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1e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
The Role of Unicode and XML in Transforming Global e-Commerce
by
Michael G. McKenna / Commerce One, Inc.
September, 2001
2e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Paperwork for InternationalBusiness
ICC Document flow
• Purchase Order• Letter of Credit
• Inspection Certificate• Bank Draft• Import Declaration
SaleContract
• Commercial Invoice• Bill of Lading• Certificate of Origin• Insurance Certificate
4e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Current e-Commerce Landscape
Procurement Supply Chain Exchanges
• Indirect Goods
• Direct Goods
Auctions Collaborative Design
6e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
EDI/EDIFACT
Electronic Data Interchange ANSI X.12 Single language Proprietary infrastructure Difficult to maintain
7e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Ven
do
r
Cli
ent
/ B
uye
r
Shipping Confirm
Ship Product
e-C
om
mer
ce C
o.
Prod Order
Example Transaction
Transact Req
Transact Confirm
Shipping Confirm
Prod Order Confirm
Fin
anci
al I
nst
itu
tio
n
Client Verify Req
Client Verify Confirm
$ Transfer Req
$ Transfer Confirm
time
8e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Transaction Diagram
Buyer/Client e-Commerce
Company Financial Institution Communication
protocols Differing Standards
VendorE-Comm
Co.
FinancialInst.
Client
9e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Multi-National e-Commerce
Import/Export regulations• Compliance• Duties• Hazmat regulations
Landed Cost Address, telephone formats Time zones Multi-local industry standards Script of local language
11e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Multi-Lingual Issues
Terminology differences Shipping addresses
• E.g., Russia or Japan
Confusion UI in one language/script Purchase Order in different
Language/Script
12e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Monetary Transactions
Credit Card• e.g., JCB, Maestro, Visa, MasterCard
Bank Transfer Automatic Deposit
Support multiple payment systems! Support multiple currencies
13e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Flexible Business Rules
Market validity rules• Is it legal to sell in that market?
• Is it legal to sell specific products in that market?
Transaction Rules• Application Integration
• Currency for payment
• Shipping
• Taxes
14e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
XML in e-Commerce
Business document container:• Catalog descriptions• Transaction Entities
• Buyer: Ship to / Bill to• Seller• Shipper• Financial Institution
• Purchase Orders• Advance Ship Notice• Invoice• Shipping documents• Import/Export tax documents
16e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Unicode in e-Commerce
Default encoding for XML• <?xml version=“1.0” encoding=“utf-8” ?>
Enables multi-lingual data storage Internal encoding for Java Available in all major database systems
• Microsoft SQL Server• Oracle• Sybase• DB2
17e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Example Message (DTD)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE Book [
<!ELEMENT Book (BookDesc)+ ><!ELEMENT BookDesc (Title, Author, Publisher, ISBN,
Price, CoverImage, Desc) ><!ATTLIST Book xml:lang CDATA #REQUIRED ><!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA) ><!ELEMENT Author (#PCDATA) ><!ELEMENT Publisher (#PCDATA) ><!ELEMENT ISBN (#PCDATA) ><!ELEMENT Price (Currency, Amount) > <!ELEMENT Currency (#PCDATA) > <!ELEMENT Amount (#PCDATA) ><!ENTITY CoverImage EMPTY ><!ELEMENT Desc (#PCDATA) ><!ATTLIST CoverImagemage type (bmp|gif|jpg|other) "gif"><!NOTATION gif SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"><!NOTATION bmp SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"><!NOTATION jpg SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe"><!NOTATION other SYSTEM ("gwswin/gws.exe">
]>
18e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Example Message (XML)
<Book><BookDesc xml:lang=“EN”> <Title>Java in a Nutshell</Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher>O'Reilly & Associates </Publisher> <ISBN>156592262X</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>USD</Currency> <Amount>24.95</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_us.gif</CoverImage> <Desc>The bestselling Java in a Nutshell has been updated to cover Java 1.1.
If you're a Java programmer who ismigrating to 1.1, this second
... </Desc></BookDesc>
19e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Example Message (XML)
<BookDesc xml:lang=“DE”> <Title>Java in a Nutshell</Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher>OReilly/VVA </Publisher> <ISBN>3897211009</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>DEM</Currency> <Amount>49.00</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_de.gif</CoverImage> <Desc>Dieses Handbuch ist eine
unentbehrliche Kurzreferenz, die dazugedacht ist, aufgeschlagen neben der
Tastaturjedes Java-Programmierers zu liegen. Es enthält eine
... </Desc></BookDesc>
20e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Example Message (XML)
<BookDesc xml:lang=“JP”> <Title> </Title> <Author>David Flanagan</Author> <Publisher> </Publisher> <ISBN>4-900900-08-7</ISBN> <Price> <Currency>JPY</Currency> <Amount>3900.00</Amount> </Price> <CoverImage>jnut_jp.gif</CoverImage> <Desc>
... </Desc></BookDesc>
</Book>
21e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
xCBL 3.0
DTD Descriptor Use of xml:lang throughout Strong multi-national flexibility
23e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
xEDI
Designed to support catalogs in multiple languages
GlobalLanguage• Defines language of the document
24e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
RosettaNet
RosettaNet allows setting the language of the document• GlobalLanguageCode
25e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Issues: Interoperability
Conversions Preservation of locale information DTD mapping Mixing of COTS applications 3rd party tools
26e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Playing “catch up”
XML moves forward Applications catch up slower Partial functionality for rich DTD OK – lays backbone to build upon
27e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Future Issues
Corporate Education Issues
Standards convergence
Standard Meta-Data
Native Language Messages
28e-Commerce & XML
IUC#19(c) 2001, M. McKenna/Commerce One, Inc.
Summary
For Global e-Commerce Systems, add: Unicode for universal language support Java for portable code XML for portable data Conversion support for legacy
integration Good locale bookkeeping Planning and design