefollowing sequence.

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This type of editing is mostly associated

with classical Hollywood cinema and isone which produces a very linear text.

This linearity or chronological ordergets broken only when there is a

flashback or a cross-cutting to a parallel

sequence.

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II. Cross-Editing/Cutting:

Cutting between different sets

of action that can be occurring

simultaneously or at different

times.

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IIa. Parallel Editing/Cutting:

In this style of editing two actions

happen simultaneously at two

different place but at same time.

Different

Actions

Same

Time

Different

Places

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Parallel editing helps in building up

suspense. It also emphasize on therelationship of characters, action and

time and also how a story progress by

revealing suspense.

Parallel editing is such a tool which

helps editor in locking up the tensionand suspense which result in audience

excitement.

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Though, parallel technique of

editing or cutting is almost similar tocross cutting (cutting back and

forth), but to achieve parallel editing

one needs to do lot of planning.

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SCENE 1 SCENE 2

Shot 1

Shot 3

Shot 6

Shot 4

Shot 2

Shot 5

Shot 9

Shot 7 Shot 8

Shot 10

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III. Deep Focus Editing:

The technique of deep focus isdependent on a wide depth of field.

With deep focus all planes within the

lenss focus are in sharp focus thusbackground and foreground are both

in focus. Deep focus is a technique

which uses fast wide angle lensesand fast film to preserve as much

depth of field as possible.

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Orson Welles who is credited as the first

to use the effect in Citizen Kane (1941).

Andr Bazin was the first to qualify thistype of editing as objective realism.

Shooting in deep focus means that less

cutting within a sequence. So the

spectator is less manipulated and more

free to read the set the set of shots.

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IV. Montage:

Montage editing came out of the soviet

experimental cinema of the 1920s. it

was Lev Kuleshov who first thought ofthe concept of montage. But it is

primarily associated with Sergei

Eisenstein director of Strike,BattleShip Potemkin and October.

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Eisenstein adapted Kuleshovs

fundamental theory that collision orconflict must be inherent to all

visual signs (semilogy) in film.

Juxtaposing shots makes themcollide and it is from the collision

that meaning is produced.

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Principles of Montage:

Fast editing and unusual camera

angles.

Is a rapid alternation between sets

of shots whose signification occursat the point of their collision.

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His editing style indicated a

privileging of the image over

narrative and characterization.Montage creates a third meaning

through the collision of two

images.